The Gateway to the Sahara
, by
- ISBN: 9781931641234 | 1931641234
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 7/1/2001
June, 1904, found me a second time in North Africa, previously it was Morocco, the western most outpost of the Orient, now it was Tripoli, the easternmost state of Barbary. A specially vised Turkish passport let me into The Gateway to the Sahara -- the first American to enter in two years.
| Historical Note | p. xxiii |
| A sketch of Tripolitania from prehistoric times to today | |
| Tripoli in Barbary | p. 1 |
| Tripoli | |
| Its political and geographical status | |
| Description | |
| Tripoli's seclusion from Mediterranean highways | |
| Its coast-line | |
| Tripolitania | |
| Government | |
| Location | |
| Landing | |
| Customs | |
| Tragedy at well | |
| Quarters | |
| The Arbar-Arsat | |
| Beggars | |
| Ophthalmia | |
| Types | |
| Native races of Tripoli | |
| Foreigners | |
| Religious classification | |
| Picturesque aspects | |
| Roman ruins | |
| Arch of Marcus Aurelius | |
| Population | |
| Bazaars | |
| Types | |
| Visual impressions | |
| Stealing camels | |
| Superstition of the "evil eye" | |
| Fetiches | |
| Turkish Club | |
| The Castle | |
| Tragedy of an escaped prisoner | |
| Town Scenes and Incidents | p. 23 |
| View from Lokanda | |
| Building construction | |
| A flood | |
| Night sounds | |
| Wedding procession | |
| A thief | |
| The Mosque of the Steps | |
| A romance | |
| A night adventure | |
| The country of thirst | |
| Tripoli contrasts | |
| Arab character | |
| Islamism | |
| An Arab house | |
| Moorish women | |
| Old silver | |
| Turkish taxation and tithes | |
| Tripolitan character | |
| Outside the Walls | p. 38 |
| Agriculture | |
| Yoke of taxation | |
| Cultivable areas | |
| Ancient customs | |
| Soil, rain, and crops | |
| Meaning of oasis | |
| Method of irrigation | |
| Tripoli from the desert | |
| Date palms | |
| Their value--Markets or suks | |
| Transportation | |
| Horses | |
| Description of the Tuesday Market | |
| A market crowd | |
| A knife seller | |
| Character of Arab merchants | |
| An Arab sharper | |
| Arab barbers | |
| Fruit | |
| Corn sellers | |
| Butcher shops | |
| A marabout | |
| Coffee houses | |
| A mental mirage | |
| Two points of view | |
| Salam, A Hausa Slave | p. 52 |
| Black nomads | |
| Salam | |
| Slave statistics | |
| Hausaland | |
| Hausas | |
| Slavery | |
| Slave rights | |
| Slave traffic | |
| Tribute-paying system | |
| Freedom | |
| Salam's capture | |
| Slave life | |
| Gambling | |
| Cowries | |
| Gambling away freedom | |
| Bashaws' persecution | |
| Salam's master resists Bashaw | |
| Salam sold | |
| Kano | |
| Trade of Kano and Sudan | |
| Tuaregs | |
| Products of Kano | |
| Slave caravans | |
| Kola nuts | |
| Salam's journey | |
| A Tuareg fight | |
| Kola nuts | |
| Salam sold several times | |
| His master Hadji Ahmed | |
| Escapes to Ouragla | |
| Tends camels | |
| Second escape | |
| Sufferings of the journey | |
| Reach Ghadames | |
| Sent to Tripoli | |
| Arrival in Tripoli | |
| Obtains freedom | |
| Sala Heba | |
| Hadji Ahmed again | |
| Plan for Salam's recapture | |
| Scheme foiled | |
| A Sudanese dance | |
| A brush with Black fanatics | |
| Salam's courage | |
| The Masked Tuaregs | p. 77 |
| The masked Tuaregs | |
| Tuareg confederation | |
| Tuareg territory | |
| Character | |
| Methods of brigandage | |
| Dangers of the trails | |
| Reprisals | |
| Tuareg convoys | |
| Adventure of two French officers | |
| Tuaregs of white race | |
| Religion | |
| Character | |
| Massacre of White Fathers | |
| Flatters expedition | |
| Marriage | |
| Women | |
| Social system | |
| Tuareg slaves | |
| First Tuaregs seen | |
| Tuareg costumes | |
| Weapons | |
| Shadowing | |
| Unsuccessful attempt to photograph them | |
| Asgar Tuaregs | |
| Bartering | |
| The Tuareg mask | |
| The Sect of the Senusi | |
| The telek and other Tuareg weapons | |
| The Asgars again | |
| The picture obtained | |
| The Discovery of the U.S. Frigate "Philadelphia" | p. 100 |
| The Mediterranean | |
| Bashaws' Castle | |
| Grounding of U. S. Frigate Philadelphia | |
| The surrender | |
| The burning by Decatur | |
| Local traditions | |
| Jewish records found | |
| Hadji-el-Ouachi | |
| An Arab tradition | |
| The old Arab's story | |
| Old guns | |
| Bushagour's houses | |
| More specific results | |
| Start to explore harbor | |
| Discovery of a vessel's ribs below water | |
| The Philadelphia | |
| Diving | |
| Condition of the vessel | |
| Second expedition with machine boats and sponge divers | |
| Size, position, and location of wreck determined | |
| Third and last expedition | |
| Sponge divers again | |
| Parts brought to surface | |
| The Greek Sponge Divers | p. 120 |
| Tripoli's three principal industries | |
| Minor industries and resources | |
| Tripoli Harbor | |
| Commerce of Port of Tripoli | |
| Casualties of one month | |
| Quicksands and reefs | |
| Barbary ports | |
| Arab galleys | |
| Exports | |
| The sponge grounds | |
| Some unpleasant facts | |
| Treatment of Greek sponge divers | |
| Greek hospital staff | |
| Methods of diving | |
| Divers' paralysis | |
| Theory concerning it | |
| Cure | |
| A fatal case | |
| Aboard a sponge boat | |
| Methods of fishing | |
| A sponge fleet | |
| Depth and time of diving | |
| Diver and shark | |
| Preparing for the season | |
| Outfitting | |
| Contract conditions | |
| Pay | |
| The day's work | |
| Preparing for the descent | |
| The descent | |
| Obtaining sponges | |
| Qualities | |
| What the diver sees | |
| Manner of ascent | |
| Brutality practised | |
| Preparation of sponges | |
| Value | |
| Bleaching | |
| Night on a sponge boat | |
| The end of the season | |
| The Esparto Pickers | p. 145 |
| Esparto grass or halfa | |
| Esparto regions | |
| Esparto pickers | |
| Description of grass | |
| Wages | |
| Methods of gathering | |
| Dangers | |
| Consequences | |
| Loading camels | |
| Halfa season | |
| Transporting | |
| Dangers en route | |
| Importance of esparto trade | |
| Its use | |
| Amount exported | |
| The Suk-el-Halfa | |
| Methods of auctioning the scales | |
| Methods of buying | |
| Market values | |
| Weighing | |
| Ancient devices | |
| Transferring to private suks | |
| An accident | |
| Black workers | |
| A sad scene | |
| Qualities of esparto | |
| Scorpions | |
| Hydraulic presses | |
| Baling up | |
| The day's work | |
| Paying off | |
| The Black village | |
| An incoming steamer | |
| Exportation of halfa | |
| American shipping | |
| Preparing halfa for shipment | |
| Manner of shipping | |
| Disasters | |
| Thieving propensities of stevedores | |
| A dire instance | |
| Relative importance of trade | |
| A summing up | |
| Its other uses | |
| The Caravan Trade | p. 173 |
| The gateway to the Sahara | |
| The Sahara | |
| Area | |
| Population | |
| The trade routes | |
| Ghadames | |
| The Caravan trade | |
| Tripoli merchants | |
| Profits and losses | |
| Caravans | |
| Sudanese marts | |
| The voyage | |
| Cargoes | |
| Camels used | |
| Caravan sheiks | |
| The firman | |
| Privilege for an Occidental to travel | |
| Securing a dragoman | |
| Outfitting | |
| The horse-trader | |
| Starting with a caravan | |
| Meeting the caravan sheik | |
| Mohammed Ga-wah-je | |
| Through the oasis | |
| A caravan on the march at night | |
| A stop at Fonduk-el-Tajura | |
| Fonduks described | |
| The caravan at rest | |
| The day's fare | |
| Night in the fonduk | |
| The start | |
| Early morning | |
| The desert | |
| Caravan trails | |
| The warm rains | |
| Wells | |
| Manner of travelling | |
| The midday rest | |
| Uses and abuses of the baracan | |
| Passing caravans | |
| Desert Incidents | p. 193 |
| Bedawi | |
| Manner of life | |
| Occupations | |
| Women | |
| Appearances | |
| Labor | |
| Social system | |
| A home-ward-bound caravan | |
| Its merchandise | |
| A high temperature | |
| Monotony of travel | |
| Fascination of little things | |
| Caravaneers | |
| Desert thieves | |
| The sand-storm | |
| Murzuk | |
| Slaves | |
| The Sect of the Senusi | |
| A bit of deception | |
| A camp in a garden | |
| Night marauders | |
| The old caravaneer's story | |
| A caravan attacked | |
| Value of goods lost | |
| Tripoli's caravan trade diminishing | |
| Camel Trails | p. 208 |
| Acquaintance with the camel | |
| An epitome of the desert | |
| His history | |
| Kinds of camels | |
| Bargaining | |
| Breeds of camels | |
| Meaning of dromedary | |
| Riding a baggager | |
| Driving a camel | |
| Camels in market | |
| Feeding | |
| The camel market | |
| Breeding places | |
| Camel raisers | |
| Buying a camel | |
| Biters | |
| Means of defence and attack | |
| Character | |
| Camel doctor | |
| Passing in a narrow way | |
| A mehari or riding camel | |
| Comparison with draft camel | |
| Manner of riding | |
| Equipment | |
| Travelling ability of mehara | |
| Dismounting | |
| Closer acquaintance with the camel | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Hallil and his white nakat (she camel) | |
| Drinking | |
| Adjustment of loads | |
| Saddles | |
| Camel's adaptation to environment | |
| Desert songs | |
| Camel lore | |
| A black camel | |
| Manner of driving camels | |
| Punishment | |
| Mortality | |
| Dangers of bad ground | |
| Old Bakri and his blind camel | |
| A camel's last days | |
| A Night's Ride with Arab Bandits | p. 234 |
| Desert travelling | |
| People met with | |
| Consideration of diet | |
| Clothes | |
| Camping outfit | |
| Obtaining food | |
| Birds | |
| Bedawi | |
| Boundary marks | |
| Hard travelling | |
| Muraiche suspected | |
| Arrival at Khoms | |
| The burden of the trail | |
| Audience with Governor | |
| Visit Roman ruins | |
| A Roman harbor | |
| Grounds for suspicion | |
| Men mutiny | |
| Start for Kussabat delayed | |
| Good advice | |
| A late start | |
| View of Khoms | |
| Guard unwelcome | |
| Leadership decided | |
| Night schemes | |
| Apprehensions | |
| Small caravan passed | |
| Followed by thieves | |
| Attempt to ambush | |
| Strategy necessary | |
| Use Muraiche as screen | |
| Ali tries to run | |
| Mohammed attempts to strike | |
| Reached Kussabat | |
| Sleep on a fonduk roof | |
| The reason for treachery | |
| Guard leaves | |
| Journey continued | |
| A brief rest | |
| A night's sleep | |
| A Desert Episode | p. 263 |
| A desert fortress | |
| Suspected | |
| A desert hostelry | |
| Native curiosity | |
| A Turkish officer | |
| Cross examination | |
| Firman demanded | |
| Officer intrudes | |
| An unwelcome invitation | |
| An Arabian night | |
| The Turk returns | |
| Attempts force | |
| Remain at lokanda | |
| Lokanda locked for the night | |
| Go outside | |
| Lokanda under surveillance | |
| Awakened by soldier | |
| Officer appears | |
| Accompanies us | |
| Later sends soldiers | |
| Fast travelling | |
| The guards tire | |
| Guards eluded | |
| Accosted by Zabtie | |
| Reach Tripoli | |
| See Pasha | |
| The Desert | p. 279 |
| The call of the desert | |
| Its areas | |
| Character | |
| Desert races | |
| Water | |
| Wells | |
| Sand formations | |
| Sandstorms | |
| Passing caravans | |
| Desert as a highway | |
| Ancient peoples | |
| Economic possibilities | |
| Economic value of desert | |
| Past and present | |
| A desert theory | |
| Sudan encroaching | |
| A desert night | |
| Tripoli today and to-morrow | |
| Libia Italiana | p. 298 |
| Peaceful Tripoli | |
| First shell fired | |
| Tripoli demoralized | |
| Mediterranean and balance of power | |
| Pan-Germanism | |
| Chauvinism | |
| Triple Alliance | |
| Berlin Treaty and Tripolitania | |
| Tobruk Bay | |
| Causes of Italian aggression and ultimatum | |
| "Sick Man of Europe" | |
| Spies in Tripolitania | |
| Moral, political, and military view-points | |
| Respective navies | |
| Turks scuttle their ships | |
| Tripoli defences | |
| Nechet Bey | |
| Humanity of Turks | |
| Oasis an armed camp | |
| Desert phantoms | |
| North African campaign compared | |
| Desert warfare | |
| Transportation and water | |
| Italy's plan of campaign | |
| Cafes and "movies" | |
| Sand sculptures | |
| Campaign scourges | |
| Italian military resources | |
| Turkish resources | |
| Pan-Islamism | |
| Secret sect of the Senousi | |
| Enver Bey | |
| Desert communication | |
| Airships and automobiles | |
| Italian reprisals | |
| Turks wonderful fighters | |
| The Peace of Lausanne | |
| Some treaty terms | |
| Italian sovereignty proclaimed from Castle | |
| The Price of a Colony | p. 328 |
| Italy's real-estate venture | |
| Its cost | |
| Turkey now a connected empire | |
| Cost of the war | |
| Its monetary levy enormous | |
| Fearful toll in men | |
| Cost of developing Tripolitania | |
| Its comerce | |
| Labor | |
| Arabs migrating | |
| Crowded Italy | |
| An economic viewpoint | |
| Of three El Dorados | |
| Which? | |
| Hard times a war result | |
| Methods of obtaining water | |
| Floods | |
| Date palms | |
| Other products | |
| Effect of over-taxation | |
| The great carriers | |
| Harnessing rivers | |
| Ancient cultivators | |
| Progress of Italian occupation | |
| Organizing native troops | |
| Continued fighting | |
| Methods of Amelioration | |
| Arab police | |
| Hassuna Pasha | |
| Administration | |
| Improvements | |
| Aftermath in Italy of the war | |
| Schools for Arabs | |
| Restoration of old arch | |
| Harbor projects | |
| Grave of the Philadelphia | |
| Commerce and trade | |
| Tripolitania a long problem | |
| Comparison with Tunisia and Algeria | |
| Does war pay to the victor? | |
| The new Italy | |
| The new Tripoli | |
| Glossary | p. 355 |
| Index | p. 359 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
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