Global Changes in Asylum Regimes

This book examines convergent trends in asylum regimes around the world. It covers the main regions of the world where asylum is a critical problem: Europe, Africa, and Central America. It also looks at the major issues: human rights, non-governmental organization involvement, gender, return, comprehensive policy, EU harmonization, international intervention, and temporary protection.

DaniTle Joly is Director, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick.

List of the Contributors

xi

Acknowledgement

xii

Introduction

1

(2)

Daniele Joly

Worldwide regionalisation

3

(1)

A reactive comprehensive approach

4

(1)

Restricted asylum

5

(1)

The new reality of protection

6

(2)

Institutional actors

8

(1)

The paradigm shift

9

(4)

Bibliography

13

(2)

Certain Violence, Uncertain Protection

15

(23)

Mark Gibney

Introduction

15

(2)

Human rights and refugees

17

(8)

Measuring refugee protection

25

(3)

Conclusion

28

(1)

Bibliography

28

(1)

Notes

29

(3)

Appendix A: Political terror scale 1980-96

32

(6)

New Asylum Regimes or a World without Asylum? The Myth of International Protection

38

(10)

Louis Gentile

Introduction

38

(2)

Significant progess

40

(1)

Uneven respect for human rights

41

(1)

Refugee protection ensured

42

(2)

Bogus refugees

44

(1)

Conclusions and recommendations

45

(2)

Notes

47

(1)

Temporary Protection and the Bosnian Crisis: a Cornerstone of the New European Regime

48

(31)

Daniele Joly

Introduction: temporary protection a l'Europeenne

48

(1)

The circumstances bringing about TP

49

(5)

Status and instruments

54

(9)

Standards of treatment

63

(4)

Comprehensive action

67

(5)

Conclusions: a new asylum regime

72

(3)

References

75

(3)

Note

78

(1)

Lessons from the Kosovo Refugee Crisis: Innovations in Protection and Burden-Sharing

79

(26)

Michael Barutciski

Astri Suhrke

Introduction

79

(2)

The Kosovo case

81

(5)

Formulas for sharing HTP and HEP

86

(6)

Implications of the Kosovo model

92

(5)

Bibliography

97

(1)

Notes

98

(7)

Asylum in Europe: Underpinning Parameters

105

(18)

Dennis de Jong

Introduction

105

(1)

The EU action plan on the influx of migrants from Iraq and the neighbouring region

106

(7)

Lessons to be learned from the Iraqi crisis

113

(6)

Conclusion

119

(2)

Notes

121

(2)

Return, Human Rights and International Involvement: Refugees as Social and Political Actors, the Guatemalan Case

123

(14)

Huberto Estrada-Soberanis

Introduction

123

(1)

The human rights issue

124

(1)

The antecedents

125

(1)

The struggle of the returned population

126

(1)

Structural problems and solutions

127

(1)

International involvement, globalisation and human rights

128

(1)

The limitations of international institutions: the United Nations

128

(1)

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund

129

(2)

Conclusions and recommendations

131

(1)

Bibliography

132

(1)

Notes

133

(4)

Refugee Women: a Gendered and Political Analysis of the Refugee Experience

137

(17)

Agnes Callamard

Introduction

137

(1)

Refugee women, power and social change in camps

138

(3)

Dependence and empowerment in refugee camps

141

(3)

Sexual violence and persecution

144

(5)

Conclusion

149

(1)

Bibliography

150

(3)

Note

153

(1)

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Africa's Liability for the Next Millenium

154

(25)

John O. Oucho

Introduction

154

(1)

Who the refugees and IDPs are: general and African perspectives

155

(2)

The geography of Africa's displaced persons

157

(8)

Determinants and consequences of population displacement

165

(6)

From liability to asset: the challenge for African states

171

(5)

Conclusion

176

(1)

References

176

(3)

What Was Refugee Status? Legislating the Changing Practice of Refugee Law

179

(25)

Rosemary Preston

Introduction

179

(3)

Studying return in safety and dignity: starting points

182

(2)

Completed research

184

(5)

The assessment of safety and dignity

189

(4)

The scope for individual and group-based assessment of fitness to return

193

(2)

Wider implications of legislative reform proposals

195

(1)

Conclusions

196

(3)

Bibliography

199

(3)

Notes

202

(2)

Human Rights Organisations and the Formation of Refugees Regimes

204

(11)

Morten Kjaerum

Introduction

204

(1)

The development of national human rights organisations

205

(3)

The role and function of human rights organisations

208

(2)

Human rights organisations and refugee protection

210

(3)

Conclusion

213

(1)

Bibliography

214

(1)

Notes

214

(1)

Index

215

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Global Changes in Asylum Regimes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials