Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement: Vegetable Crops, Volume 3

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ISBN: 9780849396465 | 0849396468
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/7/2006

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The third volume of this essential series furnishes information on the availability of germplasm resources and their diversity that breeders can exploit for producing high-yielding vegetable crop varieties. Written by leading international experts, it offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on genetic resources and their utilization for increasing the yield of those vegetable crops that provide a main source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants.

Landmark Research in Vegetable Crops

(16)

Ram J. Singh

Ales Lebeda

Introduction

(1)

Importance of Vegetable Crops

(3)

Establishment of International and National Programs

(3)

Development of Vegetable Crops Industries

(1)

Gene Pools for Vegetable Crops

(1)

Primary Gene Pool

(1)

Secondary Gene Pool

(1)

Tertiary Gene Pool

(1)

Germplasm Resources for Vegetable Crops

(2)

Germplasm Enhancement for Vegetable Crops

(3)

Breeding for High Yield

(1)

Breeding for Nutritional and Medicinal Value

(1)

Breeding for Plant Ideotypes

(1)

Breeding for Marketability

(1)

Development of Breeding Methods

(1)

Conclusions

(3)

References

(2)

Potato

(42)

Richard E. Veilleux

Hielke (``Henry'') De Jong

Introduction

(3)

Taxonomy

(1)

Germplasm Resources and Gene Pools

(3)

Germplasm Resources

(1)

Gene Pools

(3)

Cytogenetics

(3)

Genome Relationships

(1)

Chromosome Mapping by Cytogenetics and Molecular Methods

(1)

Current Genetic Map

(1)

Marker-Assisted Selection and Association Genetics

(1)

Conventional Breeding

(3)

Germplasm Utilization and Enhancement

(14)

Intraspecific and Interspecific Hybridization

(2)

Wide Hybridization

(1)

Genetic Transformation

(2)

Insect Resistance

(1)

Pathogen Resistance

(1)

Medicinal Use of Transgenic Potato

(1)

Novel Use of Transgenics

(1)

Miscellaneous

(1)

True Potato Seed

(1)

Apomixis

(1)

Mutation Breeding

(1)

Somaclonal Variation

(5)

Conclusion

(14)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(14)

Tomato

(56)

Yuanfu Ji

J. W. Scott

Introduction

(1)

Taxonomy

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Early Taxonomic Status of Tomato

(1)

Crossing Relationships

(2)

Mating Systems

(1)

A Recent Taxonomic Treatment

(1)

Germplasm Resources and Genetic Variation

(4)

Germplasm Resources

(1)

Genetic Variation

(1)

Mutation

(1)

Chromosome Variation

(2)

Variation within the Wild Species

(1)

Introgression

(1)

Cytogenetics

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Genome Relationship

(1)

Chromosome Mapping by Cytogenetics

(1)

Cytological Identification of Tomato Chromosomes

(1)

Trisomic Analysis

(1)

Chromosome Deletion Mapping

(1)

Chromosome Mapping by Molecular Cytogenetics

(2)

Centromere Mapping

(1)

Current Genetic Linkage Maps

(1)

Germplasm Utilization and Enhancement

(21)

Conventional Breeding

(3)

Disease Resistance

(1)

Insect Resistance

(1)

Environmental Stress Resistance

(1)

Breeding Tomato for Fruit Quality

(1)

Wide Hybridization

(1)

Interspecific Hybridization

(2)

Intergeneric Hybridization

(1)

Hybrid Tomato Breeding

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Breeding of Tomato Hybrids

(1)

Hybrid Seed Production

(1)

Marker Assisted Selection

(4)

Tissue Culture as a Tool for Tomato Improvement

(1)

Selection for Abiotic Stresses Tolerance

(1)

Selection for Disease Resistance

(1)

Development of Haploids

(1)

Development of Somatic Hybrids through Protoplast Fusion

(1)

Development of Sexual Hybrids through Embryo Rescue

(1)

Genetic Transformation of Tomato

(1)

Herbicide Tolerance

(1)

Insect Resistance

(1)

Virus Resistance

(1)

Other Disease Resistance

(1)

Abiotic Stress Tolerance

(1)

Genetic Engineering of Fruit Quality and Other Attributes

(1)

Concluding Remarks

(22)

References

(22)

Brassica Vegetable Crops

115

(32)

N. Inomata

Introduction

115

(1)

Origin and Distribution

116

(1)

Genomic and Molecular Relationships among Brassica Crops

117

(1)

Overcoming Crossing-Incompatibility through Sexual Hybridization, Embryo Rescue, and Protoplast Fusion

118

(4)

Conventional Crossing

118

(1)

Embryo Culture

119

(1)

Embryo Rescue

120

(1)

Somatic Hybrids by Protoplast Fusion

120

(2)

Concequence of Escaped Genes from Transgenic Plants

122

(2)

Introgression of Genes from Wild Relatives to Brassica Crops

124

(1)

Chromosome Association in the F1 Hybrids and the F1 Hybrids as a Bridge Plant

124

(9)

Introgression of Genes and Their Cytogenetic Stability

133

(2)

Summary

135

(12)

Acknowledgments

135

(1)

References

136

(11)

Okra (Abelmoschus spp.)

147

(38)

I. S. Bisht

K. V. Bhat

Introduction

148

(1)

Description and Crop Production

148

(1)

Botany and Floral Biology

148

(1)

World Production Area and Utilization

149

(1)

Origin, Domestication, and Dispersion

149

(2)

Taxonomy

151

(1)

Distribution of Abelmoschus Species

152

(5)

Abelmoschus angulosus Wall ex W. and A

152

(1)

Abelmoschus crinitus Wall

152

(2)

Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) W. and A. ex Wight

154

(1)

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medikus

154

(1)

Abelmoschus manihot ssp. tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (Roxb.ex Hornem.) Borss

155

(1)

Abelmoschus manihot ssp. tetraphyllus var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr

155

(1)

Abelmoschus manihot ssp. tertaphyllus var. megaspermus Hemadri

155

(1)

Abelmoschus moschatus Medikus

155

(1)

Abelmoschus tuberculatus Pal and Singh

155

(1)

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

156

(1)

Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels

156

(1)

Cytogenetics

157

(3)

Cytogenetic Relationship among Taxa

157

(1)

Interspecific Hybridization

158

(1)

Between Ploidy Level 1 Species

158

(1)

Between Ploidy Level 1 and Ploidy Level 2 Species

158

(1)

Between Ploidy Level 2 Species

159

(1)

With the Ploidy Level 3 Species

159

(1)

Genetics

160

(2)

Genetic Resources

162

(11)

Germplasm Exploration and Collection

162

(1)

Germplasm Evaluation

163

(1)

Morphological Characterization

163

(5)

Molecular Characterization

168

(1)

Sources/Donors for Various Traits

169

(1)

Systematic Collection and Evaluation Efforts from Other Countries

170

(1)

Genetic Erosion

171

(1)

Germplasm Conservation

171

(1)

Germplasm Utilization

171

(2)

Breeding and Crop Improvement

173

(4)

Breeding Objectives

173

(1)

Breeding Methods

174

(1)

Plant Introduction

174

(1)

Pure Line Selection

174

(1)

Hybridization

174

(1)

Distant Hybridization in Abelmoschus Species

174

(1)

Mutation Breeding

175

(1)

Polyploid Breeding

175

(1)

Heterosis

175

(1)

Breeding for Disease/Pest Resistance

175

(1)

Breeding for Quality and Processing Traits

176

(1)

Biotechnology and Its Implication

176

(1)

Tissue Culture

176

(1)

Genetic Engineering

176

(1)

Future Perspectives

177

(8)

References

178

(7)

Capsicum

185

(60)

Caroline Djian-Caporalino

Veronique Lefebvre

Anne-Marie Sage-Daubeze

Alain Palloix

Introduction

186

(1)

Crop Description

187

(13)

World Production and Utilization

187

(1)

Economics of Pepper Production

187

(2)

Diversity of Use from Spirit Nourishment to Diet Enrichment

189

(1)

Plant Traits and Agroclimatic Requirements

190

(1)

Growth Habit and Plant Structure

190

(2)

Reproductive System

192

(1)

Agroclimatic Requirements

193

(1)

Diseases and Pests

193

(1)

Viral Diseases

193

(3)

Fungal Diseases

196

(1)

Bacterial Diseases

197

(1)

Nematodes

198

(1)

Insects and Mites

199

(1)

Origin, Domestication, and Dispersion

200

(2)

Centers of Origin and Domestication

200

(1)

Further Migration and Secondary Centers of Diversification

201

(1)

Present Distribution of Cultivated Species and of Genetic Diversity

202

(1)

Taxonomy and Germplasm Resources

202

(4)

Taxonomy, Relationships between Domesticated and Wild Species

202

(3)

Germplasm Resources

205

(1)

Cytogenetics

206

(11)

Chromosome Structure of Capsicum

206

(1)

Basic Capsicum Karyotypes

206

(1)

Chromosome Interchanges between Capsicum Species

207

(1)

Chromosome Mapping by Cytogenetics and Molecular Methods

208

(1)

Pepper Genetic Linkage Maps

208

(2)

Synteny of Capsicum with Other Solanaceae Species

210

(1)

Mapping Traits of Interest

211

(1)

Genetic Mapping of Mendelian Traits

211

(1)

Quantitative Trait Loci Identification

211

(4)

Comparative Genetic Mapping

215

(1)

Pest and Pathogen Resistance

215

(1)

Horticultural Traits

215

(1)

Loci Characterization: Toward Genes and Functions

216

(1)

Gene Pools

217

(1)

Primary Gene Pools

217

(1)

Secondary Gene Pool

217

(1)

Tertiary Gene Pool

218

(1)

Germplasm Enhancement---Breeding Objectives and Methods

218

(10)

Breeding Objectives

219

(1)

Adaptation to Abiotic Constraints

219

(1)

Plant Ideotypes and Adaptation to Cultivation Practices

219

(1)

Horticultural Types and Fruit Quality

220

(1)

Resistance to Pests and Diseases

221

(1)

Breeding Methods

222

(1)

Conventional (Sexual) Breeding, Exploitation of Intraspecific and Interspecific Variability, Impact of Haploidization and Marker-Assisted Selection

223

(1)

Mutation Breeding and Male Sterility

224

(3)

Gene Transfer through Biotechnology

227

(1)

Future Direction

228

(3)

Genetic Resources: Moving the Priority from Collection to Evaluation and Data Diffusion

228

(1)

Breeding Objectives: Cumulating Previous Genetic Gain and Integrating the Environmental Impact of Cultivars as a Selection Criterium

229

(1)

Breeding Methods: Genomics Information, Basis for Innovative Approaches

230

(1)

Summary

231

(14)

Acknowledgments

232

(1)

References

232

(13)

Allium

245

(26)

Masayoshi Shigyo

Introduction

246

(1)

Gene Pools for Cultivated Alliums

246

(2)

Cytogenetics

248

(13)

Introduction

248

(1)

Establishment of a Complete Set of Allium fistulosum-Allium cepa Monosomic Additions

248

(1)

Application of Molecular Cytogenetics Observation

249

(3)

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Alien Monosomic Addition Lines

252

(2)

Chromosome Mapping by Cytogenetic and Molecular Methods

254

(1)

Isozymes

254

(1)

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

255

(1)

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

256

(1)

Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Genes

257

(2)

Current Genetic Map of Allium cepa

259

(1)

Other Types of Alien Addition Lines

259

(2)

Germplasm Enhancement

261

(4)

Introduction

261

(1)

Fertility and Transmission of the Extra Chromosome in Allium Monosomic Addition Lines

261

(1)

Fertility of Monosomic Addition Lines

261

(2)

Transmission of Alien Chromosomes in A. fistulosum--A. cepa Monosomic Addition Lines

263

(2)

Improvement of Chemical Composition in Allium by Chromosome Engineering

265

(1)

Future Direction

265

(6)

Acknowledgments

266

(1)

References

266

(5)

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

271

(106)

Ales Lebeda

M. P. Widrlechner

J. Staub

H. Ezura

J. Zalapa

E. Kristkova

Introduction

272

(4)

Germplasm Collection, Maintenance, Characterization, and Distribution

276

(11)

Gene Banks and Other Significant Germplasm Collections

276

(1)

Acquisition and Exploration

277

(1)

Collection Regeneration and Maintenance

278

(2)

Germplasm Characterization

280

(5)

Germplasm Descriptors

285

(1)

Germplasm Distribution Analysis and Its Incorporation into Collection Management

286

(1)

Taxonomy

287

(12)

Introduction

287

(1)

Taxonomic Relationships at the Familial Level

288

(1)

General Characterization

289

(1)

Cucumis

289

(4)

Cucurbita

293

(4)

Citrullus

297

(1)

Other Cultivated Genera

298

(1)

Gene Pools and Genetic Diversity

299

(10)

General Characterization

299

(1)

Cucumis

299

(1)

Gene Pools of C. sativus and C. melo

299

(1)

Genetic Diversity of C. sativus and C. melo

300

(5)

Cucurbita

305

(1)

Gene Pools of Cultivated Cucurbita Species

305

(2)

Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Cucurbita Species

307

(1)

Citrullus

308

(1)

Genetic Mapping and Genomics

309

(6)

Introduction

309

(1)

Cucumis sativus

309

(1)

Mapping

309

(1)

QTL Analysis

310

(1)

Application of Marker-Assisted Selection

311

(1)

Cucumis melo

312

(1)

Mapping of Disease and Pest Resistance

313

(1)

Linkage Maps

313

(1)

QTL Analysis and Map Merging

314

(1)

Germplasm Enhancement

315

(24)

Introduction

315

(1)

Gene Pools: Evaluation and Utilization

315

(1)

Horticultural and Agronomic Characteristics

316

(1)

Biochemical and Quality Traits

317

(1)

Reaction to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

317

(4)

Cross-Compatible Breeding Strategies

321

(1)

Interspecific Hybridization: Conventional Approaches

321

(2)

Developing Unique Genetic Stocks

323

(1)

Broadening Genetic Diversity

323

(1)

Cross-Incompatible Breeding Strategies

324

(1)

Biotechnological Approaches

325

(1)

Haploid Technology

325

(3)

Polyploid Technology

328

(1)

Embryo Rescue

329

(2)

Protoplast Culture and Somatic-Cell Fusion

331

(3)

Somaclonal Variation

334

(1)

Genetic Transformation

335

(4)

Conclusions

339

(38)

Acknowledgments

343

(1)

References

344

(33)

Lettuce (Asteraceae; Lactuca spp.)

377

(96)

Ales Lebeda

E. J. Ryder

R. Grube

I. Dolezalova

E. Kristkova

Introduction

378

(6)

Germplasm Collection, Maintenance, Evaluation, and Distribution

384

(17)

Genebanks and Other Significant Germplasm Collections

384

(2)

Acquisition and Exploration

386

(2)

Collection Regeneration and Maintenance

388

(1)

Isolation

389

(1)

Plant Numbers for Regeneration

390

(1)

Regeneration Protocols

390

(1)

Seed Harvest, Conservation Protocol

391

(1)

Seed Drying and Storage

391

(1)

Germplasm Characterization

391

(9)

Germplasm Descriptors

400

(1)

Taxonomy

401

(15)

Evolutionary and Taxonomic Relationships at the Familial Level

401

(1)

General Characterization of the Tribe Lactuceae

402

(1)

Delimitation and Characterization of the Genus Lactuca

403

(6)

Sections and Groups of Lactuca Species

409

(1)

Section Lactuca

409

(1)

Section Phaenixopus

409

(1)

Section Mulgedium

409

(1)

Section Lactucopsis

409

(2)

Asian Species

411

(1)

African Species

412

(1)

American Species

412

(2)

Genera Related to Lactuca L.

414

(1)

Cephalorrhynchus Boiss

414

(1)

Cicerbita Wallr

414

(1)

Mycelis Cass

414

(1)

Steptorhamphus Bunge

415

(1)

Gene Pools and Genetic Diversity

416

(10)

General Characterization

416

(1)

Gene Pools and Species Concept of Lactuca sativa

416

(2)

Interspecific Hybridization and Gene Pools

418

(1)

The Origin of Cultivated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

418

(4)

Variability of L. sativa

422

(3)

Genetic Diversity of L. sativa and Wild Lactuca Species

425

(1)

Genetic Mapping and Genomics

426

(2)

Recent Status

426

(1)

Qualitative Genes

426

(1)

Quantitative Traits

427

(1)

Genomic Manipulation

428

(1)

Germplasm Enhancement

428

(21)

Introduction and Goals

428

(1)

Gene Pools: Evaluation and Utilization

429

(1)

Horticultural and Agronomic Characteristics

429

(1)

Biochemical and Quality Traits

429

(1)

Reaction to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

430

(13)

Cross-Compatible Breeding Strategies

443

(1)

Hybridization and Hybridity Testing

443

(1)

Pure-Line Selection

443

(1)

Pedigree Breeding

444

(1)

Backcrossing

445

(1)

Field Testing

446

(1)

Cross-Incompatible Breeding Strategies: Interspecific Hybridization

446

(1)

Novel and Biotechnological Approaches

447

(1)

Genic Male Sterility (GMS)

447

(1)

Early Flowering

447

(1)

Molecular Marker-Based Hybridity Testing and Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)

447

(1)

Advances in Phenotyping Procedures

448

(1)

Cell and Tissue Culture

448

(1)

Transformation

448

(1)

Conclusions

449

(24)

Acknowledgments

453

(1)

References

453

(20)

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

473

(24)

Major Singh

Rajesh Kumar

Introduction

473

(1)

Reproductive Biology

474

(1)

Cytogenetics

475

(2)

Cytology

475

(1)

Genetics

475

(1)

Molecular Maps

475

(2)

Phylogenetic Studies

477

(1)

Gene Pools of Eggplant

477

(1)

Genetic Resources

478

(1)

Breeding Objectives

478

(10)

Heterosis and Hybrid Seed Production

479

(2)

Breeding for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

481

(1)

Breeding for Quality, Processing, and Physiological Traits

482

(1)

Biotechnology

482

(1)

Organogenesis

482

(1)

Somatic Embryogenesis

483

(1)

Anther Culture

484

(1)

Protoplast Culture and Somatic Hybridization

484

(1)

Genetic Engineering

485

(3)

Summary

488

(9)

References

488

(9)

Carrot

497

(22)

Philipp W. Simon

Irwin L. Goldman

Introduction

497

(1)

Taxonomy and Germplasm Resources

498

(1)

Taxonomy

498

(1)

Germplasm Resources

498

(1)

Breeding Systems and Genetics

499

(1)

Reproductive Biology

499

(1)

Genetics and Genetic Mapping

499

(1)

Genetic Improvement and Breeding

500

(12)

Germplasm Utilization

500

(1)

Origins of Carrot

500

(6)

F1 Hybrid Development

506

(1)

Major Breeding Objectives

507

(1)

Production

507

(1)

Disease and Pest Resistance

508

(1)

Consumer Quality

509

(3)

Biotechnology

512

(1)

Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation

512

(1)

Marker-Assisted Selection

513

(1)

Conclusions and Future Directions

513

(6)

References

514

(5)

Index

519

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Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement: Vegetable Crops, Volume 3

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials