- ISBN: 9783110207187 | 3110207184
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 5/30/2012
Preface to the Fourth Edition | p. v |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Definition of geodesy | p. 1 |
The objective of geodesy | p. 2 |
Historical development of geodesy | p. 4 |
The spherical Earth model | p. 4 |
The ellipsoidal Earth model | p. 7 |
The geoid, arc measurements and national geodestic surveys | p. 9 |
Three-dimensional geodsey | p. 11 |
Four-dimensional geodesy | p. 12 |
Organization of geodesy, literature | p. 12 |
National organizations | p. 12 |
International collaboration | p. 13 |
Literature | p. 15 |
Reference Systems and Reference Frames | p. 17 |
Basic units and constants | p. 17 |
Time systems | p. 19 |
Atomic time, dynamical time systems | p. 20 |
Sidereal and Universal Time | p. 21 |
Reference coordinate systems: fundamentals | p. 24 |
Celestial Reference System | p. 25 |
Precession, nutation | p. 27 |
Terrestrial Reference System | p. 28 |
Polar motion, Earth rotation | p. 30 |
International reference systems and reference frames | p. 34 |
International Celestial Reference frames | p. 34 |
International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame | p. 39 |
Transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference systems, Earth orientation parameters | p. 42 |
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service | p. 45 |
Local level systems | p. 46 |
The Gravity Field of the Earth | p. 53 |
Fundamentals of gravity field theory | p. 53 |
Gravitation, gravitational potential | p. 53 |
Gravitation of a spherically symmetric Earth | p. 55 |
Properties of the gravitational potential | p. 57 |
Centrifugal acceleration, centrifugal potential | p. 60 |
Gravity accelleration, gravity potential | p. 61 |
Geometry of the gravity field | p. 62 |
Level surfaces and plumb lines | p. 63 |
Local gravity field representation | p. 64 |
Natural coordinates | p. 67 |
Spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential | p. 69 |
Expansion of the reciprocal distance | p. 69 |
Expansion of the gravitational potential | p. 71 |
Geometrical interpretation of the surface spherical harmonics | p. 73 |
Physical interpretation of the spherical harmonic coefficients | p. 74 |
The geoid | p. 76 |
Definition | p. 76 |
Mean sea level | p. 78 |
The geoid as height reference surface | p. 81 |
Temporal gravity variations | p. 84 |
Gravitational constant, Earth rotation | p. 85 |
Tidal acceleration, tidal potential | p. 85 |
Non-tidal temporal gravity variations | p. 89 |
The Geodetic Earth Model | p. 91 |
The rotational ellipsoid | p. 91 |
Parameters and coordinate systems | p. 91 |
Curvature | p. 94 |
Spatial geodetic coordinates | p. 96 |
The normal gravity field | p. 99 |
The level ellipsoid, level spheroids | p. 99 |
The normal gravity field of the level ellipsoid | p. 101 |
Geometry of the normal gravity field | p. 105 |
Geodetic reference systems, optimum Earth model | p. 108 |
Methods of Measurement | p. 113 |
Atmospheric refraction | p. 113 |
Fundamentals | p. 114 |
Tropospheric refraction | p. 117 |
Ionospheric refraction | p. 121 |
Satellite observations | p. 123 |
Undisturbed satellite motion | p. 124 |
Perturbed satellite motion | p. 126 |
Artificial Earth satellites | p. 128 |
Direction, range and range rate (Doppler, DORIS) measurements | p. 131 |
Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS (GPS, GIONASS, Galileo and others) | p. 135 |
Laser distance measurements | p. 150 |
Satellite altimetry | p. 154 |
Satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry | p. 158 |
Geodetic astronomy | p. 162 |
Optical observation instruments | p. 163 |
Astronomic positioning and azimuth determination | p. 166 |
Reductions | p. 168 |
Very Long Baseline Interferometry | p. 170 |
Gravimetry | p. 175 |
Absolute gravity measurements | p. 175 |
Relative gravity measurements | p. 183 |
Gravity reference systems and gravity standard | p. 189 |
Gravity measurements on moving platforms | p. 190 |
Gravity gradiometry | p. 197 |
Continuous gravity measurements | p. 199 |
Terrestrial geodetic measurements | p. 203 |
Horizontal and vertical angle measurements | p. 204 |
Distance measurements, total stations | p. 206 |
Inertial surveying, underwater acoustic positioning | p. 212 |
Leveling | p. 215 |
Tilt and strain measurements | p. 219 |
Methods of Positioning and Gravity Field Modeling | p. 223 |
Residual gravity field | p. 224 |
Disturbing potential, height anomaly, geoid height | p. 224 |
Gravity disturbance, gravity anomaly, deflection of the vertical | p. 226 |
Statistical description of the gravity field, interpolation | p. 229 |
Three-dimensional positioning | p. 233 |
Observation equations | p. 234 |
Geodetic datum | p. 240 |
Horizontal positioning | p. 245 |
Ellipsoidal trigonometry | p. 245 |
Reductions to the ellipsoid | p. 247 |
Computations on the ellipsoid | p. 249 |
Height determination | p. 252 |
Heights from geometric leveling | p. 253 |
Trigonometrical heights | p. 255 |
Heights from GNSS (GPS) | p. 256 |
Fundamentals of gravity field modeling | p. 258 |
The geodetic boundary-value problem | p. 258 |
Gravitation of topography, digital elevation models | p. 262 |
Gravity reductions to the geoid | p. 264 |
Orientation and scale of gravity field models | p. 269 |
Global gravity field modeling | p. 271 |
Spherical harmonic expansion | p. 271 |
"Satellite-only" gravity field models | p. 275 |
Combined (high resolution) gravity field models | p. 278 |
Local gravity field modeling | p. 283 |
Gravimetric geoid heights and deflections of the vertical: integral formulas | p. 283 |
Gravimetric height anomalies and surface deflections of the vertical | p. 290 |
The external gravity field | p. 293 |
Astrogeodetic geoid and quasigeoid determination | p. 296 |
Least-squares collocation | p. 301 |
Geodetic and Gravimetric Networks | p. 305 |
Horizontal control networks | p. 305 |
Vertical control networks | p. 316 |
Three-dimensional networks | p. 321 |
Gravity networks | p. 330 |
Structure and Dynamics of the Earth | p. 333 |
The geophysical Earth model | p. 333 |
The upper layers of the Earth | p. 337 |
Structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle | p. 337 |
Isostasy | p. 338 |
Plate tectonics | p. 342 |
Interpretation of the gravity field | p. 344 |
Geodesy and recent geodynamics | p. 349 |
Geophysical processes and effects on geodetic products | p. 350 |
Changes in Earth rotation | p. 353 |
Sea level variations | p. 355 |
Crustal deformations | p. 359 |
Gravity field variations with time | p. 367 |
Earth tides and tidal loading | p. 375 |
References | p. 383 |
Index | p. 421 |
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