Geomorphology of Upland Peat Erosion, Form and Landscape Change

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ISBN: 9781444337419 | 1444337416
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/30/2010

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The Geomorphology of Upland Peat offers a detailed synthesis of existing literature on peat erosion, incorporating new research ideas and data from two leading experts in the field. Presents the most detailed and current work to date Written in a style that is both intelligent and accessible Fully illustrated with original drawings and photographs Relevant and information for a broad audience working on organic sediments in various environments

Series Editors' Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
The aims of this volume
Thematic coverage
Geographical context
Terminology, definitions and peatland geomorphology
Definitions of Peat
The Physical and geotechnical properties of peat
Peatland classification
The geography of blanket mire complexes
Patterns of peat erosion in space and time
The onset of peat erosion
Direct observation of the onset of erosion
Causes of peat erosion
A brief history of the evolution of peatland geomorphology
Accounts of erosion in the natural science tradition
Descriptive accounts of widespread peat erosion
Quantitative observations of blanket peatlands
Structure of this volume and the peat land system model
The Hydrology of Upland Peatlands
Introduction
Controls on water movement in peatland systems
Hydraulic conductivity of upland peat soils
The diplotelmic mire hypothesis
Groundwater flow in upland peatlands
Evaporation
Runoff generation
The Water balance of ombrotrophic mires
Geomorphology and the hydrology of upland peatlands
Sediment Production
Introduction
Monitoring sediment production using erosion pins
Sediment trap data
Sediment production as a control on catchment sediment flux
Evidence from field observation
Climate correlations with trap data
Direct observations of surface change
Evidence from controlled experiments
Timescales of sediment supply
Conclusion
Fluvial Processes and Peat Erosion
Introduction
Gully erosion of blanket peat
Gully morphology and topology
Processes of Gully erosion
Erosion and transport of peat in perennial stream channels
Production of peat blocks by fluvial erosion
Transport of peat blocks in stream channels
The fate of fine peat sediment in channel
Sediment yield
A conceptual model of sediment dynamics in eroding blanket peatlands
Sediment yield, sediment supply and assessing catchment erosion status
Conclusions
Slope Processes and Mass Movements
Introduction
Peat covered hillslopes
Limits to the stability of peat on slopes
Creep on peat hillslopes
Morphology of rapid peat mass movements
Source zone
Rafted peat debris
Runout track
Secondary tension and compression features
Bog burst and peat slides - are they different?
Mechanism of peat failure
Speed of failure and movement
Significance of surface hydrology in peat failures
Water content and pore pressures
Rainfall
Slope drainage
Stability analysis and modelling of peat mass movements
The changing frequency of peat mass movements over time
Summary and overall framework
Wind Erosion Processes
Introduction
Wind erosion in the uplands and the significance in peatland environments
Mechanisms of wind erosion
The significance of wet or dry wind erosion processes
Direct measurements of wind erosion of peat
Aeolian landforms
The significance of wind erosion for landscape development in upland peatlands
Conclusions
Further research - an agenda for pluvio-aeolian studies of upland peat
Peat Erosion Forms - from Landscape to Micro-relief
Rationale and introduction
Macroscale - Region / Catchment Scale
Mesoscale - Slope-Catena Scale
Microscale - material structure scale
Linking the geomorphological and the ecohydrological
Conclusions
Sediment Dynamics, Vegetation, and Landscape Change
Introduction
The effect of peatland dynamics on long term sediment budgets
Mass balance evidence of patterns of long term erosion
Re-vegetation of eroding peatlands
Artificial re-vegetation of bare peat surfaces
Natural revegetation of eroded landscapes
Controls and mechanisms of natural re-vegetation
Extrinsic controls on re-vegetation
Intrinsic controls on re-vegetation
Eriophorum spp. as Keystone Species for Re-vegetation of Eroded Peatlands
Geomorphology, ecology, and 'erosion-regeneration complexes'
Re-vegetation dynamics and long term patterns of erosion
Stratigraphic evidence of erosion and re-vegetation
The future of blanket peat sediment systems
Changes in pollution climate
Climate change impacts
Increased summer drought
Increased summer and winter storminess
Changes in the growing season and vegetation
Overall response of the peat land system
Relative importance of peat erosion in wider upland sediment budgets
Conclusions
Implications and Conclusions
Implications of widespread peat erosion
Upland peatland erosion and carbon budgets
Case Study Example: the Rough Sike sediment-carbon budget
Release of stored contaminants from eroding peatlands
Restoration of eroded upland peatlands
Frameworks for restoration
Approaches to restoration
Implications of the landsystems model and sediment budget work for restoration
Conclusions
The nature of upland peatlands
Geomorphological processes in upland peatlands
The future of upland peatlands
Representativeness of the peat land system model
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Geomorphology of Upland Peat Erosion, Form and Landscape Change

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Author Biography

Table of Contents

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Geomorphology of Upland Peat Erosion, Form and Landscape Change

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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