The Gilded Age and Progressive Era A Documentary Reader

Acknowledgments to Sources xii

Introduction 1

Prelude: Mark Twain and the Gilded Age 11

Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, from The Gilded Age , 1873

Part I New Frontiers 17

1 The New South 19

1 Henry W. Grady, “The New South,” 1886 19

2 Henry McNeal Turner on African American Civil Rights, 1889 22

3 William D. Kelley, from The Old South and New , 1888 26

4 Lewis Hine, Photographs of Southern Textile Workers, 1908–9 31

2 The New West 34

1 T.S. Kenderdine, from California Revisited, 1858–897 , 1898 34

2 Theodore Roosevelt, from Ranch Life and the Hunting‐Trail , 1888 39

3 Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton, from The Squatter and the Don , (1885) 42

4 Workingmen’s Party, An Address from the Workingmen of San Francisco to Their Brothers throughout the Pacific Coast, 1878 48

3 Native Americans 51

1 Zitkala‐Sa, Native Americans and White Attempts to Assimilate, from “The School Days of an Indian Girl,” 1900 51

2 Chief Joseph, Selected Statements and Speeches by the Nez Perce Chief, 1877–9 54

3 Lakota Accounts of the Massacre at Wounded Knee , 1896 57

4 Photographs and Images from Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 1896–9 62

Part II Industrial Society 65

4 Big Business 67

1 Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth,” 1889 67

2 Herbert Spencer, “The Coming Slavery,” 1884 70

3 Henry Demarest Lloyd, “The Lords of Industry,” 1884 72

4 US Supreme Court, Slaughterhouse Cases , 1873 77

5 Frederick Winslow Taylor, from The Principles of Scientific Management , 1911 83

6 Russell Conwell, from Acres of Diamonds , 1915 89

5 Gilded Age Society 98

1 Thorstein Veblen, from The Theory of the Leisure Class , 1899 98

2 Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from “The Yellow Wall‐Paper,” 1892 104

3 Henry George, from Progress and Poverty , 1879 109

4 Photographs of Gilded Age Mansions 112

5 Hubert Howe Bancroft, The Woman’s Building, from The Book of the Fair , 1893 114

6 Working People 120

1 Stephen Crane, “In the Depths of a Coal Mine,” 1894 120

2 Walter A. Wyckoff, from The Workers: An Experiment in Social Reality , 1899 125

3 Image from The National Police Gazette , 1879 129

4 Edward Eggleston, Hardshell Preacher, from The Hoosier Schoolmaster , 1871 130

5 Leon Ray Livingston, Tramping in America, 1910 135

6 Upton Sinclair, from The Jungle , 1906 141

7 Immigrants in the Industrial Age 147

1 Abraham Cahan, “The Russian Jew in America,” 1898 147

2 Treaty Regulating Immigration from China, 1880 153

3 Samuel Bryan, “Mexican Americans and Southwestern Growth,” 1912 157

4 Jacob Riis, Photographs from How the Other Half Lives, 1890 163

5 Theodore Roosevelt, Hyphenated Americanism, 1915 165

6 The Emergence of Reform Judaism, 1883 and 1885 169

Part III Social Conflict 175

8 Populism 177

1 Annie L. Diggs, “The Women in the Alliance Movement,” 1892 177

2 The Omaha Platform: Launching the Populist Party, 1892 183

3 Thomas E. Watson, “The Negro Question in the South,” 1892 188

4 William Jennings Bryan, “Cross of Gold” Speech, 1896 194

9 The Coming of Jim Crow 201

1 Ida B. Wells, “Lynch Law in America,” 1900 201

2 U.S. Supreme Court, Plessy v. Ferguson , 1896 204

3 Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Compromise, 1895 209

4 W.E.B. Du Bois, “Of Booker T. Washington and Others,” from The Souls of Black Folk , 1903 212

5 Images from the North Carolina White Supremacy Campaign, 1898 216

6 Mary Church Terrell, “What It Means to be Colored in the Capital of the United States,” 1906 218

10 Labor Protest 223

1 Roger O’Mara, Testimony on Railroad Labor Strikes, 1878 223

2 United States Strike Commission, Report on the Chicago Pullman Strike, 1894 227

3 Constance D. Leupp, “The Shirtwaist Makers’ Strike,” 1909 231

4 Photographs of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911 236

Part IV Reform 241

11 Rebuilding American Institutions 243

1 John Dewey, from The School and Society , 1899 243

2 Walter Rauschenbusch, from Christianity and the Social Crisis , 1907 247

3 Charles Davenport, from Heredity in Relation to Eugenics , 1915 250

4 Margaret Sanger, “ Morality and Birth Control ,” 1918 253

5 Frances E. Willard, from Women and Temperance , 1883 256

6 Chicago Vice Commission, The Social Evil in Chicago, 1911 260

12 The Political System 266

1 Robert M. La Follette, “Peril in the Machine,” 1897 266

2 Isaac F. Marcosson, The Dayton Plan, 1914 274

3 Helen Valeska Bary, The Suffrage Movement in Southern California, 1910–1 278

4 Seventeenth Amendment to the US Constitution (direct election of senators), 1913 283

5 Marie Jenney Howe on Women’s Public Role, 1910 284

Part V Imperialism and War 291

13 Imperialism and Anti‐imperialism 293

1 Mayo W. Hazeltine, “What Shall Be Done about the Philippines?” 1897 293

2 Platt Amendment, 1901 299

3 Jane Addams, “Democracy or Militarism,” 1899 301

4 Photograph from the Tour of the Great White Fleet, 1907–9 304

14 The Debate about World War I 306

1 W.E.B. Du Bois on the Postwar Peace, 1918 306

2 Eugene V. Debs, The Canton, Ohio, Anti‐War Speech, 1918 307

3 Espionage Act, 1917 311

4 Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points Address, 1918 315

Further Reading 321

Index 325

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