The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice

This Handbook presents current and future studies on the changing dynamics of the role of immigrants and the impact of immigration, across the United States and industrialized and developing nations. It covers the changing dynamics of race, ethnicity, and immigration, and discusses how it all contributes to variations in crime, policing, and the overall justice system. Through acknowledging that some groups, especially people of color, are disproportionately influenced more than others in the case of criminal justice reactions, the “War on Drugs”, and hate crimes; this Handbook introduces the importance of studying race and crime so as to better understand it. It does so by recommending that researchers concentrate on ethnic diversity in a national and international context in order to broaden their demographic and expand their understanding of how to attain global change. 

Featuring contributions from top experts in the field, The Handbook of Race and Crime is presented in five sections—An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice; Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Crime; Race, Gender, and the Justice System; Gender and Crime; and Race, Gender and Comparative Criminology. Each section of the book addresses a key area of research, summarizes findings or shortcomings whenever possible, and provides new results relevant to race/crime and justice. Every contribution is written by a top expert in the field and based on the latest research.

With a sharp focus on contemporary race, ethnicity, crime, and justice studies, The Handbook of Race and Crime is the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars interested in the disciplines such as Criminology, Race and Ethnicity, Race and the Justice System, and the Sociology of Race. 

RAMIRO MARTÍNEZ, JR. is Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice and the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Northeastern University, USA. In 2011, he was the recipient of American Society of Criminology DPCC's Lifetime Achievement for outstanding scholarship in the area of race, crime, and justice.

MEGHAN E. HOLLIS is Assistant Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Texas State University, USA. She has published in numerous academic journals, including Sociological Focus; Crime, Law, and Social Change; Journal of Experimental Criminology; Security Journal; and Journal of Community Psychology.

JACOB I. STOWELL is Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Northeastern University, USA. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University at Albany–SUNY. His published work has appeared in Criminology, Law and Society Review, and The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

Notes on Contributors ix

Introduction: Past, Present, and Future 1
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

Part I An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice 11

Introduction 13
Ramiro Martinez, Jr. and Meghan E. Hollis

1 Intentional Inequalities and Compounding Effects: The State of Race and Justice Theory and Research 17
Kevin Drakulich and Eric Rodriguez‐Whitney

2 Ethnicity and Crime 39
Saundra Trujillo and Maria B. Velez

3 Immigration, Crime, and Victimization in the US Context: An Overview 65
Philip M. Pendergast, Tim Wadsworth, and Joshua LePree

4 Hate Crime Research in the Twenty‐First Century 87
Janice A. Iwama

5 Native American Crime, Policing, and Social Context 105
Randall R. Butler and R. Steven Jones

6 Crime and Delinquency among Asian American Youth: A Review of the Evidence and an Agenda for Future Research 129
Yue Zhuo and Sheldon Zhang

7 Racial and Ethnic Threat: Theory, Research, and New Directions 147
Brian J. Stults and Nic Swagar

8 The Rise of Mass Deportation in the United States 173
Daniel E. Martinez, Jeremy Slack, and Ricardo Martinez‐Schuldt

Part II Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Race,Ethnicity, Crime, and Criminal Justice 203

Introduction 205
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

9 Racisms and Crime: Racialized Elaborations of General Theories of Offending 209
Stacy De Coster, Rena C. Zito, and Jennifer Lutz

10 What Was Old Is New Again: An Examination of Contemporary Theoretical Approaches Used in Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice Research 227
Scott Wm. Bowman and Meghan E. Hollis

11 Racial Threat and Police Coercion 255
Malcolm D. Holmes

12 “Fractured Reflections” in Cooley’s Looking Glass: Nonrecognition of Self‐Presentation as Racialized Experience 279
Anne Warfield Rawls and Waverly Orlando Duck

13 Examining the Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation within the Discipline: A Case for Feminist and Queer Criminology 303
Lindsay Kahle, Jill Leslie Rosenbaum, and Sanna King

Part III Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice System Involvement 327

Introduction 329
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

14 Policing Race, Gender, and Ethnicity 331
M. George Eichenberg and Shannon Hankhouse

15 Ethnographic Reflexivity: Geographic Comparisons of Gangs and Policing in the Barrios of the Southwest 353
Robert J. Duran

16 Ethnicity, Immigration, and the Experience of Incarceration 371
Kathryn Benier and Suzanna Fay‐Ramirez

17 The Puzzle of Prison Towns: Race, Rurality, and Reflexivity in Community Studies 393
John M. Eason

Part IV Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Study of Crime and Criminal Justice 411

Introduction 413
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

18 LGBTQ Populations of Color, Crime, and Justice:An Emerging but Urgent Topic 415
Vanessa R. Panfil

19 Gender and Crime: Black Female Crime 435
Andrea Leverentz

20 Intersectionality, Immigration, and Domestic Violence 457
Edna Erez and Shannon Harper

21 A Case Study: Neighborhood Factors and Intimate and Non‐intimate Aggravated Assaults 475
Amie L. Nielsen, Kristin Carbone‐Lopez, and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

Part V Comparative Approaches to Studying Race, Ethnicity,Crime, and Justice 505

Introduction 507
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

22 Repatriation 509
Shirley Leyro

23 Mass Deportation: Forced Removal, Immigrant Threat,and Disposable Labor in a Global Context 527
Andrea Gomez Cervantes and Cecilia Menjivar

Conclusion 547
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martinez, Jr.

Index 551

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