Gis-based Studies in the Humanities And Social Sciences

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ISBN: 9780849327131 | 084932713X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/31/2005

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Studies in the humanities and the social sciences can be enhanced through the use of geographic information systems (GIS). Resulting from a six-year project entitled Spatial Information Science for the Humanities and Social Sciences (SIS for HSS), GIS-Based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences details the tools and processes for deploying GIS in economic and social analyses. Through the use of this book, readers can understand how GIS technology can be utilized in advancing studies, and will encourage social scientists to employ new GIS-based methods in their own research.

Introduction

(18)

Atsuyuki Okabe

What Are Geographical Information Systems (GIS)?

(8)

Applications of GIS in the Humanities and Social Sciences: Overview of the Chapters

(10)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(3)

A Tool for Creating Pseudo-3D Spaces with Hyperphoto: An Application in Ethnographic Studies

(16)

Hiroya Tanaka

Masatoshi Arikawa

Ryosuke Shibasaki

Yuki Konagaya

Introduction

(3)

Related Concepts

(3)

Photo Collage

(1)

Hypermedia

(2)

Stamp: A Tool for Hyperphoto Collage

(5)

Concepts and System Overview

(2)

Stamp-Maker

(2)

Stamp-Navigator

(1)

Visualization Options

(1)

An Application

(2)

Conclusion

(3)

References

(2)

A Laser-Scanner System for Acquiring Archaeological Data: Case of the Tyre Remains

(20)

Ryosuke Shibasaki

Takura Izumi

Hiroya Tanaka

Masafumi Nakagawa

Yosinori Iwamoto

Hidetomo Fujiwara

Dinesh Manandhar

Introduction

(1)

A New, Three-Dimensional Measurement Device: Laser Scanner

(1)

Architecture of a System for Collecting and Organizing Archaeological Remain Data (Archae-Collector)

(6)

Data Types and Objects

(1)

Archaeological Remains

(1)

Archaeological Relics

(1)

Other Documents

(1)

Associations Among Data

(1)

Architecture of a System for Collecting and Organizing Archaeological Information (Archae-Collector)

(2)

Three-Dimensional Data Acquisition and Model Development with a Laser Scanner

(7)

Types of Laser Scanners and Their Combinations

(1)

Geometric Registration of Laser-Scanner Data

(2)

Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Shapes from Laser-Scanner Data

(2)

Visualization by Combining Laser-Scanner Data and Digital-Camera Images

(2)

Implementation of an Example of Archae-Collector

(2)

Conclusions and Future Prospects

(2)

Acknowledgment

(1)

References

(1)

A Laser-Scanner System for Acquiring Walking-Trajectory Data and Its Possible Application to Behavioral Science

(16)

Huijing Zhao

Katsuyuki Nakamura

Ryosuke Shibasaki

Introduction

(2)

Outline of the System

(2)

Single-Row Laser Scanner and Moving-Object Extraction

(1)

Integration of Multiple Single-Row Laser Scanners

(1)

Tracking Algorithm

(5)

Flow of the Tracking Process

(2)

Definition of the Pedestrian-Walking Model

(1)

Definition of the State Model

(2)

The Tracing Process Using the Kalman Filter

(1)

Possible Applications to Behavioral Science

(7)

Assessment of the System Reliability

(1)

Analyzing the Pedestrain Flow

(3)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(2)

A Method for Constructing a Historical Population-Grid Database from Old Maps and Its Applications

(14)

Yoshio Arai

Shiro Koike

Introduction: Can GIS Deal with Historical Phenomena?

(1)

A Preliminary Study on the Population Estimation Made for Around the Year 1890 in East Biwa

(3)

Estimation Method

(1)

Estimation Accuracy

(2)

Derivation of the Historical Population-Grid Data for Around 1890 in the Kanto Plain

(1)

Estimation Method

(1)

Estimation Accuracy

(1)

Derivation of the Historical Population-Grid Data for Around 1930 in the Kanto Plain

(2)

Source Materials

(1)

Estimation Method

(1)

Estimation Accuracy

(1)

Historical Population-Grid Database Covering the Period 1890-2000 in the Kanto Plain

(3)

Integration of the 1890-, 1930-, 1970-, and 2000-HPD

(1)

Analysis of Population Change Using the 1890-2000-HPD

(1)

Spatial Patterns of Population Change in the Kanto Plain

(1)

Population Change Along Railway Lines

(2)

Conclusion

(3)

References

(2)

Urban Employment Areas: Defining Japanese Metropolitan Areas and Constructing the Statistical Database for Them

(14)

Yoshitsugu Kanemoto

Reiji Kurima

Introduction

(1)

The Need for a New Metropolitan-Area Definition

(1)

Metropolitan-Area Definitions in the U.S.

(2)

The Structure of Japanese Metropolitan Areas

(1)

Defining Urban-Employment Areas

(4)

Requirements for a Core

(1)

Requirements for an Outlying Area

(1)

The Iterative Procedure for Defining UEAs

(1)

The First Iteration

(1)

The Second Iteration

(1)

Other Iterations

(1)

Urban-Employment Areas for the 1995 Population

(1)

The Construction of the MEA Economic Database

(3)

Conclusion

(2)

Acknowledgment

(1)

References

(2)

Data Modeling of Archaeological Sites Using a Unified Modeling Language

(14)

Teruko Usui

Susumu Morimoto

Yoshiyuki Murao

Keiji Shimizu

Introduction

(1)

Characteristics of Archaeological Information and a Site Survey

100

(1)

Differences between Japanese and European Techniques in Data Recording and Organizing Archaeological Survey Data

101

(2)

Object-Oriented GIS and an Archaeological-Information Database

103

(5)

Two Kinds of GIS Data Models

103

(1)

Standardization of Geographic Information and UML

104

(1)

Data Modeling of Archaeological Information and the General-Feature Model

105

(3)

European Stratigraphic-Sequence Diagrams Using the Harris Matrix and UML Modeling on Japanese Drawings of Archaeological Features

108

(3)

Class Representing the Archaeological Site (Archaeological Site Class)

108

(1)

Drawing of Archaeological Features and Stratigraphic-Sequence Diagram

109

(2)

Conclusion

111

(2)

References

112

(1)

How to Find Free Software Packages for Spatial Analysis via the Internet

113

(14)

Atsuyuki Okabe

Atsushi Masuyama

Fumiko Itoh

Introduction

113

(1)

Search Engine at the CSISS Web Site

114

(1)

FreeSAT: A Web System for Finding Free Spatial Analysis Tools

115

(9)

The home page of FreeSAT

115

(1)

The ``Spatial Analysis for Points'' Page

116

(1)

The ``Spatial Analysis for Networks'' Page

117

(2)

The ``Spatial Analysis for Attribute Values of Areas'' Page

119

(2)

The ``Spatial Analysis for Continuous Surfaces Page''

121

(1)

Tables of Software Names

122

(2)

Conclusion

124

(3)

References

125

(2)

A Toolbox for Examining the Effect of Infrastructural Features on the Distribution of Spatial Events

127

(12)

Atsuyuki Okabe

Tohru Yoshikawa

Introduction

127

(1)

General Setting

128

(1)

Procedure for Examining the Effect

129

(7)

The Procedure for Using the Goodness-of-Fit Test Method

130

(3)

The Procedure for Using the Conditional Nearest-Neighbor Distance Method

133

(2)

The Cross K Function Method

135

(1)

Conclusion

136

(3)

Acknowledgments

137

(1)

References

137

(2)

A Toolbox for Spatial Analysis on a Network

139

(14)

Atsuyuki Okabe

Kei-ichi Okunuki

Shino Shiode

Introduction

139

(2)

Tools in SANET

141

(1)

Software and Data Setting

142

(2)

Network K Function Method

144

(2)

Network Variable-Clumping Method

146

(2)

Network Cross K Function Method

148

(1)

Network Voronoi Diagram

148

(1)

Network Huff Model

149

(2)

Conclusion

151

(2)

Acknowledgments

151

(1)

References

151

(2)

Estimation of Routes and Building Sites Described in Premodern Travel Accounts Through Spatial Reasoning

153

(10)

Yasushi Asami

Takanori Kimura

Masashi Haneda

Naoko Fukami

Introduction

153

(2)

Spatial Data

155

(1)

Search for the Route

156

(1)

Consistency with Building Use

156

(1)

Consistency of Branching Off of Road

156

(1)

Consistency of Turning Direction (Left or Right)

157

(1)

Consistency of Direction (North, East, South, and West)

157

(1)

Judgment of Neighborhood

157

(1)

Judgment of Priority in Route Choice

158

(1)

Route of Maximum Degree of Fitness and Estimation of Locations of Building

158

(2)

Conclusion

160

(3)

Acknowledgment

161

(1)

References

161

(2)

Computer-Simulated Settlements in West Wakasa: Identifying the Ancient Tax Regions --- The Go-Ri System

163

(12)

Izumi Niiro

Introduction

163

(2)

The Case-Study Region

165

(3)

The Reconstruction of Agricultural Productivity and the Extent of GO

168

(3)

Results and Discussion of the Case Study

171

(1)

Broader-Scale Analysis

172

(2)

Conclusion

174

(1)

References

174

(1)

Site-Catchment Analysis of Prehistoric Settlements by Reconstructing Paleoenvironments with GIS

175

(16)

Hiro'omi Tsumura

A Brief Review of Spatial Archaeology

175

(2)

The Sannai-Maruyama Archaeological Project

177

(1)

Present Nature of the Area Surrounding the Sannai-Maruyama Archaeological Site

177

(2)

Construction of a Spatio-Temporal GIS Database

179

(3)

Reconstruction of the Paleosynecology

182

(1)

Site-Catchment Analysis of the Reconstructed Paleoenvironment

183

(5)

Beyond Spatial Archaeology

188

(3)

Acknowledgments

189

(1)

References

189

(2)

Migration, Regional Diversity, and Residential Development on the Edge of Greater Cairo --- Linking Three Kinds of Data --- Census, Household-Survey Data, and Geographical Data --- with GIS

191

(20)

Hiroshi Kato

Erina Iwasaki

Ali El-Shazly

Yutaka Goto

Introduction

191

(1)

Data and Methodology

192

(4)

Data

192

(1)

Selection of the Survey Areas

193

(1)

Data Sampling

194

(2)

Migration and Regional Categorization

196

(7)

Migrants' Villages of Origin

197

(1)

Characteristics of the Regions of Origin

198

(5)

Migration and Residential Development

203

(4)

Constructing the Building Map

203

(1)

General Description of the Survey Areas

204

(1)

Settlement Patterns and Residential Development

204

(3)

Conclusions

207

(4)

References

209

(2)

Effect of Environmental Factors on Housing Prices: Application of GIS to Urban-Policy Analysis

211

(18)

Yasushi Asami

Xiaolu Gao

Economic Value of Residential Environment

211

(2)

Method and Data

213

(2)

Hedonic Price Analysis

215

(3)

Analysis of Subdivision

218

(2)

Benefits of Parks in Densely Built Residential Blocks

220

(1)

Effects of Widening a Road

221

(3)

Impact of Relaxing FAR Regulation

224

(2)

Conclusion

226

(3)

Acknowledgments

226

(1)

References

227

(2)

Estimating Urban Agglomeration Economies for Japanese Metropolitan Areas: Is Tokyo Too Large?

229

(14)

Yoshitsugu Kanemoto

Toru Kitagawa

Hiroshi Saito

Elsuro Shioji

Introduction

229

(1)

Production Functions with Agglomeration Economies

230

(2)

Cross-Section Estimates

232

(2)

Panel Estimates

234

(2)

A Test for Optimal City Sizes

236

(4)

Conclusion

240

(3)

Acknowledgments

240

(1)

References

241

(2)

Evaluation of School Redistricting by the School Family System

243

(22)

Yukio Sadahiro

Takashi Tominaga

Saiko Sadahiro

Introduction

244

(1)

Potential of GIS in Educational-Administration Research

244

(4)

GIS for Analysis in Educational-Administration Research

244

(2)

GIS for Planning in Educational-Administration Research

246

(1)

GIS for Evaluation in Educational-Administration Research

247

(1)

GIS for School Redistricting

248

(3)

School Districting in Elementary and Lower-Secondary Education

248

(1)

School Redistricting in Elementary and Lower-Secondary Education

249

(1)

School-Family System

249

(1)

School Redistricting as a Spatial-Optimization Problem

250

(1)

School Redistricting in Kita Ward, Tokyo

251

(11)

Formulation of School-Redistricting Problem in Kita Ward, Tokyo

252

(4)

School Redistricting Where the Average Distance from Home to School Is the Objective Function

256

(3)

School Redistricting Where the Number of Students Assigned to Different Schools Is the Objective Function

259

(3)

Conclusion

262

(3)

References

262

(3)

A Method for Visualizing the Landscapes of Old-Time Cities Using GIS

265

(14)

Eihan Shimizu

Takashi Fuse

Introduction

265

(1)

Rubber-Sheet Transformation of Historical Maps

266

(2)

Applications

268

(8)

Comparison of Maps from Different Times

268

(1)

Reproduction of a Digital-Elevation Model from a Historical Map

269

(1)

Analysis of the Relationship between Land Use and Topography

270

(2)

Reproduction of a Bird's-Eye View of Old Tokyo

272

(2)

Reproduction of the Landscape of Edo City

274

(2)

Conclusion

276

(3)

References

276

(3)

Visualization for Site Assessment

279

(20)

Hiroyuki Kohsaka

Tomoko Sekine

Introduction

279

(2)

Multilevel Measures of Accessibility and Its Spatial Variation within Residential Districts

281

(9)

Accessibility Measured at the Residential-District Level

281

(1)

Accessibility Measured at 100 M Mesh Level

282

(2)

Visualization of Spatial Variation in Accessibility within a Residential District

284

(1)

Bivariate Map of Accessibility and Its Variability

285

(2)

Composite Map of Accessibility by Two-Level Visualization

287

(2)

Accessibility Map at Variable Spatial Level

289

(1)

Measure of Accessibility by Highly Accurate Simulation and Its Visualization

290

(6)

Population as Demand Volume

290

(1)

Development of Road Network

291

(1)

Measure of Navigation Road Distance by Highly Accurate Simulation Considering Complex Traffic Conditions

292

(4)

Conclusion

296

(3)

References

298

(1)

Visualization of the Mental Image of a City Using GIS

299

(16)

Yukio Sadahiro

Yoshio Igarashi

Introduction

299

(2)

Methodology

301

(3)

Representation of the Image of a City

301

(1)

Model Description

301

(1)

Visualization of the Image of a City

302

(2)

A Prototype System

304

(5)

Spatial Data

304

(1)

Model of the Image of Shibuya

305

(1)

Visualization of the Image of Shibuya

306

(1)

System Evaluation

306

(3)

Conclusion

309

(6)

Literature Cited

313

(1)

References

313

(2)

Index

315

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Gis-based Studies in the Humanities And Social Sciences

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