Global Structural Analysis of Buildings

Global Structural Analysis of Buildingsis a practical reference for professional civil and structural engineers in construction firms, consultancies, and building research organisations. The theoretical aspects of the book will appeal to postgraduates, lecturers and reserachers of structural analysis and design.

Karoly A. Zalka is Visiting Professor to the Technical University of Budapest, Hungary.

Preface

xi

Notations

xiii

Introduction

1

(6)

Background

1

(2)

General assumptions

3

(1)

The structure of the book

4

(3)

Spatial behaviour

7

(11)

Basic principles

7

(1)

The equivalent column and its characteristics

8

(8)

The spatial behaviour of the equivalent column

16

(2)

Stability and frequency analyses

18

(45)

Stability analysis

19

(24)

Doubly symmetrical systems -- basic critical loads

20

(6)

Coupling of the basic modes; combined swaytorsional buckling

26

(6)

Concentrated top load; single-storey buildings

32

(1)

Shear mode situations

33

(3)

Soil-structure interaction

36

(5)

Individual beam-columns

41

(2)

Frequency analysis

43

(20)

Doubly symmetrical systems -- basic natural frequencies

44

(8)

Coupling of the basic modes; combined lateraltorsional vibrations

52

(3)

Concentrated mass at top level; single-storey buildings

55

(2)

Soil-structure interaction

57

(3)

Supplementary remarks

60

(3)

Stress analysis: an elementary approach

63

(35)

Horizontal load

64

(5)

Wind

64

(1)

Seismic load

65

(2)

Construction misalignment

67

(1)

Comparisons

68

(1)

Buildings braced by parallel walls

69

(7)

Basic principles

70

(2)

Load distribution

72

(3)

Deformations

75

(1)

Buildings braced by perpendicular walls

76

(6)

Load distribution

77

(4)

Deformations

81

(1)

Buildings braced by frameworks

82

(4)

Frameworks in a symmetrical arrangement

82

(1)

Frameworks in an asymmetrical arrangement

83

(3)

Maximum bending moments in the bracing elements

86

(4)

Worked examples

90

(6)

Example 1: building braced by parallel walls

90

(1)

Example 2: building braced by perpendicular walls

91

(3)

Comparison

94

(1)

Example 3: building braced by frameworks and a single wall

94

(2)

Discussion

96

(2)

Stress analysis: an advanced approach

98

(56)

The equivalent column and its load

99

(4)

Deformations of the equivalent column

103

(5)

Horizontal displacements

103

(2)

Rotations

105

(3)

Deformations of the building

108

(2)

Load distribution among the bracing elements

110

(16)

Shear forces and bending moments

110

(11)

Torsional moments

121

(5)

Stresses in the bracing elements

126

(3)

Concentrated force at top level; single-storey buildings

129

(8)

Buildings with Ixy = 0, subjected to uniformly distributed horizontal load

137

(2)

Worked example: a 6-storey building in London

139

(10)

Model: individual shear walls

140

(4)

Model: built-up shear walls and cores

144

(5)

Supplementary remarks

149

(5)

Frameworks and coupled shear walls

149

(1)

Bracing systems with shear or a mixture of shear and bending deformations

150

(1)

Special cases -- scope for simplification

150

(1)

Second-order effects

151

(1)

Soil-structure interaction

152

(2)

Illustrative example; Qualitative and quantitative evaluation

154

(22)

Case 1

155

(8)

Critical load

157

(2)

Fundamental frequency

159

(1)

Maximum stresses and deformations

160

(3)

Case 2

163

(6)

Critical load

165

(1)

Fundamental frequency

166

(1)

Maximum stresses and deformations

167

(2)

Case 3

169

(5)

Critical load

171

(1)

Fundamental frequency

171

(1)

Maximum stresses and deformations

172

(2)

Evaluation

174

(2)

Global critical load ratio

176

(6)

Global critical load ratio -- Global safety factor

177

(1)

Global critical load ratio -- Performance indicator

178

(3)

Further applications

181

(1)

Use of frequency measurements for the global analysis

182

(10)

Stiffnesses

183

(1)

Critical loads

184

(2)

Multistorey buildings under uniformly distributed floor load

184

(2)

Concentrated top load; single-storey buildings

186

(1)

Deformations

186

(6)

Multistorey buildings subjected to horizontal load of trapezoidal distribution

187

(2)

Concentrated force at top level; single-storey buildings

189

(2)

Deformations of the building

191

(1)

Equivalent wall for framework; Buckling analysis of planar structures

192

(46)

Introduction

192

(2)

Characteristic deformations, stiffnesses and part critical loads

194

(5)

Frameworks on fixed supports

199

(11)

The application of summation theorems

200

(1)

The continuum model

201

(3)

The sandwich model

204

(4)

Design formulae

208

(2)

Frameworks on pinned supports

210

(4)

Frameworks without ground floor beams

212

(1)

Frameworks with ground floor beams

213

(1)

Frameworks with ground floor columns of different height

214

(2)

Analysis of coupled shear walls by the frame model

216

(2)

Frameworks with cross-bracing

218

(8)

Shear stiffness and shear critical load

220

(4)

Critical loads

224

(1)

Structures with global regularity

225

(1)

Infilled frameworks

226

(2)

Equivalent wall for 3-dimensional analysis

228

(2)

Shear walls

230

(1)

Symmetrical cross-wall system buildings

231

(2)

Planar bracing elements: a comparison

233

(3)

Supplementary remarks

236

(2)

Test results and accuracy analysis

238

(16)

Description of the models

238

(3)

Horizontal load on Model `M1'

241

(2)

Horizontal load on Model `M2'

243

(2)

Comparative analysis of the formulae for horizontal load

245

(1)

Dynamic tests

246

(2)

Stability tests

248

(6)

Model `M1'

250

(1)

Model `M2'

251

(1)

Deformation of the bracing elements

252

(2)

Evaluation; design guidelines

254

(12)

Spatial behaviour

255

(1)

Stability analysis

255

(1)

Frequency analysis

256

(2)

Stresses and deformations

258

(1)

Structural performance of the bracing system

259

(1)

Stability of planar structures

260

(6)

Low-rise to medium-rise (4--25-storey) structures

260

(3)

Tall (over 25-storey) structures

263

(1)

Structural performance of planar bracing elements

263

(3)

Appendix A Cross-sectional characteristics for bracing elements

266

(12)

Appendix B The generalized power series method for eigenvalue problems

278

(5)

Appendix C Mode coupling parameter κ

283

(32)

References

315

(10)

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Global Structural Analysis of Buildings

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials