Gis Modeling in Raster

This new text is written for the second GIS course taken by Geography majors. The primary focus of GIS Modeling in Raster is on the process of cartographic modeling and GIS modeling. The text goes beyond cartographic modeling to incorporate supplementary or complementary technologies and logics to show that spatio-temporal modeling is not limited to cartographic modeling, nor to Map Algebra. DeMers consistent, friendly and engaging style has been highly praised by reviewers of this title as well as users of his market leading Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. This title provides students with the tools for problem solving skills and problem identification required for jobs above the ranks of the basic GIS technician.

Michael N. DeMers is the author of GIS Modeling in Raster, published by Wiley.

Introduction

1

(9)

Learning Objectives

1

(1)

The Role of GIS Modeling

1

(2)

Realizing GIS Capabilities

3

(1)

Understanding the Modeling Process

4

(1)

Why Raster GIS Modeling?

5

(1)

What This Book is About

6

(1)

Chapter Review

7

(1)

Discussion Topics

8

(1)

Learning Activities

9

(1)

Nature of the Data

10

(25)

Learning Objectives

10

(1)

Introduction to Raster Tessellations

11

(4)

Raster Data Models

15

(5)

Simple Raster

16

(2)

Extended Raster

18

(1)

Quadtrees

19

(1)

Cellular Automata

19

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Raster Approach

20

(3)

Sources of Data

23

(3)

Selecting Properties: Grid Size, Study Area, Data Format, Projection, and Grid System

26

(2)

Dealing with the Error Component in Raster Data

28

(2)

Temporality in Spatial Data

30

(1)

Chapter Review

31

(1)

Discussion Topics

32

(1)

Learning Activities

33

(2)

Map Algebra

35

(23)

Learning Objectives

35

(1)

Conceptualizing Zero-Through Two-Dimensional Space with Grid Cells

36

(6)

Conceptualizing Three-Dimensional Space with Grid Cells

42

(1)

Thinking About the Mathematics of Maps

43

(1)

A Comparison with and Contrast to Matrix Algebra

43

(1)

An Introduction To Manipulations with Map Algebra

44

(8)

Operators

45

(7)

Functions

52

(1)

Flow Control

53

(2)

Statements

53

(2)

Iteration

55

(1)

Chapter Review

55

(1)

Discussion Topics

56

(1)

Learning Activities

57

(1)

Characterizing the Functional Operations

58

(36)

Learning Objectives

58

(1)

Function Review

58

(32)

Local Functions

59

(5)

Focal Functions

64

(4)

Zonal Functions

68

(2)

Bock Functions

70

(1)

Global Functions

71

(19)

Going Beyond Map Algebra

90

(1)

Chapter Review

90

(1)

Discussion Topics

91

(1)

Learning Activities

92

(2)

Modeling Essentials

94

(27)

Learning Objectives

94

(1)

Thinking Spatially

95

(13)

Visible Patterns

98

(6)

Functional Patterns

104

(4)

Tools For Identifying Patterns

108

(4)

The Landscape

108

(1)

Literature Survey

108

(1)

Knowledge Engineering (Repertory Grid)

109

(1)

Maps

109

(1)

Aerial Photography

110

(1)

Satellite Imagery

111

(1)

Statistical Techniques

111

(1)

Recognizing the Spatial Interactions of the Problem: From Pattern to Process

112

(1)

Types of GIS Models

113

(5)

Introduction

113

(1)

Models Based on Purpose

114

(3)

Models Based on Methodology

117

(1)

Models Based on Logic

117

(1)

Chapter Review

118

(1)

Discussion Topics

118

(1)

Learning Activities

119

(2)

Conceptualizing the Model

121

(19)

Learning Objectives

121

(1)

Introduction

121

(1)

Defining Your Goals

122

(8)

Hierarchical Compartmentalization

130

(2)

Adding the Spatial Dimension

132

(3)

Identifying Possible Data Elements

135

(1)

Chapter Review

136

(1)

Discussion Topics

137

(1)

Learning Activities

138

(2)

Model Formulation, Flowcharting, and Implementation

140

(22)

Learning Objectives

140

(1)

Making Sense of the Conceptual Model

141

(1)

Examining the Flowcharting Programs

142

(1)

Giving the Compartments Grids

143

(3)

Linking the Compartments

146

(2)

Identifying Missing/ Redundant/ Confused Themes in Flowcharts

148

(1)

Adding Data Surrogates and Aspatial Operators

149

(1)

Implementation

150

(6)

Reversing a Flowchart (Running the Model)

150

(1)

Iteration (Refining the Model/ Adding Intermediate Themes)

150

(1)

Model Hierarchy (Compartmental Implementation)

151

(1)

A Binary Maps Approach (Dealing with Complexity)

151

(1)

Recordkeeping (Maintaining Intermediate Grids)

152

(2)

Documenting Our Work Beyond the Flowchart (Metadata)

154

(1)

Producing Effective Results (Tightening and Loosening Constraints)

155

(1)

Chapter Review

156

(1)

Discussion Topics

157

(4)

Learning Activities

161

(1)

Conflict Resolution and Prescriptive Modeling

162

(13)

Learning Objectives

162

(1)

Introduction

163

(1)

Spatial Conflicts

163

(2)

Generating Alternatives

165

(1)

The Orpheus Land Use Allocation Model

165

(3)

Descriptive Component

166

(1)

Prescriptive Component

167

(1)

Consensus Building

168

(1)

Hierarchical Techniques

168

(1)

Statistical Techniques: Content Analysis

169

(1)

Displaced Fuzzy Ideal

170

(1)

Chapter Review

171

(1)

Discussion Topics

171

(1)

Learning Activities

172

(3)

Model Verification, Validation, and Acceptability

175

(16)

Learning Objectives

175

(1)

Introduction

176

(1)

Definition of Terms

176

(1)

Model Correctness

177

(7)

Verification

177

(4)

Model Validity

181

(3)

Parsimony

184

(2)

Importance of Parsimony

184

(1)

Ways of Measuring Parsimony

185

(1)

Model Acceptance

186

(2)

Chapter Review

188

(1)

Discussion Topics

189

(1)

Learning Activities

189

(2)

References

191

(6)

Photo Credits

197

(2)

Index

199

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Gis Modeling in Raster

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials