Gay and Lesbian Americans and Political

A groundbreaking volume surveying the contributions that gay and lesbian Americans have made to the democratic process.

Foreword

xi

Tammy Baldwin

Series Foreword

xiii

Raymond A. Smith

Preface

xv

Overview

1

(40)

Basic Definitions

2

(3)

Demographics

5

(4)

History of the LGBT Movement

9

(3)

Positioning LGBT People in U.S. Politics

12

(3)

Internal Politics of the LGBT Community

15

(4)

Typology of Political Views

19

(2)

Appendix: New Data on LGBT Political Participation

21

(18)

References and Further Reading

39

(2)

Protest Politics

41

(30)

A History of LGBT Protest Politics

42

(10)

The Logic of Protest: LGBT Pride Marches

52

(15)

Conclusion

67

(1)

References and Further Reading

68

(3)

Interest Group and Social Movement Participation

71

(58)

The Homophile Movement

72

(3)

The Gay Liberation Movement and Lesbian Feminism

75

(3)

AIDS Activism and Assimilation

78

(6)

The 1990s and Beyond

84

(3)

Organized Local Groups

87

(11)

Transgender Groups

98

(4)

Organized National LGBT Groups

102

(16)

National Interest Group Relationships

118

(4)

Conclusion

122

(1)

References and Further Reading

123

(6)

Electoral and Political Party Participation

129

(54)

Voting Behavior: The ``Lavender Vote'' Thesis

130

(4)

Getting Out the Vote

134

(8)

The LGBT Vote at the Local Level

142

(4)

The LGBT Vote at the State Level

146

(2)

The LGBT Vote at the National Level: Congressional and Presidential Races

148

(10)

Political Party Involvement

158

(17)

Conclusion

175

(1)

References and Further Reading

176

(7)

Being ``Out'' in Public Life

183

(52)

Public Opinion

186

(4)

Why Does It Matter? LGBT Officials and Political Representation

190

(3)

Elected Officials

193

(16)

Appointed Officials

209

(13)

Unofficial Public Figures and Movement Leaders

222

(7)

Conclusion

229

(1)

References and Further Reading

230

(5)

Documents

235

(20)

Bowers v. Hardwick and the Zone of Privacy

235

(4)

Romer v. Evans and Equal Protection under the Law

239

(4)

Baker v. State (of Vermont) and Same-Sex Marriage

243

(3)

The Denver Principles, ACT UP, and the Politics of AIDS

246

(2)

Executive Orders Barring Discrimination

248

(2)

Pride Proclamation

250

(2)

Coming Out Statement of U.S. Representative Jim Kolbe

252

(3)

Key People, Laws, and Terms

255

(12)

Resources

267

(18)

Selected National Groups

267

(5)

Selected State and Local Groups

272

(11)

Selected Information, Media, and Resources

283

(2)

Chronology

285

(34)

Annotated Bibliography

319

(6)

Index

325

(14)

About the Authors

339

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Gay and Lesbian Americans and Political Participation

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials