The Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Theories and Solutions

This is the second volume in a four-volume series aimed at guiding the pharmaceutical industry toward sustainability. After analyzing and exposing some of the backward and ill-conceived notions that guide the present state of the industry, this volume presents key theories and new, groundbreaking solutions for re-thinking the processes involved in the engineering of pharmaceuticals and offers a fundamental paradigm shift.

The 4 volumes in this ambitious project are:

• Volume 1: Practice, Analysis, and Methodology
• Volume 2: Theories and Solutions
• Volume 3: Applications for Mental Disorder Treatments
• Volume 4: Applications for Physical Disorder Treatments

This ground-breaking set of books is a unique and state-of-the-art study that only appears here, within these pages.  A fascinating study for the engineer, scientist, and pharmacist working in the pharmaceutical industry and interested in sustainability, it is also a valuable textbook for students and faculty studying these subjects.

M. R. Islam, PhD, is a world-wide consultant on environment and energy-related issues. Dr. Islam is known as the most published engineer in the world. He is credited to have coined terms, such as "green petroleum" and "sustainable petroleum development" at a time when "sustainable petroleum" was considered to be an oxymoron. Dr. Islam's most notable contributions are in the areas of sustainability, environmental integrity, and knowledge modeling, on which topic he has written dozens of books and over 700 research papers.

Jaan S. Islam has been active in research on the topics of science and social science. He is a co-author of the theory of mass, energy, time, and human thought material that formed the core of a number of books, including the current series. His previous works include Reconstituting the Curriculum (with M.R. Islam & Gary Zatzman).

Gary M. Zatzman has decades of investigative journalism and research experience, dozens of articles in technical journals, and four previously published books:?Sustainable Resource Development, Sustainable Energy Pricing,?Economics of Intangibles?(with M.R. Islam), and?Reconstituting the Curriculum (with M.R. & J.S. Islam).

M. Safiur Rahman, PhD, is the principal scientific officer at Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission in the field of environmental engineering. Since 2000, Dr. Rahman has been carrying out research works related to the distribution of toxic trace elements in surface and ground water, food chains and the environment for many government agencies and has published over 100 scientific articles and several books.

M.A.H. Mughal is a prominent philanthropist, author, speaker, mentor and a business consultant with 22 years of global experience with some of the world's top companies. He is the author of many articles and is a Chartered Fellow of the British Computer Society and holds many professional designations.

Preface ix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Opening Statement 1

1.2 The Way Out: How Do We Make Use of Existing Knowledge? 1

1.3 The Driver of The Knowledge Model 3

1.4 The Proof of The Pudding is in The Eating! 7

1.5 The Proof is in The Pudding 8

1.6 Summary of Introduction 9

2 Nature-Science Approach: Some Further Consequences 11

2.1 Cognitive Dissonance 11

2.1.1 Summary Remarks about Theories that Disconnect Conscience from Humanity 11

2.2 Foods for Thought 12

2.2.1 Artificial Food Addiction 12

2.2.2 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies 13

2.3 Example from CCD Analysis 17

2.4 A New Approach to Product Characterization 22

2.5 A New Paradigm 25

2.5.1 Violation of Characteristic Time 25

2.5.2 Observation of Nature: Importance of Intangibles 25

2.5.3 Analogy of Physical Phenomena 28

2.5.4 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence 28

2.5.5 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials 30

2.5.6 Redefining Force and Energy 37

2.5.6.1 Force 37

2.5.6.2 Energy 38

2.6 What is a Natural Energy Source? 42

2.7 The Science of Water and Oil 47

2.7.1 Comparison between Water and Petroleum 50

2.7.2 Combustion and Oxidation 65

2.7.3 Natural Energy vs. Artificial Energy 67

2.8 From Natural Energy to Natural Mass 72

2.9 Avalanche Theory of Mass and Energy 98

2.10 Aims of Modeling Natural Phenomena 106

2.11 Simultaneous Characterization of Matter and Energy 108

2.12 Implications 110

2.13 Consequences of Nature-Science for Classical Set Theory and Conventional Notions of Mensuration 114

2.14 Conclusions 116

2.14.1 Need for a Change 116

2.14.2 The Nature Science Approach 117

3 A Knowledge-Based Cognition Model 119

3.1 Abstract 119

3.2 Introduction 120

3.3 The Current Cognitive Model 125

3.3.1 Policy-Making and The Aphenomenal Model 126

3.3.2 The Aphenomenal Model in ‘Science’ 132

3.3.2.1 Example 1: Aphenomenal Time Function 134

3.3.3 Fear and Perception 148

3.4 What is Human Thought Material (HTM)? 151

3.5 Knowledge through Experience or Delinearized History? 154

3.6 HTM from The Standpoint of Nature-Science 156

3.6.1 Cognition with Conscious and Conscientious Participation 156

3.7 The Basic Quantum of HTM 157

3.8 Freedom of Intention 169

3.8.1 The Knowledge-Based Cognition Process 171

3.9 Conclusions 177

4 Implications of a Comprehensive Material Balance Equation for Detecting Causes of Medical Disorders 179

4.1 Summary 179

4.2 Introduction 180

4.3 Paradox and New Science 183

4.3.1 Obesity Paradox 184

4.3.2 Obesity/Mortality Paradox 184

4.3.3 Simpson’s Paradox 184

4.3.4 Low Birth Weight Paradox 187

4.3.5 Prevention Paradox 188

4.3.6 The Novelty Paradox 189

4.3.7 The Paradox of Worsening Conditions With Medications 190

4.3.8 The Prostate Paradox 192

4.3.9 The Health-Lifespan Paradox 192

4.3.10 Smoker’s Paradox 193

4.3.11 Paradox of The Natural 193

4.3.12 The French Paradox 194

4.3.13 Paradox of Aging 194

4.3.14 Paradox of Translational Medicine 194

4.3.15 Peto’s Paradox 195

4.3.16 TGF-β Paradox 195

4.3.17 Hispanic Paradox 195

4.4 Origin of Paradox: Implication of Probability Assumptions 196

4.4.1 Probability of Creation and Life 199

4.5 A Word About Inductive and Conductive Rules 201

4.6 Deconstructing Game Theory 208

4.6.1 Impact of The Deliberate “Hunger Game” 226

4.6.2 The Prisoner’s Dilemma 237

4.7 Towards Explaining Phenomena 253

4.7.1 Blood-Brain Barrier and Cancer 253

4.7.2 New Drug that Works on Cells that Mutate Faster and Works on Smokers 254

4.7.3 Wireless Energy Transfer 256

4.7.4 “Curing” Colorblindness 258

4.7.5 Surgical Intervention—Recapitulating the HSSA Model 260

4.7.6 Editing Embryo: To Engineer or Not to Engineer 264

4.7.7 From ‘Original Sin’ to ‘Original’ Lunacy 265

4.7.8 Teenagers’ Heavy Pot Smoking Tied to Memory Problems (or “How Many Angels can Dance on the Head of a Pin” Updated) 268

4.7.9 Cigarettes – Even a Fetus can Tell What’s Harmful 269

4.7.10 Water, or: Commodification of The Most Abundant Fluid on EarTh271

4.7.11 Accelerating in Reverse 273

4.7.12 Recycling The “Hunger Games” Mantra 276

4.7.13 The Ultimate of ‘Original Sin’ 278

4.7.14 Fifteen Immune-System Boosting Foods (via WebMD) 282

4.7.14.1 Elderberry 282

4.7.14.2 Acai Berry 282

4.7.14.3 Oysters 282

4.7.14.4 Watermelon 283

4.7.14.5 Cabbage 283

4.7.14.6 Almonds 283

4.7.14.7 Grapefruit 283

4.7.14.8 Wheat Germ 283

4.7.14.9 Low-Fat Yogurt 283

4.7.14.10 Garlic 284

4.7.14.11 Spinach 284

4.7.14.12 Tea 284

4.7.14.13 Sweet Potato 284

4.7.14.14 Broccoli 284

4.7.14.15 Button Mushrooms 284

4.7.15 OK for Food… But Not Pets? 285

5 Conclusion and Recommendation 287

5.1 The Importance of Being Earnest About

Cognition versus Perception 287

5.2 HSSAN Degradation 288

5.3 Greening of Pharmaceutical Industry 289

5.3.1 Phases of Life 289

5.3.2 Recognize The Stimulant 290

5.3.3 Remove Negative Stimulant in Order to

Reverse The Symptoms 290

5.3.4 Replacement of Artificial with Natural 291

5.3.5 Medicines and Therapies with Natural Substitutes 291

5.3.6 Mental Conditioning and Staged Prevention 291

References and Bibliography 295

Appendix 319

Index 353

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