Handbook of Dementing Illnesses, Second Edition

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ISBN: 9780824758387 | 0824758382
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/13/2006

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This detailed guide presents authoritative reviews on a wide range of topics pertinent to the care of patients with dementing illnesses, including ethics, epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment, genetics and biomarkers in dementia, comorbid conditions, depression, and care planning issues. The book also explores depression and dementia, pharmacotherapy, and prevention strategies.

Preface

iii

Contributors

xiii

Ethical Issues in Dementia

(16)

Jason H. T. Karlawish

Introduction

(1)

The Foundations for Effective Decision Making

(5)

Addressing the Challenges of Specific Decisions

(6)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(4)

Epidemiology, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease: Methods Influence Conclusions

(24)

Walter A. Kukull

Introduction

(1)

Recognizing and Diagnosing Dementias

(1)

Prevalence

(2)

Incidence of Dementia

(3)

Analytic Epidemiology: Progression of Basic Study Designs

(2)

Genes and Alzheimer's Disease: Epidemiologic Context

(2)

The Search for Causal Factors

(3)

References

(10)

Healthy Brain Aging

(18)

Joseph F. Quinn

Jeffrey Kaye

Functional Changes Seen in Healthy Brain Aging---Noncognitive

(2)

Functional Changes Seen in Healthy Brain Aging---Cognitive

(1)

Structural Changes Seen in Healthy Brain Aging---Pathology

(4)

Structural Changes Seen in Healthy Brain Aging---Neuroimaging

(3)

Summary

(1)

References

(7)

Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia

(30)

Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer

Stephanie Johnson

Purpose of the Neuropsychological Assessment

(1)

Assessment of Cognitive Impairment

(2)

Neuropsychological Testing Procedures

(17)

References

(9)

Neuroimaging in Dementia: Structural Imaging

(18)

Kejal Kantarci

Clifford Jack, Jr.

Cross-Sectional Case-Control Studies in Which the Cases Are Patients with Probable AD

(2)

Cross-Sectional Case-Control Studies in Which the Cases Are Nondemented Individuals Who Are at Elevated Risk of Developing AD in the Future

(2)

Longitudinal Cohort Studies that Test the Ability of MR Techniques to Predict Future Progression to AD in Nondemented Individuals, Particularly Those Who Are at Elevated Risk of Developing AD in the Future

(1)

Radiological-Pathological Correlation Studies

(1)

Longitudinal Cohort Studies that Correlate Clinical Disease Progression Over Time with Change on Serial MRI

(2)

Therapeutic Trials in Which Serial MR Measurements Are Correlated with Clinical Disease Progression in Order to Assess Therapeutic Efficacy

(1)

Amyloid Imaging and Future Directions

(2)

References

100

(7)

Functional Imaging in Dementia

107

(22)

Reisa Sperling

Keith Johnson

Functional Imaging Techniques

108

(1)

Image Interpretation, Qualitative, and Quantitative Analysis

109

(2)

Regional Patterns

111

(1)

Correlation with Clinical Parameters

112

(1)

Relationship of Functional Alterations to Atrophy

113

(1)

Diagnostic Accuracy

114

(2)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

116

(1)

Cognitive Activation Studies

117

(1)

Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

118

(1)

Functional Imaging in Genetically ``At-Risk'' Subjects for AD

119

(1)

Longitudinal Studies

120

(1)

Use of Functional Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice

120

(1)

References

121

(8)

The Neuropathology of Dementia

129

(34)

Suzanne S. Mirra

Lynette G. Sheffield

Introduction

129

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease

129

(9)

Lewy Body Disorders

138

(4)

The Tauopathies

142

(7)

Huntington's Disease

149

(1)

Vascular Dementias

150

(3)

Summary

153

(1)

References

153

(10)

Genetics of Dementia

163

(12)

Anne L. Brunkan

Alison M. Goate

Introduction

163

(1)

Inherited Familial AD

163

(1)

Insights from Genetics

164

(6)

Challenges for the Future

170

(1)

References

171

(4)

Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia

175

(16)

Douglas Galasko

Introduction

175

(3)

Pathological Changes and Mechanisms Implicated in AD

178

(1)

CSF Biomarker Studies in AD and Dementia

179

(5)

Peripheral Biomarkers

184

(1)

Future Trends

185

(1)

References

186

(5)

Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

191

(18)

John C. Morris

Nondemented Cognitive Aging

192

(1)

Definition of Dementia

192

(1)

Detection of Dementia

193

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease

193

(5)

Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

198

(3)

Mild Cognitive Impairment

201

(2)

References

203

(6)

Down's Syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, and Dementia

209

(12)

David J. Loren

David M. Holtzman

History

209

(1)

Genetics

209

(1)

Clinical Issues in DS

210

(1)

Clinical Course of Dementia in Down's Syndrome

211

(2)

Neuropathology in Down's Syndrome

213

(2)

Insights from Animal Models

215

(1)

Summary

216

(1)

References

217

(4)

Dementia in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Disorders

221

(20)

James E. Galvin

Introduction

221

(2)

Lewy Body Disease Subtypes

223

(5)

Neuropathology

228

(3)

Evaluation of LB Disorders

231

(1)

Treatment

232

(1)

References

233

(8)

Frontotemporal Dementia

241

(12)

Weichung Liu

Bruce L. Miller

Demographics

241

(1)

Historical Issues in Nomenclature

241

(3)

Clinical Features

244

(2)

Genetics

246

(1)

Animal Models

247

(1)

Pathology

247

(1)

Prognosis and Diagnosis

247

(1)

Imaging and Treatment

248

(1)

References

248

(5)

Vascular Dementia

253

(24)

Helena C. Chui

Introduction

253

(2)

Diagnosis

255

(9)

Prognosis

264

(2)

Major CVD Risk Factors and Their Relationship to CVBI

266

(1)

Treatment

267

(3)

References

270

(7)

Prion Diseases and Dementia

277

(26)

James A. Mastrianni

Introduction

277

(1)

Prion Protein

278

(2)

Doppel, the Prion-Like Protein

280

(1)

Clinical and Pathologic Subtypes of PrD

280

(1)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

281

(8)

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) Syndrome

289

(2)

Fatal Insomnia (FI)

291

(1)

The Polymorphic Codon 129

292

(1)

Acquired PrD

293

(2)

Differential Diagnosis

295

(1)

Therapy for PrD

295

(1)

References

296

(7)

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

303

(18)

Thomas A. Krefft

Neill R. Graff-Radford

Introduction

303

(1)

Differential Diagnosis, History, Clinical Examination and Neuropsychological Evaluation

304

(2)

Radiological Evaluation

306

(3)

Special Testing

309

(3)

Assessment for Patient Improvement

312

(1)

Shunt Complications

312

(1)

Which Shunt to Recommend

313

(1)

Associations of Idiopathic NPH with Implications Related to Etiology

313

(3)

Conclusion

316

(1)

References

316

(5)

HIV-Associated Dementia

321

(12)

David B. Clifford

Mary Gould

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

321

(1)

Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS

321

(1)

Natural History of HIV

322

(1)

Natural History and Classification of HIV-Associated Dementia

322

(1)

Epidemiology of HIV-Associated Dementia

323

(1)

Clinical Features of HAD

323

(1)

Pathology and Mechanisms

324

(1)

Diagnosis and Monitoring

325

(2)

Therapy

327

(2)

References

329

(4)

Influence of Comorbidities in Dementia

333

(16)

Dennis T. Villareal

Introduction

333

(1)

Nutritional Disorders: Vitamin B Deficiency

333

(2)

Medication-Induced Dementia

335

(1)

Alcoholic Related-Dementia

336

(1)

Metabolic Disorders

336

(4)

Organ Failure

340

(3)

Frequency and Reversibility of Comorbidities in Dementia

343

(1)

Diagnostic Evaluation

344

(1)

References

344

(5)

Depression and Dementia

349

(12)

Eugene H. Rubin

Types of Depression

349

(2)

Important Issues About Depressive Disorders

351

(1)

Depression and Dementia

352

(4)

Conclusion

356

(1)

References

356

(5)

Management of the Driver with Dementia

361

(16)

David B. Carr

Bonnie M. Dobbs

John C. Morris

The Older Driver

361

(1)

Driving Patterns of Individuals with Dementia

362

(1)

Studies on the Impact of Dementia on Driving Competence

362

(1)

Office Assessment of Driving Competence in Individuals with a Dementia

363

(6)

Assessment of Driving Skills in Drivers with a Dementia

369

(1)

Assessing Comorbid Conditions

370

(1)

Driving Restriction and Cessation Issues

370

(2)

Ethical, Legal, and Public Policy Issues

372

(1)

Conclusion

373

(1)

References

373

(4)

The Plan of Care

377

(16)

Mary A. Coats

Janice L. Palmer

Introduction

377

(1)

Telling the Diagnosis

377

(1)

Safety Issues

378

(5)

Health Maintenance

383

(3)

Advance Directives

386

(1)

Family Caregiver Burden

386

(1)

Maintaining Activity

387

(3)

Preparing for Late Stage Issues

390

(1)

References

391

(2)

Comprehensive Review of Caregiving for the Health Care Professional

393

(12)

Ann S. Morrison

Peter V. Rabins

Overview of Caregiving

393

(2)

Problems Arising Directly and Indirectly from the Caregiving Situation

395

(1)

Outcomes of Caregiving

396

(1)

Modifying Caregiver Distress

397

(1)

Stage Specific Caregiving Responsibilities

398

(3)

Bereavement

401

(1)

Conclusions

401

(1)

Appendix

402

(1)

References

402

(3)

Pharmacology for the Cognitive Symptoms of Dementia

405

(12)

Martin R. Farlow

Alzheimer's Disease: Current Therapeutic Options

405

(1)

Treatment Options

406

(3)

Cholinesterase Inhibitors (General Features)

409

(1)

Alternative Treatment Options

409

(3)

Alzheimer's Disease with Concomitant Vascular Dementia and Vascular Dementia (VaD)

412

(1)

Conclusions

412

(1)

References

412

(5)

Treatment of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease

417

(16)

Donna Masterman

Importance of Treating Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease

417

(1)

The Prevalence of Behavioral Symptoms in AD

417

(1)

The Cholinergic Deficit in AD and Neuropsychiatric Symptomatology

418

(3)

Evaluating Behavioral Disturbances in Patients with Dementia

421

(1)

Non-Pharmacological Behavioral Interventions

421

(1)

Pharmacological Interventions

422

(4)

Caregiver Support

426

(1)

Appendix 1

427

(1)

Appendix 2

427

(1)

References

428

(5)

Amyloid-Based Strategies to Treat and Prevent Alzheimer's Disease

433

(20)

Dennis J. Selkoe

Introduction

433

(1)

Deciphering the Biochemistry of the Brain Lesions Yields Pathogenetic Insights

433

(2)

Aβ Is Generated by Proteolytic Cleavages of a Large Precursor Protein

435

(3)

The Genetics of AD Validates Aβ Inhibition as a Prevention and Treatment Strategy

438

(1)

Deciphering the Genotype to Phenotype Conversions of Familial AD

439

(3)

The Complex Pathogenetic Cascade of AD

442

(1)

Questions Abound

443

(2)

Therapeutic Opportunities Provided by the Aβ Cascade

445

(2)

References

447

(6)

Prevention Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease

453

(22)

Maria M. Corrada

Claudia H. Kawas

Public Health Importance and Prevention

453

(1)

Types of Prevention

454

(1)

Potential Preventive Interventions

455

(10)

Causality

465

(1)

Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials

465

(2)

Public Health Impact of Delaying the Onset of AD

467

(1)

Summary

468

(1)

References

468

(7)

Dementia Update 2006

475

(30)

John C. Morris

Alzheimer's Disease

476

(12)

Mild Cognitive Impairment

488

(2)

Non-AD Dementias

490

(3)

Summary

493

(2)

References

495

(10)

Index

505

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Handbook of Dementing Illnesses, Second Edition

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Table of Contents

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