Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete

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ISBN: 9780080445113 | 008044511X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/15/2004

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Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used modern materials of construction. It is comparatively cheap, readily available, and suitable for a variety of building and construction applications. This reference provides a detailed resource covering all aspects of this important material. Both servicability and durability aspects are well covered, with all the information needed maximise the life of buildings constructed from it. Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information and data from world renound authors, it will be a valuable source of reference for academics, researchers, students and professionals alike.

Preface

Contributing Authors' Biographical Notes

xiii

Chapter 1. Galvanized Steel in Concrete: An Overview

Stephen R. Yeomans

(30)

1.1. Introduction

(3)

1.2. Corrosion Prevention in Reinforced Concrete

(1)

1.3. Coated Steel Reinforcement - General Principles

(1)

1.4. Galvanized Reinforcing Steel

(9)

1.4.1. Behaviour of Zinc in Concrete

(1)

1.4.2. Chloride Tolerance

(1)

1.4.3. Behaviour of the Coating and Corrosion Products

(2)

1.4.4. Experience with Galvanized Steel in Concrete

(3)

1.4.5. Economics of Galvanized Reinforcement

(1)

1.5. Corrosion Model for Galvanized Steel in Concrete

(3)

1.5.1. Initiation Stage

(1)

1.5.2. Protection Stage

(1)

1.5.3. Propagation Stage

(1)

1.5.4. Comparison of Models

(1)

1.6. Applications of Galvanized Reinforcement

(8)

1.7. Summary

(1)

References

(4)

Chapter 2. Design for Durability with Galvanized Reinforcement

R. Narayan Swamy

(40)

2.1. Introduction

(2)

2.2. Current Design Specifications

(1)

2.3. The Ubiquitous Nature of Exposure

(2)

2.3.1. Environmental Considerations

(2)

2.3.2. Geomorphological Considerations

(1)

2.3.3. Effects on Materials and Concrete

(1)

2.4. The Need for Protection of Steel in Concrete

(5)

2.4.1. The Nature of Concrete

(1)

2.4.2. Deterioration of RC

(3)

2.5. Design Strategy for Structural Integrity

(1)

2.6. Design Implications of Galvanized Reinforcement

(6)

2.6.1. Galvanizing and Galvanized Bars

(1)

2.6.2. Cracking of Galvanized Coating

(2)

2.6.3. Mechanical Properties

(1)

2.6.4. The Galvanized Bar-Concrete Bond

(2)

2.7. Durability of Concrete with Galvanized Bars

(12)

2.7.1. Resistance to Carbonation

(2)

2.7.2. Resistance to Chloride Attack

(4)

2.7.3. Long-Term Field Tests

(3)

2.7.4. Engineering Implications

(2)

2.8. In Situ Performance of Galvanized Reinforcement

(3)

2.9. Concluding Remarks

(2)

References

(6)

Chapter 3. Corrosion of Metals in Concrete

Alberto A. Sagüés

(16)

3.1. The Steel Environment in Concrete

(1)

3.2. The Initiation-Propagation Model for Corrosion of Steel

(4)

3.2.1. Initiation Stage: The Chloride Concentration Threshold

(1)

3.2.2. Initiation Stage: Combined Factors

(1)

3.2.3. Corrosion Propagation Stage

(1)

3.3. Integrated Corrosion Forecasting

(2)

3.4. Strategies to Improve Durability

(5)

3.4.1. Concrete Quality and Cover Thickness

(1)

3.4.2. Concrete Surface Treatments and Chloride Barriers

(1)

3.4.3. Corrosion Inhibitors

(1)

3.4.4. Alternative Reinforcement Materials

(3)

References

(4)

Chapter 4. Zinc Materials for Use in Concrete

Thomas J. Langill, Barry Dugan

(24)

4.1. Introduction

(4)

4.2. The Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process

(2)

4.2.1. Surface Preparation

(1)

4.2.2. Fluxing

(1)

4.2.3. Galvanizing

(1)

4.3. Metallurgy of the Galvanized Coating and Alloy Structure

(5)

4.3.1. Coating Structure

(2)

4.3.2. Coating Appearance

(3)

4.4. Fabrication of Galvanized Products

(6)

4.4.1. Bending

(2)

4.4.2. Abrasion and Impact Resistance of Galvanized Coatings

101

(1)

4.4.3. Corner and Edge Protection

101

(1)

4.4.4. Welding of Galvanized Steel

101

(2)

4.4.5. Repair of Galvanized Coatings

103

(1)

4.5. Zinc Inhibitors

104

(1)

4.6. Codes of Practice and Standards

105

(2)

4.7. Field Handling Techniques

107

(1)

References

108

(3)

Chapter 5. Electrochemical Aspects of Galvanized Reinforcement Corrosion

Carmen Andrade, Cruz Alonso

111

(34)

5.1. Introduction

111

(1)

5.2. Galvanized Reinforcement as a Protection Method

111

(17)

5.2.1. Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in Alkaline Media

111

(7)

5.2.2. Evolution of Hydrogen During Cement Setting

118

(2)

5.2.3. Influence of Alkali Content on Passivation of Galvanized Steel

120

(3)

5.2.4. Influence of Galvanized Coating in the Passivation Process

123

(5)

5.3. Behavior of Galvanized Steel in Aggressive Media

128

(13)

5.3.1. Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in Carbonated Concrete

128

(4)

5.3.2. Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in the Presence of Chlorides

132

(9)

5.4. Conclusions

141

(1)

References

141

(4)

Chapter 6. Laboratory and Field Performance of Galvanized Steel in Concrete

Stephen R. Yeomans

145

(54)

6.1. Introduction

145

(2)

6.2. Some Early Research

147

(2)

6.3. The 1970's

149

(4)

6.4. The 1980's

153

(16)

6.5. The 1990's

169

(14)

6.6. 2000 and Beyond

183

(6)

6.7. Summary

189

(3)

References

192

(7)

Chapter 7. The Bermuda Experience: Leading the Way on Galvanized Reinforcement

Neil D. Allan

199

(23)

7.1. Introduction

199

(1)

7.2. The Islands of Bermuda

199

(2)

7.3. Previous Investigations

201

(5)

7.3.1. Sponsored Research - 1970's

201

(2)

7.3.2. Bermuda MW&E Surveys - 1991

203

(3)

7.4. Longbird Bridge Revisited - 1995

206

(1)

7.5. Hamilton - Old Bus Depot

207

(1)

7.6. Performance of Black Steel in Bermuda

207

(2)

7.6.1. Sargasso Fish Processing Facility

208

(1)

7.6.2. Ordinance Island Bridge

208

(1)

7.6.3. Commentary

209

(1)

7.7. The Watford Bridge - A Case Study

209

(6)

7.7.1. The Old Watford Bridge

210

(2)

7.7.2. The New Watford Bridge

212

(3)

7.8. Economic Case for Galvanized Reinforcement

215

(1)

7.9. Practical Considerations

216

(11)

7.9.1. Alternate Coatings

216

(1)

7.9.2. Special Practices

216

(1)

7.9.3. Damage to Coating

217

(1)

7.9.4. Coating Mass

218

(1)

7.9.5. Bond Strength

218

(1)

7.10. Continued Use of Galvanized Reinforcement in Bermuda

218

(2)

7.11. Conclusions

220

(1)

References

220

(2)

Appendix A. Evaluation of Galvanized Reinforcing Steel in the Longbird Bridge, Bermuda

David Stark

222

(7)

A.1. Introduction

222

(1)

A.2. Scope of Work

222

(1)

A.3. Results of the Investigation

223

(3)

A.3.1. Petrographic Examination

223

(1)

A.3.2. Chloride Contents

224

(1)

A.3.3. Metallurgical Analysis

225

(1)

A.4. Summary and Conclusions

226

(1)

References

227

(2)

Chapter 8. Bond of Steel in Concrete and the Effect of Galvanizing

Obada Kayali

229

(42)

8.1. The Significance of Bond

229

(6)

8.2. Failure in Bond

235

(3)

8.3. Evaluating Bond Strength

238

(3)

8.4. The Bond Stress-Slip Relationship

241

(2)

8.5. Evaluation of Bond in a Flexural Member

243

(3)

8.6. New Developments in Concrete

246

(3)

8.6.1. Higher Strength Concretes

246

(1)

8.6.2. Structural Lightweight Concrete

247

(1)

8.6.3. Fibre-Reinforced Concrete

248

(1)

8.6.4. The Role of Galvanized Reinforcement

249

(1)

8.7. Coated Reinforcement and Bond

249

(12)

8.7.1. Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating

249

(1)

8.7.2. Hot-Dip Galvanizing

250

(11)

8.8. Effect of Rib Geometry and the Coating

261

(1)

8.9. Design Standards and Bond

262

(1)

8.10. Concluding Remarks

263

(1)

References

264

(7)

Chapter 9. Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete: A Consultant's Perspective

John P. Broomfield

271

(16)

9.1. A Brief History

271

(2)

9.2. The Corrosion of Steel in Concrete and Protection Systems

273

(2)

9.3. Design for Durability

275

(5)

9.4. The Performance of Galvanized Reinforcement

280

(4)

9.4.1. Durability in Carbonated Concrete

280

(1)

9.4.2. Durability in Chloride-Contaminated Concrete

281

(2)

9.4.3. Consequences of Installing Galvanized Reinforcement

283

(1)

9.5. Conclusions

284

(1)

References

285

(2)

Colour Plates

287

(6)

Index

293

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Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete

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