A Handbook Of Play Therapy With Aggressive Children

, by Crenshaw, David A.; Mordock, John B.

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ISBN: 9780765700315 | 076570031X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/14/2005

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This book is the most comprehensive and detailed compilation of specific and practical techniques available for child and play therapists to draw on in the treatment of aggressive children. Written by two authors with a combined experience of over 50 years in the residential treatment of severely aggressive and often traumatized children, the book will be invaluable to new as well as seasoned child practitioners because of the broad range of the interventions and the clear rationale that guides their use.

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Preface

xvii

Play Therapy, the Child's Expectations and Psychodynamics, and the Therapeutic Alliance

(20)

Play Therapy

(1)

The Child's Initial Expectations of Therapy

(2)

The Contribution of Play Therapy

(1)

Efforts to Facilitate Verbalization in Play Therapy

(1)

The Psychodynamics of Gorilla-Suit Wearers

(4)

The Therapeutic Alliance

(2)

Difficult Alliances: Children in Gorilla Suits

(1)

Three Efforts That Aid in the Formation of the Alliance

(3)

Attend to Their Visible and Invisible Wounds

(2)

Convey Profound Respect

(1)

Highlight Their Strengths

(1)

Signs of a Developing Alliance

(2)

A Case Example

(3)

Aims of Play Therapy with Fawns in Gorilla Suits

(15)

Increased Capacity for Sound Judgment Making

(4)

Clarifying Intention and Motivation

(1)

Reduction of Excessive and Unrealistic Self-Preoccupation and Increased Understanding of Self

(3)

Developing New Perspectives

(1)

Increased Understanding of the World of Feelings

(1)

Increased Understanding of Choices and Consequences

(1)

Fortification of Weak Defenses and Easing of Rigid Defenses

(1)

Stronger Relationships with Caregivers

(1)

Finding Meaning and Coherence

(1)

Facilitating a Vision of a More Hopeful Future

(1)

Countertransference Feeling Can Aid Treatment

(2)

Setting Limits on Destructive and Controlling Behaviors

(13)

Limit Therapy to the Therapy Room

(1)

Limit Destructive Behaviors

(5)

Silent Limits

(1)

Humorous Limits

(1)

Limit Controlling Behaviors

(3)

Limit Physical Involvement

(3)

What Limits Achieve

(1)

Setting Limits on Other Obtrusive Behavior

(13)

Limit Efforts to Anger

(1)

Limit Seductiveness

(1)

Limit Projections

(1)

Limit Unproductive Play

(1)

Limit Dilution of the Therapy Relationship

(1)

Limit Undisciplined Behavior outside Therapy

(2)

Limit Comparisons with Other Therapists

(1)

Limiting Perseveration

(1)

Limiting Institutional Practices That Distract from the Total Treatment Program

(1)

Limits Are Not Forever

(1)

Limits Set in Later Phases of Therapy

(3)

Limit Defiance, Both Obvious and Disguised

(1)

Limit Adoption Fantasies

(2)

A Decision Grid for Play Therapy

(17)

The Invitational Approach

(5)

The Coping Approach

(5)

Differential Decision Making

(1)

Switching Approaches in Midstream

(2)

Therapeutic Expectations

(1)

Orientation to a Positive Future

(1)

Typical Play Themes of Fawns in Gorilla Suits

(12)

Control, Dominance, and Power

(2)

Threat

(1)

Abandonment and Rejection

(2)

Separation and Loss

(1)

Guilt and Shame: The Need for Punishment

(1)

Deprivation

(2)

Need for Nurturance

(1)

Symbols of Healing: Caring for the Wounded and Fixing Broken Things

(2)

Developing Distancing and Displacement through Playful Actions

(20)

Clay

(1)

Harmless Destruction!

(1)

Reaming Them Out!

(1)

Knocking Down the Walls of Anger!

(1)

The Mad Game

(1)

The Anger Bucket!

(1)

Having a Field Day with Magic Markers!

(1)

The Anger Balloon

(1)

Drawing Strategies

(9)

Volcano Pictures

(4)

Storm Pictures

103

(1)

Fire-Breathing Dragons

103

(2)

Anger Thermometer

105

(2)

Encouraging Communication of Violent Fantasies

107

(2)

Conclusion

109

(2)

Developing Displacement and Distancing by Teaching, Modeling, and Structuring Action Play

111

(15)

Getting at Preverbal Concepts

115

(1)

Structuring Memory

115

(2)

Development of Displacement and Distancing

117

(4)

Playroom Toys

121

(5)

The Fair Trial

123

(1)

Rage toward Others and toward Victims

124

(2)

Creating More Mature Defenses and Calming Strategies

126

(15)

Developing and Supporting Defenses

127

(5)

Splitting

128

(1)

Binding and Compartmentalization

129

(2)

Dissociation

131

(1)

Grandiosity

131

(1)

Negativism

131

(1)

Development of the More Mature Defenses

132

(2)

Encouraging Sublimation and Reaction Formation

134

(1)

Calming Activities

135

(3)

Rewarding Mature Defenses

138

(1)

When to Begin to Interpret Defenses

139

(1)

Conclusion

139

(2)

The Role of Interpretation: Elementary Concepts

141

(15)

Empathetic Interpretations

143

(1)

Dynamic Interpretations

144

(1)

Preparation

145

(3)

Attention Statements

145

(1)

Reductive Statements

146

(1)

Situational Statements

147

(1)

Interpretation of Defenses

148

(2)

Step-by-Step Progression

150

(1)

Interpretation within the Metaphor

151

(1)

Wording the Interpretation

152

(3)

Conclusion

155

(1)

Making Interpretations: Advanced Concepts

156

(13)

Seven Stages

156

(4)

Session 23: Interpretation and Response

157

(1)

Sessions 24 and 25: Working Through

158

(1)

Session 26: Insight

159

(1)

Generalization, Externalization, and Projective Identification

160

(3)

Transference Interpretations

163

(3)

Interpretation of Wishes

166

(2)

Conclusion

168

(1)

Windows into the Inner World: Spontaneous Drawings as a Bridge to Fantasy Play

169

(7)

Windows into the Inner World: Specific Drawing Techniques

176

(28)

Boat in the Storm

177

(6)

Family Doing Something Together

183

(4)

A Safe Place

187

(17)

Color Your Life

189

(4)

The Magic Key

193

(3)

Your Place

196

(2)

Draw the Problem

198

(2)

Draw the Worst Experience of Your Life

200

(4)

Teaching and Modeling Pro-Social Skills with Special Emphasis on Empathy

204

(13)

Becoming More ``Likable''

205

(1)

Appropriate Self-Assertion

205

(2)

The Importance of Empathy

207

(8)

The Empathy Picture and Story Series

207

(4)

Film Clips

211

(1)

Empathy Practice Scenarios

211

(4)

Empathy for the Healer

215

(2)

Teaching the Language of Feelings

217

(13)

Basket of Feelings

218

(3)

Gingerbread Person/Feelings Map

221

(2)

Affect Recognition Pictures and Stories

223

(6)

Feelings Charades

229

(1)

Facilitating Affect Expression and Modulation

230

(6)

Empowerment Play

231

(2)

Psychodrama

233

(1)

Garbage Bag Technique

233

(1)

A Cautionary Note about Timing and Pacing

234

(2)

Facilitating Contained Reenactment of Trauma

236

(19)

Why Undertake Trauma Work?

237

(1)

The Meaning Given to the Experience

238

(1)

Secondary Trauma: The Silent Bond

239

(1)

Intervening in Posttraumatic Play

240

(1)

Crucial Cues from the Child

241

(4)

Reflections of Affect and Motives

245

(1)

An Illustrative Case

246

(6)

Enactment of Trauma as a Result of Unpredictable Triggering

252

(2)

Dynamic Flexibility and Titrating the Approach

254

(1)

Helping Children to Mourn Tangible Losses

255

(12)

Children Grieve in Steps

256

(1)

Treatment over Time

257

(1)

Acknowledged Losses

258

(3)

Dramatic Play and Tangible Losses

261

(1)

Structured Activities to Help Express Tangible Losses

262

(5)

Memory Book or Album

262

(1)

Poems, Songs, and Journal Writing

263

(1)

Photographs and ``Linking Objects''

263

(1)

Reliving Funerals and Memorial Services

264

(1)

Family Therapy Sessions

265

(2)

Helping Children to Grieve Unacknowledged, Intangible, and Invisible Losses

267

(16)

Denial of Loss

267

(8)

Conflicted Relationships and Loss

270

(2)

Insecure Attachments

272

(1)

Divorce and Loss

273

(2)

Finding New Meaning and Shaping a Narrative Memory

275

(1)

Shaping a New Perspective

275

(1)

Structured Activities to Access Feelings Associated with Intangible Losses

275

(7)

Structured Drawings

275

(2)

Re-Create the World

277

(1)

Two Memory Books

277

(1)

Evocative Aids: Color-Coded Time Line

278

(3)

Evocative Aids: Selected Video Clips

281

(1)

Conclusion

282

(1)

The Process

283

(16)

The First Stage: Anxiety Management

284

(5)

Session 1

284

(1)

Sessions 2 and 3

285

(1)

Session 4

285

(1)

Later Sessions

286

(1)

Revelations in the First Session

286

(1)

Violent Play and Identification with the Aggressor

287

(2)

The Second Stage: Conflict Resolution

289

(1)

Increased Negativism

290

(3)

The Third Stage: Productive Play

293

(4)

The Reemergence of Anger and Chaos

296

(1)

The Struggle with Confusing Parental Ties

297

(1)

The Fourth Phase: Counseling about Present Concerns

297

(1)

The Last Phase: Termination

298

(1)

Ending Therapy

299

(16)

The Process of Ending Therapy

302

(1)

Prior Losses Revisited

303

(1)

Rehearsals for Ending

304

(1)

Specific Techniques for Preparing the Child for Termination

305

(2)

The Talk Show Interview

306

(1)

The Year Book

306

(1)

Jose and Pete on the Mountain

307

(1)

Expanding the Circle of Trust

307

(1)

The Countdown to Termination

308

(1)

Planning Together the Final Sessions

309

(1)

One Final Conversation about Words Unspoken

309

(1)

Some Concluding Remarks

309

(1)

Jose and Pete on the Mountain

310

(5)

Bibliography

315

(12)

Index

327

(10)

About the Authors

337

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A Handbook Of Play Therapy With Aggressive Children

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials