Gendered Lives (Non-InfoTrac Version)
, by Wood, Julia T.- ISBN: 9780534571627 | 053457162X
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 4/6/2000
Introduction: Opening the Conversation | p. 1 |
The Social Construction of Inequality | p. 2 |
Feminism--Feminisms | p. 4 |
Becoming Aware | p. 6 |
Why I Wrote this Book | p. 8 |
Communication as the Fulcrum of Change | p. 10 |
The Challenge of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture | p. 11 |
Discussion Questions | p. 12 |
Conceptual Foundations | |
The Study of Communication, Gender, and Culture | p. 14 |
Communication, Gender, and Culture as an Area of Study | p. 15 |
Knowledge of Gender, Communication, and Culture | p. 15 |
Student Interest | p. 15 |
The Value of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture | p. 15 |
The Meaning of Gender in a Transitional Era | p. 16 |
Confusing Attitudes | p. 16 |
Differences Between Women and Men | p. 18 |
Relationships Among Gender, Culture, and Communication | p. 19 |
Gender and Sex | p. 19 |
Sex | p. 20 |
Gender | p. 22 |
Culture | p. 28 |
Communication | p. 30 |
Communication is a dynamic process | p. 31 |
Communication is systemic | p. 31 |
Communication has two levels of meaning | p. 32 |
Meanings are created through human interaction with symbols | p. 33 |
Summary | p. 35 |
Discussion Questions | p. 36 |
Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development | p. 38 |
Theoretical Approaches to Gender | p. 40 |
Biological Influences on Gender | p. 40 |
Interpersonal Influences on Gender | p. 45 |
Psychodynamic theory of gender development | p. 46 |
Psychological theories of gender development | p. 48 |
Cultural Influences on Gender | p. 51 |
Anthropology | p. 52 |
Symbolic interactionism | p. 53 |
Standpoint theory | p. 57 |
Summary | p. 61 |
Discussion Questions | p. 61 |
The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender: Women's, Men's, and Gender Movements in America | p. 63 |
Women's Movements | p. 64 |
The First Wave of Women's Movements in the United States | p. 65 |
Women's rights movement | p. 65 |
The cult of domesticity | p. 67 |
The Second Wave of Women's Movements in the United States | p. 69 |
Radical feminism | p. 69 |
Liberal feminism | p. 71 |
Separatism | p. 75 |
Structural feminists | p. 76 |
Lesbian feminists | p. 77 |
Revalorists | p. 78 |
Womanists | p. 79 |
Power feminism | p. 81 |
The Third Wave of Women's Movements in the United States | p. 84 |
Men's Movements | p. 87 |
Profeminist Men's Movements | p. 88 |
Promasculinist Men's Movements | p. 91 |
Free men | p. 92 |
Mythopoetic men | p. 93 |
Promise Keepers | p. 96 |
Million Man March | p. 98 |
Other Movements Focused on Gender | p. 100 |
The Backlash | p. 100 |
Ecofeminism | p. 102 |
Summary | p. 104 |
Discussion Questions | p. 105 |
Gendered Verbal Communication | p. 107 |
The Nature of Human Communication | p. 108 |
Verbal Communication Expresses Cultural Views of Gender | p. 108 |
Language Defines Gender | p. 109 |
Male generic language excludes women | p. 109 |
Language defines men and women differently | p. 111 |
Language names what exists | p. 113 |
Language Organizes Perceptions of Gender | p. 115 |
Stereotyping gender | p. 115 |
Encouraging polarized thinking | p. 116 |
Language Evaluates Gender | p. 117 |
Language Enables Hypothetical Thought | p. 118 |
Language Allows Self-Reflection | p. 119 |
Language Is a Process | p. 120 |
Gendered Interaction: Masculine and Feminine Styles of Verbal Communication | p. 120 |
Gendered Speech Communities | p. 121 |
The Lessons of Childplay | p. 122 |
Boys' games | p. 122 |
Girls' games | p. 123 |
Gendered Communication Practices | p. 125 |
Women's speech | p. 125 |
Men's speech | p. 128 |
Misinterpretations Between Women and Men | p. 130 |
Showing support | p. 130 |
"Troubles talk" | p. 131 |
The point of the story | p. 132 |
Relationship talk | p. 133 |
Public speaking | p. 133 |
Summary | p. 134 |
Discussion Questions | p. 135 |
Gendered Nonverbal Communication | p. 137 |
Functions of Nonverbal Communication | p. 138 |
Nonverbal Communication Can Supplement Verbal Communication | p. 138 |
Non verbal Communication Can Regulate Interaction | p. 139 |
Nonverbal Communication Can Establish the Relationship Level of Meaning | p. 139 |
Responsiveness | p. 139 |
Liking | p. 142 |
Power or control | p. 143 |
Forms of Nonverbal Communication | p. 143 |
Artifacts | p. 144 |
Proximity and Personal Space | p. 146 |
Haptics (Touch) | p. 148 |
Kinesics (Facial and Body Motion) | p. 149 |
Paralanguage | p. 150 |
Physical Characteristics | p. 151 |
Implications of Gendered Nonverbal Communication | p. 157 |
The Cultural Context of Nonverbal Communication | p. 157 |
Respecting Differences in Nonverbal Communication | p. 159 |
Summary | p. 160 |
Discussion Questions | p. 161 |
Gendered Communication in Practice | |
Gendered Family Dynamics | p. 163 |
Entering a Gendered Society | p. 164 |
Self-as-Object | p. 164 |
Monitoring | p. 165 |
Gendering Communication in the Family | p. 165 |
Unconscious Processes: Identification and Internalization | p. 166 |
Ego Boundaries | p. 170 |
Parental Attitudes About Gender | p. 172 |
Parental Communication About Gender | p. 173 |
Parental Modeling | p. 175 |
Different Contributions of Mothers and Fathers | p. 177 |
The Personal Side of the Gender Drama | p. 179 |
Growing Up Masculine | p. 179 |
Growing Up Feminine | p. 183 |
Summary | p. 190 |
Discussion Questions | p. 191 |
Gendered Close Relationships | p. 193 |
The Meaning of Personal Relationships | p. 194 |
Defining Personal Relationships | p. 194 |
Gender and Closeness | p. 195 |
Male deficit model | p. 195 |
Alternate paths model | p. 196 |
Gendered Friendships | p. 198 |
Commonalities in Women's and Men's Friendships | p. 198 |
Differences Between Women's and Men's Friendships | p. 198 |
Women's Friendships: Closeness in Dialogue | p. 199 |
Men's Friendships: Closeness in the Doing | p. 201 |
Friendships Between Women and Men | p. 203 |
Gendered Romantic Relationships | p. 205 |
Developing Romantic Intimacy | p. 206 |
Engaging in Committed Relationships | p. 208 |
Gendered modes of expressing care | p. 208 |
Gendered preferences for autonomy and connection | p. 210 |
Gendered responsibility for relational health | p. 212 |
Gendered power dynamics | p. 212 |
Summary | p. 218 |
Discussion Questions | p. 219 |
Gendered Education: Communication in School Settings | p. 221 |
The Organization of Schools | p. 223 |
Schools Perpetuate Gender Inequities | p. 223 |
Schools Limit Career Aspirations | p. 224 |
Schools Have Few Female and Minority Role Models | p. 224 |
Curricular Content | p. 226 |
Misrepresentation of White Men as Standard | p. 226 |
The Invisibility of Women | p. 227 |
Misrepresentation of Human Experiences | p. 229 |
Educational Processes | p. 230 |
Unequal Attention to Male and Female Students | p. 230 |
Not Taking Women Students Seriously | p. 231 |
Classroom Communication | p. 232 |
Gender biases in teachers' communication | p. 232 |
Communication among peers | p. 236 |
Instructional style | p. 237 |
Summary | p. 240 |
Discussion Questions | p. 241 |
Gendered Organizational Communication | p. 243 |
Institutional Stereotypes of Women and Men | p. 244 |
Stereotypes of Women | p. 244 |
Sex object | p. 244 |
Mother | p. 245 |
Child | p. 246 |
Iron maiden | p. 248 |
Stereotypes of Men | p. 249 |
Sturdy oak | p. 249 |
Fighter | p. 249 |
Breadwinner | p. 250 |
Evaluation of Stereotypes | p. 252 |
Misunderstandings of Professional Communication | p. 252 |
Male Standards in Institutions | p. 252 |
Masculine Definitions of Professional Communication | p. 254 |
Static (or Unchanging) Views of Communication | p. 256 |
Misperceptions of Men's and Women's Ability to Work Together | p. 258 |
Gendered Communication Systems in Organizations | p. 259 |
Leave Policies and Work Schedules | p. 259 |
Leave policies | p. 259 |
Work schedules | p. 261 |
Communication Climates in Organizations | p. 263 |
Hostile environments for women | p. 263 |
The informal network | p. 264 |
Mentor relationships | p. 265 |
Glass Ceilings--and Walls? | p. 266 |
Efforts to Redress Gendered Inequity in Institutions | p. 267 |
Equal Opportunity Laws | p. 268 |
Affirmative Action Policies | p. 269 |
Quotas and Goals | p. 271 |
Quotas | p. 271 |
Goals | p. 272 |
Increasing Sensitivity to Gender Issues | p. 274 |
Summary | p. 275 |
Discussion Questions | p. 276 |
Gendered Media: Media's Influence on Gender | p. 279 |
The Prevalence of Media in Cultural Life | p. 280 |
Themes in Media | p. 281 |
Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities | p. 281 |
Stereotypical Portrayals of Men and Women | p. 283 |
Stereotypical portrayals of men | p. 283 |
Stereotypical portrayals of women | p. 285 |
Stereotypical Images of Relationships Between Men and Women | p. 287 |
Women's dependence/men's independence | p. 287 |
Women's incompetence/men's authority | p. 289 |
Women as primary caregivers/men as breadwinners | p. 290 |
Women as victims and sex objects/men as aggressors | p. 292 |
Bias in News Coverage | p. 294 |
Implications of Media Representations of Gender | p. 298 |
Fostering Unrealistic and Limited Gender Ideals | p. 298 |
Pathologizing the Human Body | p. 300 |
Normalizing Violence Against Women | p. 304 |
Summary | p. 305 |
Discussion Questions | p. 306 |
Gendered Power and Violence | p. 308 |
The Social Construction of Gendered Violence | p. 309 |
The Many Faces of Gendered Violence | p. 310 |
Gender Intimidation | p. 310 |
Sexual Assault | p. 311 |
Abuse Between Intimates | p. 314 |
Sexual Harassment | p. 319 |
Quid pro quo | p. 320 |
Hostile environment | p. 320 |
Whose perspective counts? | p. 321 |
Genital Mutilation | p. 322 |
Male circumcision | p. 322 |
Sunna | p. 322 |
Excision or clitoridectomy | p. 323 |
Infibulation | p. 323 |
Gender-Based Murder | p. 326 |
Social Foundations of Gendered Violence | p. 327 |
Normalization of Violence in Media | p. 328 |
Normalization of Violence by Institutions | p. 329 |
Family | p. 329 |
Law enforcement | p. 330 |
Counseling | p. 331 |
Language | p. 332 |
Resisting Gendered Violence: Where Do We Go from Here? | p. 333 |
Personal Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence | p. 333 |
Social Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence | p. 334 |
Summary | p. 336 |
Discussion Questions | p. 337 |
Epilogue: Looking Backward, Looking Forward | p. 339 |
The Cultural Construction and Reconstruction of Gender | p. 340 |
Looking Backward, Looking Forward | p. 341 |
Communication | p. 341 |
Women's communication | p. 341 |
Men's communication | p. 342 |
Gender and communication in the future | p. 342 |
Women's and Men's Movements | p. 342 |
Liberal feminism | p. 342 |
The future of feminism | p. 343 |
Men's movements | p. 343 |
Gender in Education | p. 344 |
Reducing gender discrimination | p. 344 |
Future gender issues in education | p. 344 |
Gender in Media | p. 345 |
Changes in women in media | p. 345 |
Mediated gender in the future | p. 346 |
Liberal and structural feminist views of women | p. 346 |
Gender in Personal Relationships | p. 348 |
Changes in gender relations | p. 348 |
Addressing gender divisions | p. 348 |
Gender and Violence | p. 350 |
Gender in Institutional Settings | p. 351 |
Women's positions in institutions | p. 351 |
Valuing diversity in institutional life | p. 352 |
Social support for families | p. 352 |
Creating the Future | p. 352 |
Defining Masculinity and Femininity | p. 353 |
Responding to Differences | p. 354 |
Redefining Culture | p. 355 |
Taking a Voice | p. 356 |
Discussion Questions | p. 357 |
Glossary | p. 359 |
References | p. 365 |
Index | p. 411 |
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