Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition

, by Forgas, Joseph P.; Forgas, Joseph P.; Higgins, E. Tory; Petty, Richard E.

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ISBN: 9780805832174 | 0805832173
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/1/2000

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This book offers a comprehensive review and integration of the most recent research and theories on the role of affect in social cognition and features original contributions from leading researchers in the field. The applications of this work to areas such as clinical, organizational, forensic, health, marketing, and advertising psychology receive special emphasis throughout. The book is suitable as a core text in advanced courses on the role of affect in social cognition and behavior or as a reference for those interested in the subject.

Contributors

xiii

Preface

Introduction: Affect and Social Cognition

(26)

Joseph P. Forgas

Philosophical and Speculative Theories Linking Affect and Cognition

(1)

Some Early Empirical Evidence for Affective Influences on Cognition and Judgments

(1)

Psychodynamic Approaches to Affect and Cognition

(1)

Conditioning Approaches to Affect and Cognition

(3)

The Emergence of a Cognitive Paradigm

(3)

Major Areas of Contemporary Research on Affect and Social Cognition

(6)

Affect and Cognition: Fundamental Issues and the Nature of the Relationship

(1)

Affective Influences on the Content of Cognition

(1)

Affect and Social Information Processing

(1)

Affective Influences on Social Motivation and Intentions

(1)

Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior

(1)

Personality and Individual Differences in Affectivity

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(5)

I THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECT AND COGNITION: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES

The Interaction of Affect and Cognition: A Neurobiological Perspective

(23)

Ralph Adolphs

Antonio R. Damasio

Cognitive Affect

(2)

Affective Modulation of Memory, Attention, and Decision Making in Animals

(3)

Affect Modulates Declarative Memory

(4)

Affect Modulates Decision Making

(3)

Affect and Social Judgment

(3)

Conclusions

(2)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

Affect and Attitudes: A Social Neuroscience Approach

(25)

Tiffany A. Ito

John T. Cacioppo

Why Social Neuroscience?

(1)

The Separability of Positive and Negative Affect

(8)

The Evaluative Space Model

(3)

Neural Substrates

(1)

Negativity Bias

(1)

Summary

(1)

Representation of Evaluative Processes Across the Neuraxis

(9)

Feeling without Knowing

(2)

Applications to Implicit and Explicit Prejudice

(2)

Different Evaluative Mechanisms or Decreased Activation with Practice?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(5)

Affect and Cognitive Appraisal Processes

(20)

Craig A. Smith

Leslie D. Kirby

Appraisal Theory: Its Purpose and Major Assumptions

(3)

Structural Models of Appraisal

(4)

Toward a Process Model of Appraisal

(5)

Appraisal Theory, Affect, and Social Cognition

(1)

References

(5)

II AFFECTIVE INFLUENCES ON THE CONTENT OF COGNITION

Mood and Social Memory

(26)

Gordon H. Bower

Joseph P. Forgas

Affective Features of Social Episode Representations

(2)

Memory for Emotional Episodes

(1)

Affective Recall without Factual Recall

(4)

Emotional Units in Associative Networks

103

(1)

Mood-Dependent Retrieval

104

(4)

Mood-Congruent Processing

108

(2)

Limitations on Mood Congruity

110

(2)

Information-Processing Strategies that Moderate Mood Effects on Memory

112

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

115

(1)

Acknowledgments

116

(1)

References

117

(4)

Affect as Information

121

(24)

Gerald L. Clore

Karen Gasper

Erika Garvin

Affect and Judgment

122

(7)

Traditional Views

122

(1)

The Affect-as-Information View

123

(6)

Mood and Processing

129

(7)

Priming and Processing

133

(3)

Mood and Memory

136

(3)

Summary

139

(1)

Acknowledgments

140

(1)

References

141

(4)

Affective Influences on the Self-Concept: Qualifying the Mood-Congruency Principle

145

(18)

Constantine Sedikides

Jeffrey D. Green

The Affect Infusion Model

147

(9)

Type of Self-Conceptions

147

(4)

Individual Differences

151

(3)

Judgmental Task Features

154

(2)

Concluding Remarks

156

(2)

References

158

(5)

III AFFECTIVE INFLUENCES ON SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING

Affective Influences on Social Information Processing

163

(23)

Klaus Fiedler

A Fundamental Processing Dichotomy

165

(17)

Basic Assumptions, Methods, and Findings

166

(2)

Mood-Congruency Effects

168

(1)

Mood Effects on Information-Processing Style

169

(2)

Boundary Conditions of Mood-Congruent Memory and Judgment

171

(1)

Integrating the Evidence in Terms of Processing Differences: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM)

172

(4)

The Processing Consequences of Affect

176

(1)

Affect, Cognition, and Adaptive Learning: Assimilation versus Accommodation

177

(5)

Summary and Conclusions

182

(1)

References

183

(3)

Promotion and Prevention Experiences: Relating Emotions to Nonemotional Motivational States

186

(26)

E. Tory Higgins

Promotion and Prevention Focus Concerns

189

(3)

Promotion and Prevention: Nonemotional Motivational States

192

(3)

Promotion and Prevention: Emotional Experiences

195

(5)

Promotion and Prevention Experiences of Motivational Strength

200

(3)

Additional Implications of Promotion and Prevention for Emotion

203

(5)

Acknowledgments

208

(1)

References

208

(4)

The Role of Affect in Attitude Change

212

(25)

Richard E. Petty

David DeSteno

Derek D. Rucker

Attitude Structure

215

(1)

Attitude Change with Relevant Affect

216

(2)

Affective versus Cognitive Appeals

216

(1)

Fear Appeals

217

(1)

Attitude Change with Irrelevant (Incidental) Affect

218

(10)

Effects of Emotional Factors Under Low-Elaboration Conditions

219

(2)

Effects of Emotional Factors Under High-Elaboration Conditions

221

(2)

Effects of Emotional Factors Under Moderate-Elaboration Conditions

223

(3)

Mood-Correction Effects

226

(2)

Conclusion

228

(1)

References

228

(9)

IV AFFECTIVE INFLUENCES ON MOTIVATION AND INTENTIONS

The Role of Affect in Cognitive-Dissonance Processes

237

(19)

Eddie Harmon-Jones

Overview of the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

238

(2)

Research Paradigms

239

(1)

Role of Negative Affect

240

(1)

A Conceptualization of Why Dissonance Produces Negative Affect

240

(1)

Cognitive Discrepancy as an Antecedent of Negative Affect

241

(4)

Dissonance and Physiological Responses

241

(1)

Dissonance and Self-Reported Negative Affect

242

(1)

Using Assessments of Negative Affect to Understand the Motivation Underlying Dissonance Reduction

242

(2)

Critical Evaluation

244

(1)

On the Causal Relation Between Dissonance, Affect, and Discrepancy Reduction

245

(5)

The Relation of Dissonance-Produced Affect to Discrepancy Reduction

245

(2)

Dissonance and Misattribution of Affect

247

(2)

Independent Sources of Affect and Discrepancy Reduction

249

(1)

Affective Consequences of Cognitive-Discrepancy Reduction

250

(2)

Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Physiological Responses?

251

(1)

Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Negative Affect?

251

(1)

Resolving Discrepant Findings for Physiological Responses and Reported Affect

252

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

252

(1)

Acknowledgments

252

(1)

References

253

(3)

Mood as a Resource in Processing Self-Relevant Information

256

(19)

Yaacov Trope

Melissa Ferguson

Raj Raghunathan

Mood as a Resource in Overcoming Defensiveness

257

(5)

Mood-Incongruent Information Search

258

(3)

Self-Induced Positive Mood

261

(1)

Mood as a Resource and Mood as a Goal

262

(1)

Research on Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Feedback-Seeking Behavior

263

(4)

Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Processing Persuasive Messages

267

(3)

Mood-Incongruent Recall

267

(1)

Affective Consequences of Processing

268

(1)

Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions

269

(1)

Conclusions

270

(2)

References

272

(3)

The Role of Motivated Social Cognition in the Regulation of Affective States

275

(18)

Maureen Wang Erber

Ralph Erber

The Search for Mood Repair

276

(3)

The Social Constraints Model of Mood Regulation and Processing

279

(5)

Mood Regulation: What and When

284

(1)

Research Supporting the Social Constraints Model: The Coolness Effect

285

(1)

Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis I: Strangers versus Romantic Couples

286

(1)

Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis II: Accepting versus Critical Others

287

(1)

Some Parting Thoughts

288

(1)

References

289

(4)

V AFFECTIVE INFLUENCES ON COGNITIVELY MEDIATED SOCIAL BEHAVIORS

Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Processing Strategies

293

(26)

Joseph P. Forgas

Affect Congruence in Interpersonal Behavior

295

(1)

Affect Infusion: A Question of Processing Style?

296

(4)

Affective Influences on Behavior Interpretation

300

(2)

Affect and Eyewitness Memory for Observed Interactions

302

(1)

Affective Influences on Spontaneous Interaction

303

(1)

Affect Infusion and Interpersonal Strategies: Making a Request

304

(3)

Affective Influences on Responding to Unexpected Social Situations

307

(1)

Affective Influences on Planned Strategic Encounters

308

(3)

Affective Influences on Persuasive Communication

311

(1)

The Interaction Between Affect and Cognitive-Processing Strategies

312

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

314

(2)

Acknowledgments

316

(1)

References

316

(3)

Affective Influences on Stereotyping and Intergroup Relations

319

(25)

Galen V. Bodenhausen

Thomas Mussweiler

Shira Gabriel

Kristen N. Moreno

The Affective Context of Intergroup Relations

320

(6)

Chronic Integral Affect

321

(1)

Episodic Integral Affect

322

(2)

Incidental Affect

324

(2)

Mechanisms of Affective Influence on the Stereotyping Process

326

(11)

Category Identification

326

(2)

Stereotype Activation

328

(2)

Stereotype Application

330

(6)

Stereotype Correction

336

(1)

Final Thoughts

337

(1)

References

338

(6)

Affect and Health-Relevant Cognition

344

(27)

Peter Salovey

Jerusha B. Detweiler

Wayne T. Steward

Brian T. Bedell

Induced Mood and Thoughts about Health

346

(3)

Direct Effects of Mood on Illness: Findings from Psychoneuroimmunology

349

(2)

Induced Mood and Immunologic Parameters

349

(1)

Laughter and Immunity

350

(1)

Dispositional Links Between Mood and Health

351

(7)

Optimism

351

(1)

Hope

352

(1)

Religiosity

353

(1)

Mood-Regulatory Skills

354

(1)

Hardiness

355

(1)

Negative Affectivity

356

(1)

Affect Intensity

357

(1)

Mood and Attentional Focus

358

(1)

Affect, Health-Relevant Cognition, and Social Support

359

(2)

Changes in Mood Motivate Health-Relevant Behaviors

361

(1)

Conclusion

362

(1)

Acknowledgments

363

(1)

References

363

(8)

VI THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN AFFECTIVITY

Personality as a Moderator of Affective Influences on Cognition

371

(21)

Cheryl L. Rusting

Personality Traits that Enhance Mood-Congruent Processing

375

(4)

Extraversion and Neuroticism

375

(3)

Other Negative Traits

378

(1)

Personality Traits that Reverse Negative Mood-Congruent Processing

379

(4)

Mood-Regulation

380

(2)

Self-Esteem

382

(1)

When Are Personality and Mood Effects on Cognition Present?

383

(4)

Type of Mood Induction

384

(1)

Motivations to Regulate Emotions

385

(1)

Type of Cognitive Task

386

(1)

Difficulties in Research on Personality, Mood, and Cognition

387

(1)

References

388

(4)

Affect, Stress, and Personality

392

(18)

Jerry Suls

The Big Five, Affective Experience, and Stress

394

(2)

Neuroticism and Responses to Life Events

396

(3)

Processes Contributing to the Neurotic Cascade

399

(3)

Personality in the Context of Affective-Cognitive Networks

402

(1)

Person x Environment Fit: The Case of Agreeableness

403

(2)

Conclusions

405

(1)

Acknowledgments

406

(1)

References

406

(4)

Emotion, Intelligence, and Emotional Intelligence

410

(23)

John D. Mayer

Putting Emotion and Cognition in Their Place

413

(5)

The Trilogy of Mind

413

(2)

Other Parts of Personality

415

(1)

Emotional Traits

415

(1)

Cognitive Traits

416

(1)

Emotion and Cognition: What Is Intelligence and What Is Not?

417

(1)

The Theory of Emotional Intelligence

418

(5)

Emotion as Information

418

(1)

Emotional Perception

419

(1)

Emotional Integration

420

(1)

Understanding Emotion

421

(1)

Management of Emotion

422

(1)

Emotional Intelligence as a Standard Intelligence

423

(3)

Measuring Emotional Intelligence as an Ability

423

(1)

A Description of the MEIS

424

(1)

Scoring the MEIS

425

(1)

Findings with the MEIS

425

(1)

Discussion and Conclusion

426

(2)

References

428

(5)

Author Index

433

(18)

Subject Index

451

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Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition

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Table of Contents

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