Genes and DNA

, by Omoto, Charlotte K.; Lurquin, Paul F.

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ISBN: 9780231130127 | 0231130120
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/1/2004

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

-- P.M. Watt, Science and Technology

Acknowledgments

xiii

List of Contributors

Preface: Why Is Genetics Important?

xvii

Chapter 1. What Are Genes?

(18)

DNA

(1)

DNA Can Be Specifically Stained and Observed in Cells

(1)

DNA Determines Genetic Properties in Bacteria

(3)

DNA Is a Double Helix

(3)

Transfer of Genetic Information to Progeny

(1)

DNA Can Be Replicated in the Test Tube

(7)

Summary

(1)

Try This at Home: Extract DNA from Vegetables in Your Kitchen

(2)

Box 1.1. PCR and Identification

(4)

Chapter 2. Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits

(15)

Plants Are Good Organisms for the Study of Inheritance

(1)

Genes Do Not Blend

(1)

Rules of Inheritance

(1)

Behavior of Chromosomes

(1)

The Punnett Square

(4)

Incomplete Dominance

(1)

Sex Is Also Determined by Inheritance Rules

(4)

Summary

(1)

Chapter 3. Mendelian Traits in Humans

(19)

Blood Types

(1)

Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia

(2)

Sex-Linked Traits: Color Blindness

(1)

Prostate and Breast Cancer

(2)

Genetic Metabolic Diseases

(2)

Sickle-cell Anemia

(1)

Hemochromatosis

(2)

Another Sex-Influenced Trait: Male Pattern Baldness

(1)

Dominant Genetic Diseases

(1)

Pedigree Analysis

(5)

Summary

(1)

Try This at Home: Pedigree Game

(3)

Box 3.1. Warning on Diet Products

(13)

Chapter 4. From Genes to Phenotype

(17)

Transcription

(2)

Translation

(5)

Changes in DNA Modify the Amino Acid Sequences of Proteins

(2)

Gene Regulation

(4)

Summary

(1)

Try This at Home: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Game

(2)

Box 4.1 Why People Are Saving Their Babies' Cord Blood

(5)

Chapter 5. Using Bacteria as Protein Factories

(9)

Tools for Manufacturing Proteins

(3)

Using Restriction Enzymes and Plasmids to Clone a Gene

(1)

Producing Human Proteins in E.Coli

(2)

Medically Important Human Proteins Made in E.Coli

(2)

Summary

(1)

Chapter 6. Genetically Modified Plants

(14)

What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (CMOs)?

(1)

Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer

(1)

Biolistics

(5)

Genetic Modifications

(2)

Genetically Modified Nonfood Plants

(2)

Ecological Issues

(1)

Labeling Issues and Food Safety

(1)

Summary

(1)

Box 6.1: Detecting Foreign Genes in Genetically Modified Plants

(8)

Chapter 7. When Things Go Wrong

(11)

Errors in Chromosome Number

(1)

Multiple Sets of Chromosomes

(2)

Looking at Our Chromosomes

(1)

Changes in the DNA Base Sequence

(5)

Triplet Repeat Errors

102

(1)

Summary

103

(1)

Chapter 8. Mutagens, Teratogens, and Human Reproduction

104

(10)

Spontaneous Mutations

104

(1)

Mutagens

105

(2)

How Do We Detect Mutagens?

107

(2)

Teratogens

109

(3)

Human Reproduction

112

(1)

Summary

113

(1)

Box 8.1: Why There Were Few Thalidomide-Caused Birth Defects in the United States

110

(4)

Chapter 9. Linkage and Mapping: Gene Discovery

114

(24)

There Are Many Genes on Each Chromosome

114

(1)

Independent Assortment of Genes

115

(3)

Linkage

118

(1)

Recombination

119

(4)

Linkage to a DNA Marker

123

(8)

The Human Genome Project and Others

131

(1)

Discovering Disease Genes in Humans

132

(1)

Summary

133

(1)

Try This at Home: Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and the Making of a Unique Individual

133

(2)

Try This at Home: Explore Genetics Databases

135

(3)

Box 9.1: Identifying Disease Genes Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

126

(2)

Box 9.2: Identifying a Disease-Resistance Gene in Barley Through Map-Based Cloning

128

(10)

Chapter 10. Genetics of Populations and Genetic Testing

138

(15)

Why Don't We Observe 3 to 1 Ratios of Dominant Versus Recessive Traits in Populations?

138

(1)

Predicting the Genotype of the Next Generation Using the Punnett Square

139

(3)

Conditions for Observing Constant Gene and Genotype Frequencies

142

(1)

Another Application of the Hardy-Weinberg Law

143

(2)

Predicting Gene Frequency for a Recessive Trait

145

(2)

Gene Frequencies Vary in Different Populations

147

(1)

Newborn Testing and Conditional Probability

148

(3)

Predicting Genotype Frequency for Sex-Linked Traits

151

(1)

Summary

152

(1)

Chapter 11. Survival of the Fittest?

153

(22)

What Is Meant by Fitness?

153

(1)

Selection Requires Variation.

154

(1)

Selection Can Result in Reduced Genetic Diversity

155

(1)

Natural Selection Determined Skin Color in Humans

156

(1)

Fitness Depends Upon the Environment

157

(1)

Selection and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

158

(3)

Heterozygous Advantage

161

(2)

Why Do Dominant Genetic Diseases Exist?

163

(1)

Small Populations

164

(6)

Summary

170

(1)

Box 11.1: DNA Sequences Provide Clues to Human Evolution: The Founder Effect in Prehistoric Africa

165

(6)

Try This at Home: Demonstrations of the Effects of Small Population Size

171

(4)

Chapter 12. Nature Versus Nurture

175

(12)

Polygenic Traits Are Additive

176

(2)

Polygenic Traits Exhibit Continuous Variation in Phenotype

178

(2)

Polygenic Traits Are Influenced by the Environment

180

(1)

Measuring Variance in Traits and Estimating Heritability

181

(2)

Twin Studies Are Helpful in Studying Polygenic Traits in Humans

183

(1)

Quantitative Traits in Medicine and Agriculture

184

(2)

Summary

186

(1)

Chapter 13. Genetically Modified Animals and the Applications of Gene Technology for Humans

187

(12)

Cloning Animals by the Nuclear-Transfer Technique

187

(1)

Genetically Modifying Animals Using Embryonic Stem Cells

188

(2)

Uses of Genetically Modified Animals

190

(2)

Human Gene Therapy

192

(3)

Human Reproductive Cloning

195

(2)

Human Therapeutic Cloning

197

(1)

Summary

197

(2)

Appendix A. Internet Resources

199

(4)

Appendix B. Glossary of Scientific Names of Organisms

203

(2)

Appendix C. Glossary of Human Genetic Diseases

205

(2)

Appendix D. Glossary of Terms

207

(6)

Index

213

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Genes and DNA

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Genes and DNA

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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