Global Political Economy
, by Cohn, Theodore H.- ISBN: 9780205075836 | 0205075835
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 2/15/2011
Theodore H. Cohn is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Simon Fraser University.
Preface | p. x |
Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. xvii |
Introduction and Overview | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 2 |
What is International Political Economy? | p. 3 |
The IPE Theoretical Perspectives | p. 5 |
Purposes and Themes of This Book | p. 6 |
Globalization | p. 6 |
North-North Relations | p. 8 |
North-South Relations | p. 10 |
Focus of this Book | p. 12 |
Questions | p. 14 |
Key Terms | p. 14 |
Further Reading | p. 14 |
Notes | p. 15 |
Managing the Global Economy Since World War II: The Institutional Framework | p. 18 |
Global Economic Relations Before World War II | p. 19 |
The Mercantilist Period | p. 19 |
The Industrial Revolution and British Hegemony | p. 20 |
The Decline of British Hegemony and World War I | p. 20 |
The Interwar Period | p. 21 |
The Institutional Framework Before World War II | p. 22 |
The Functions of the IMF, World Bank, and GATT | p. 22 |
The KIEOs and the United Nations | p. 23 |
The Postwar Economic Institutions and Changing North-South Relations | p. 26 |
The IMF, World Bank, and WTO | p. 27 |
The OECD | p. 30 |
The G10,G5,G7,G8, and G20 | p. 31 |
Postwar Economic Institutions and the South | p. 33 |
Postwar Economic Institutions and the Centrally Planned Economies | p. 39 |
Nonstate Actors | p. 42 |
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis: A Turning Point? | p. 44 |
Questions | p. 45 |
Key Terms | p. 46 |
Further Reading | p. 46 |
Notes | p. 47 |
Theoretical Perspectives | p. 52 |
The Realist Perspective | p. 56 |
Basic Tenets of the Realist Perspective | p. 57 |
The Role of the Individual, the State, and Societal Groups | p. 57 |
The Nature and Purpose of International Economic Relations | p. 57 |
The Relationship Between Politics and Economics | p. 58 |
The Causes and Effects of Globalization | p. 58 |
The Mercantilists | p. 59 |
Realism and the Industrial Revolution | p. 59 |
Realism in the Interwar Period | p. 60 |
Realism After World War II | p. 61 |
The Revival of Realist IPE | p. 61 |
Hegemonic Stability Theory and U.S. Hegemony | p. 62 |
What Is Hegemony? | p. 63 |
What Are the Strategies and Motives of Hegemonic States? | p. 63 |
Is Hegemony Necessary and/or Sufficient to Produce an Open, Stable Economic System? | p. 65 |
What Is the Status of U.S. Hegemony? | p. 66 |
Realism and North-South Relations | p. 69 |
Critique of the Realist Perspective | p. 70 |
Questions | p. 71 |
Key Terms | p. 71 |
Further Reading | p. 71 |
Notes | p. 72 |
The Liberal Perspective | p. 77 |
Basic Tenets of the Liberal Perspective | p. 77 |
The Role of the Individual, the State, and Societal Groups | p. 78 |
The Nature and Purpose of International Economic Relations | p. 78 |
The Relationship Between Politics and Economics | p. 79 |
The Causes and Effects of Globalization | p. 79 |
Orthodox Liberalism | p. 80 |
The Influence of John Maynard Keynes | p. 81 |
Liberalism in the Postwar Period | p. 82 |
A Return to Orthodox Liberalism | p. 82 |
Liberalism and Institutions | p. 84 |
Interdependence Theory | p. 84 |
The Liberal Approach to Cooperation | p. 85 |
Regime Theory | p. 87 |
Liberalism, Global Governance, and Regimes | p. 89 |
Liberalism and Domestic-International Interactions | p. 90 |
Liberalism and North-South Relations | p. 92 |
Orthodox Liberals and North-South Relations | p. 93 |
Interventionist Liberals and North-South Relations | p. 94 |
Critique of the Liberal Perspective | p. 95 |
Questions | p. 96 |
Key Terms | p. 97 |
Further Reading | p. 97 |
Notes | p. 98 |
Critical Perspectives | p. 103 |
Basic Tenets of Historical Materialism | p. 103 |
The Role of the Individual, the State, and Societal Groups | p. 103 |
The Nature and Purpose of International Economic Relations | p. 104 |
The Relationship Between Politics and Economics | p. 104 |
The Causes and Effects of Globalization | p. 105 |
Early Forms of Historical Materialism | p. 106 |
Karl Marx and IPE | p. 106 |
Marxist Studies of Imperialism | p. 106 |
Dependency Theory | p. 108 |
Whither the Historical Materialist Perspective? | p. 110 |
World-Systems Theory | p. 110 |
Neo-Gramscian Analysis | p. 112 |
Constructivism | p. 114 |
Feminism | p. 116 |
Environmentalism | p. 119 |
Critique of the Critical Perspectives | p. 122 |
Questions | p. 123 |
Key Terms | p. 124 |
Further Reading | p. 124 |
Notes | p. 125 |
The Issue Areas | p. 131 |
International Monetary Relations | p. 132 |
The Balance of Payments | p. 133 |
Government Response to a Balance-of-Payments Deficit | p. 135 |
Adjustment Measures | p. 136 |
Financing | p. 137 |
Adjustment, Financing, and the Theoretical Perspectives | p. 139 |
The Functions and Valuation of Money | p. 139 |
International Monetary Relations Before Bretton Woods | p. 140 |
The Classical Gold Standard (1870s to 1914) | p. 140 |
The Interwar Period (1918-1944) | p. 140 |
The Formation of the Bretton Woods Monetary Regime | p. 141 |
The International Monetary Fund | p. 142 |
The Functioning of the Bretton Woods Monetary Regime | p. 144 |
The Central Role of the U.S. Dollar | p. 144 |
A Shift Toward Multilateralism | p. 146 |
The Demise of the Bretton Woods Monetary Regime | p. 148 |
The Regime of Floating (or Flexible) Exchange Rates | p. 149 |
The Plaza-Louvre Accords | p. 151 |
Alternatives to the Current Monetary Regime | p. 151 |
European Monetary Relations | p. 152 |
What Is the Future of the U.S. Dollar as the Key Currency? | p. 155 |
The Dollar Versus the Euro | p. 155 |
Countries with Large Foreign Reserves and the Future of the Dollar | p. 157 |
Sovereign Wealth Funds | p. 159 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 160 |
Questions | p. 161 |
Key Terms | p. 162 |
Further Reading | p. 162 |
Notes | p. 163 |
Global Trade Relations | p. 168 |
Trade Theory | p. 169 |
Global Trade Relations Before World War II | p. 173 |
GATT and the Postwar Global Trade Regime | p. 174 |
Principles of the Global Trade Regime | p. 175 |
Trade Liberalization | p. 175 |
Nondiscrimination | p. 177 |
Reciprocity | p. 178 |
Safeguards | p. 180 |
Development | p. 181 |
Formation of the WTO | p. 182 |
The WTO and the Global Trade Regime | p. 184 |
The South and Global Trade Issues | p. 186 |
1940s to Early 1960s: Limited LDC Involvement | p. 186 |
1960s to Early 1970s: Growing Pressures for Special Treatment | p. 186 |
1970s to 1980: Increased North-South Confrontation | p. 187 |
1980s to 1995: More LDC Participation in GATT | p. 188 |
1995 to the Present: LDC Disillusionment with the Uruguay Round and Demands in the Doha Round | p. 189 |
The Transition Economies and Global Trade Relations | p. 190 |
Eastern Europe and the GATT/WTO | p. 191 |
China | p. 192 |
Russia | p. 195 |
Civil Society and Global Trade Relations | p. 196 |
Trade and the Environment | p. 197 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 199 |
Questions | p. 201 |
Key Terms | p. 202 |
Further Reading | p. 202 |
Notes | p. 203 |
Regionalism and the Global Trade Regime | p. 209 |
Regionalism and the IPE Theoretical Perspectives | p. 210 |
Regionalism and Globalization | p. 212 |
A Historical Overview of RTAs | p. 213 |
The First Wave of Regionalism | p. 213 |
The Second Wave of Regionalism | p. 214 |
Explanations for the Rise of Regional Integration | p. 214 |
Realist Explanations | p. 214 |
Liberal Explanations | p. 215 |
Historical Materialist Explanations | p. 216 |
The GATT/WTO and RTAs | p. 217 |
Trade Diversion | p. 217 |
Trade Creation | p. 218 |
GATT Article 24 and RTAs | p. 218 |
The Effectiveness of GATT Article 24 | p. 219 |
Special Treatment for LDCs | p. 220 |
The European Union | p. 222 |
The Deepening of European Integration | p. 223 |
The Widening of European Integration | p. 225 |
Theoretical Perspectives and the EU | p. 227 |
The North American Free Trade Agreement | p. 229 |
The Formation of NAFTA | p. 229 |
NAFTA as a Free Trade Agreement | p. 230 |
The IPE Theoretical Perspectives and NAFTA | p. 232 |
Mercosur | p. 234 |
East Asian Regionalism | p. 236 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 239 |
Questions | p. 241 |
Key Terms | p. 242 |
Further Reading | p. 242 |
Notes | p. 243 |
Multinational Corporations and Global Production | p. 249 |
Definitions and Terminology | p. 250 |
Why Do Firms Become MNCs? | p. 251 |
The Historical Development of FDI | p. 253 |
The Pre-World War II Period | p. 253 |
The Mid-1940s to Mid-1980s | p. 254 |
The 1980s to the Present | p. 257 |
MNC-Host Country Relations: Determinants and Effects of FDI | p. 261 |
Host Country Policies Toward MNCs | p. 263 |
The South | p. 264 |
The North | p. 266 |
MNC-Home Country Relations | p. 268 |
Home Country Policies Toward MNCs | p. 269 |
The Effects of MNCs on Labor Groups in Home Countries | p. 271 |
Competitiveness and Home Country-MNC Relations | p. 272 |
A Regime for FDI: What Is to Be Regulated? | p. 274 |
Bilateral Investment Treaties | p. 276 |
United Nations | p. 277 |
Regional Approaches: The EU and NAFTA | p. 278 |
The GATT/WTO to the OECD and Back to the WTO | p. 280 |
Private Actors | p. 282 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 283 |
Questions | p. 285 |
Key Terms | p. 285 |
Further Reading | p. 286 |
Notes | p. 286 |
International Development | p. 294 |
IPE Perspectives and North-South Relations | p. 296 |
Official Development Assistance | p. 297 |
The World Bank Group | p. 301 |
LDC Development Strategies | p. 307 |
Import Substitution Industrialization | p. 307 |
Socialist Development Strategies | p. 309 |
Export-Led Growth | p. 311 |
IPE Perspectives and the East Asian Experience | p. 313 |
The Asian Financial Crisis | p. 314 |
The Revival of Orthodox Liberalism | p. 317 |
Structural Adjustment and Theoretical Perspectives | p. 318 |
Structural Adjustment and Questions About Orthodox Liberalism | p. 319 |
Structural Adjustment and Sub-Saharan Africa | p. 319 |
Structural Adjustment and LDC Women | p. 320 |
Another Shift in Development Strategy? | p. 322 |
The Late 1980s to 1994 | p. 322 |
1995 to the Present | p. 325 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 327 |
Questions | p. 330 |
Key Terms | p. 330 |
Further Reading | p. 331 |
Notes | p. 331 |
Foreign Debt and Financial Crises | p. 339 |
What Is a Debt Crisis? | p. 339 |
The Origins of the 1980s Debt Crisis | p. 341 |
Unexpected Changes in the Global Economy | p. 341 |
Irresponsible Behavior of Lenders | p. 342 |
Irresponsible Behavior of Borrowers | p. 342 |
The South's Dependence on the North | p. 344 |
The Foreign Debt Regime | p. 346 |
The IMF, the World Bank, and Transition Economies | p. 348 |
The Paris and London Clubs | p. 351 |
Strategies to Deal with the 1980s Debt Crisis | p. 353 |
Emergency Measures and Involuntary Lending: 1982-1985 | p. 353 |
The Baker Plan: 1986-1988 | p. 354 |
The Brady Plan: 1989-1997 | p. 356 |
Initiatives for the Poorest LDCs | p. 358 |
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Debt Strategies | p. 359 |
Transition Economies and Foreign Debt | p. 360 |
The IMF, the World Bank, and the Debt Crisis | p. 362 |
The 1990s Asian Financial Crisis | p. 364 |
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis | p. 367 |
Considering IPE Theory and Practice | p. 371 |
Questions | p. 372 |
Key Terms | p. 373 |
Further Reading | p. 373 |
Notes | p. 374 |
Concluding Comments | p. 381 |
Current Trends in the Global Political Economy | p. 382 |
Globalization | p. 382 |
Globalization and Triadization | p. 383 |
Globalization and the State | p. 384 |
Globalization, Inequality, and Poverty | p. 386 |
Globalization and Democracy | p. 388 |
Globalization and Civil Society | p. 389 |
Globalization and ōNewer Issuesö: The Environment, International Migration, and Illegal Activity | p. 390 |
North-North Relations | p. 393 |
The Current State of U.S. Hegemony | p. 393 |
Is There a Candidate to Replace the United States as Global Hegemon? | p. 394 |
The Role of International Institutions | p. 397 |
North-South Relations | p. 400 |
Changing Concepts of Development | p. 400 |
Is There a ōBestö Development Strategy? | p. 402 |
A Final Word on IPE Theory and Practice | p. 404 |
Notes | p. 405 |
Glossary | p. 409 |
Index | p. 419 |
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