The Handbook of Rationality

The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines.

Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience.
 
The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.
 

Markus Knauff is Professor of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science at the University of Giessen. Wolfgang Spohn is Professor Emeritus at the Philosophy Department of the University of Konstanz and Senior Professor at the University of Tübingen.

Preface ix
Overview of the Handbook xi
Psychological and Philosophical Frameworks of Rationality--A Systematic Introduction 1
I Origin and Key Issues of Rationality 
Section 1 Origins of Rationality
Section 2 Key Issues of Rationality
II Theoretical Rationality 
Section 3 Deductive Reasoning 
Section 4 Probabilistic Reasoning 
Section 5 Belief Revision, Defeasible Reasoning, and Argumentation Theory
Section 6 Conditional and Counterfactual Reasoning 
Section 7 Casual and Diagnostic Reasoning
III Practical Rationality
Section 8 Individual Rationality and Decision Making
Section 9 Game Theory
Section 10 Aspects of Social Rationality
Section 11 Deontic and Legal Reasoning 
Section 12 Moral Thinking and Rationality
IV Facets of Rationality 
Section 13 Visual and Spatial Reasoning 
Section 14 Scientific Rationality
Section 15 Individual Differences, Learning, and Improvement of Rational Thinking
Contributors 807
Name Index 811
Subject Index 843