The Global Prehistory of Human Migration

Previously published as the first volume of The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, this work is devoted exclusively to prehistoric migration, covering all periods and places from the first hominin migrations out of Africa through the end of prehistory.

• Presents interdisciplinary coverage of this topic, including scholarship from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, genetics, biology, linguistics, and more
• Includes contributions from a diverse international team of authors, representing 17 countries and a variety of disciplines
• Divided into two sections, covering the Pleistocene and Holocene; each section examines human migration through chapters that focus on different regional and disciplinary lenses

Peter Bellwood is Emeritus Professor (Archaeology) at The Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. He is the author of First Farmers (Blackwell, 2005), Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (2007), and First Migrants (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013). His book First Farmers won a 2006 Book Award from the Society for American Archaeology. He has also written and edited many other books on Southeast Asian and Pacific prehistory. His current research and writing are on prehistoric migrations around the world, especially of early food-producing populations, with a focus on Southeast Asia. He is currently involved in archaeological fieldwork in Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Notes on Contributors viii

1 Prehistoric migration and the rise of humanity 1
Peter Bellwood

Part I: The Peopling of the World during the Pleistocene 7

2 The earliest stages of hominin dispersal in Africa and Eurasia 9
Christine Hertler, Angela Bruch, and Michael Märker

3 Hominin migrations before Homo sapiens: Out of Africa – how many times? 18
Colin Groves

4 Early Old World migrations of Homo sapiens: human biology 26
Mark Stoneking and Katerina Harvati

5 Early Old World migrations of Homo sapiens: archaeology 38
Peter Hiscock

6 Pleistocene migrations in the Southeast Asian archipelagos 49
François Sémah and Anne-Marie Sémah

7 The human colonization of Australia 55
Peter Hiscock

8 The human colonization of the Americas: archaeology 61
David J. Meltzer

9 The human colonization of the Americas: population genetics 70
Simon G. Southerton

Part II: Holocene migrations 77

10 Neolithic migrations: food production and population expansion 79
Peter Bellwood

11 Human migrations and the histories of major language families 87
Peter Bellwood

12 Sub-Saharan Africa: linguistics 96
Christopher Ehret

13 Sub-Saharan Africa: archaeology 107
Peter Robertshaw

14 Sub-Saharan Africa: human genetics 115
Evelyne Heyer and Jorge Rocha

15 Levant and North Africa: Afroasiatic linguistic history 125
Václav Bla?ek

16 Levant and North Africa: archaeology 133
Gregory P. Gilbert

17 Ana tolia and the Balkans: archaeology 139
Mehmet Özdogan

18 Europe and western Asia: genetics and population history 146
Mark G. Thomas, Toomas Kivisild, Lounes Chikhi, and Joachim Burger

19 Europe and western Asia: Indo-European linguistic history 157
Paul Heggarty

20 Europe: Neolithic colonization 168
Ron Pinhasi

21 Northern Europe and Russia: Uralic linguistic history 178
Václav Bla?ek

22 Central Asia: genetics and archaeology 184
Ron Pinhasi and Evelyne Heyer

23 Northern and northeastern Asia: archaeology 191
Yaroslav V. Kuzmin

24 Northeastern and central Asia: “Altaic” linguistic history 197
Alexander Vovin

25 Eastern Asia: Sino-Tibetan linguistic history 204
Randy J. LaPolla

26 Eastern Asia: archaeology 209
Zhang Chi and Hung Hsiao-chun

27 Eastern Asia and Japan: human biology 217
Hirofumi Matsumura and Marc Oxenham

28 Japan: archaeology 224
Mark J. Hudson

29 Korea: archaeology 230
Seonbok Yi

30 South Asia: Dravidian linguistic history 235
Franklin C. Southworth and David W. McAlpin

31 South Asia: archaeology 245
Dorian Q. Fuller

32 Trans-Indian Ocean migration 254
Atholl Anderson

33 Southeast Asian mainland: linguistic history 259
Paul Sidwell

34 Southeast Asian mainland: archaeology 269
C. F. W. Higham

35 Southeast Asian islands and Oceania: Austronesian linguistic history 276
Robert Blust

36 Southeast Asian islands: archaeology 284
Peter Bellwood

37 Southeast Asian islands and Oceania: human genetics 293
Murray P. Cox

38 Papua New Guinea: indigenous migrations in the recent past 302
Bryant Allen

39 Oceania: Lapita migration 308
Matthew Spriggs

40 Micronesian archaeology 314
Mike T. Carson

41 Polynesia, East and South, including transpacifi c migration 320
Atholl Anderson

42 Australia: linguistic history 327
Patrick McConvell

43 North America: Na Dene/Athapaskan archaeology and linguistics 333
R. G. Matson and M. P. R. Magne

44 North America: Eskimo-Aleut linguistic history 340
Michael Fortescue

45 North America: Paleoeskimo and Inuit archaeology 346
T. Max Friesen

46 Eastern North America: archaeology and linguistics 354
Dean R. Snow

47 Mesoamerica and the southwestern United States: linguistic history 362
Jane H. Hill

48 Mesoamerica and the southwestern United States: archaeology 369
Steven A. LeBlanc

49 Caribbean Islands: archaeology 376
William Keegan

50 Amazonia: linguistic history 384
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald

51 Amazonia: archaeology 392
Michael Heckenberger

52 Andes: linguistic history 401
Paul Heggarty and David Beresford-Jones

53 Andes: archaeology 410
David Beresford-Jones and Paul Heggarty

Index 417

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