Handbook of Real-world Applications in Modeling and Simulation

, by Sokolowski, John A.; Banks, Catherine M.

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ISBN: 9781118117774 | 1118117778
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/24/2012

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This handbook provides a thorough explanation of modeling and simulation in the most useful, current, and predominant applied areas, such as transportation, homeland security, medicine, operational research, military science, and business modeling. The authors offer a concise look at the key concepts and techniques of modeling and simulation and then discuss how and why the presented domains have become leading applications. The book begins with an introduction of why modeling and simulation is a reliable analysis assessment tool for complex systems problems and then explains why the selected domains are drawn upon to proffer solutions for these problems. This will be followed by six chapters discussing the Transportation, Homeland Security Risk Modeling, Operational Analysis, Medical, Military, and Business Modeling domains. Each of these application chapters contain a comprehensive approach to explaining the respective domain and include material on background or history, theory, modeling paradigms, and case studies. Each chapter also include key terms, techniques, exercises, a list of references, and suggestions for further reading materials. The remaining chapters cover in-depth coverage of each application area and includes the various case studies and the methodologies used.

Contributors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
research and analysis for real-world Applications	p. 8
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 8
Learning Objectives	p. 10
Background	p. 10
M&S Theory and Toolbox	p. 13
Simulation Paradigms	p. 15
Types of Modeling	p. 16
Modeling Applications	p. 17
Research and Analysis Methodologies	p. 18
Case Study: A Methodology for M&S Project
Progression	p. 20
Summary	p. 23
Key Terms	p. 24
Exercises	p. 25
References	p. 25
Human Behavior Modeling: A Real-World Application	p. 26
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 26
Background and Theory	p. 27
Classical Decision Theory	p. 27
Naturalistic Decision Making	p. 31
Recognition-Primed Decision Model	p. 33
Military Decision Making	p. 37
Computational Techniques for Implementing the CJTF Decision Process	p. 40
Summary of the State-of-the-Art	p. 53
Case Studies	p. 54
Summary	p. 81
Key Terms	p. 82
Exercises	p. 83
References	p. 83
Appendix: A Decision Scenario and Associated Data	p. 88
Transportation	p. 93
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 93
Background	p. 94
Theory	p. 95
Simulation Levels	p. 95
Traffic Analysis Zones	p. 97
The Four-Step Model	p. 98
Method of Successive Averages	p. 102
Volume Delay Functions	p. 105
Dynamic Traffic Assignment	p. 108
Modeling Applications	p. 113
Traffic Demand Models	p. 113
Public Transportation Models	p. 114
Freight Modeling	p. 117
Evacuation Simulations	p. 121
Summary	p. 124
Key Terms	p. 125
Exercises	p. 126
References	p. 126
Further Reading	p. 127
Homeland Security Risk Modeling	p. 129
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 129
Background	p. 131
Bioterrorism Risk Assessment 2006	p. 132
Estimating Likelihood of Terrorist Events	p. 133
Risk Assessed as a Function of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence	p. 135
Theory and Applications in Risk Modeling	p. 136
Philosophical Considerations	p. 137
Ontology and Epistemology	p. 138
Issues and Implications for the Risk Analyst	p. 138
Philosophical Considerations Summary	p. 141
System Principals and Applications for the Risk Analyst	p. 142
Factors in Developing a Risk Assessment Study Plan	p. 143
Scope and Bound in a Risk Study: Constraints, Limitations, and Assumptions	p. 145
Weil-Known Challenge in Homeland Security Studies	p. 146
Elements of a Study Plan	p. 147
Modeling Paradigms	p. 148
Simple Verses Complex Methodologies	p. 148
Quantitative and Qualitative Designs	p. 148
Modeling Approaches and Examples	p. 150
Verification and Validation for Risk Models	p. 156
Case Studies	p. 157
Summary	p. 161
Key Terms	p. 161
Exercises	p. 161
References	p. 162
Further Reading	p. 164
operations Research	p. 165
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 165
Background	p. 166
OR Techniques	p. 168
Theory	p. 169
Problem Structuring Methods	p. 169
Queuing Theory	p. 175
Decision Analysis	p. 179
Game Theory	p. 182
Optimization	p. 186
Modeling Paradigms	p. 192
Case Studies	p. 193
Summary	p. 199
Key Terms	p. 201
Exercises	p. 202
References	p. 204
Further Reading	p. 206
Business Process Modeling	p. 207
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 207
Background	p. 207
Discrete-Event Simulation	p. 214
Introduction	p. 214
Fundamentals	p. 215
Queuing System Model Components	p. 218
Time Advance Mechanism	p. 219
Simulation Flowchart	p. 220
Discrete-Event Simulation Case Study	p. 221
Introduction	p. 222
Background	p. 222
Research Question	p. 223
Overview of Optimization Model	p. 224
The Simulation Model	p. 225
Experimental Setting	p. 225
Simulation Parameterization and Execution	p. 226
Weigh Zones and Product Reassignment	p. 226
Results	p. 226
System Dynamics Simulation	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
Fundamentals	p. 228
The Stock and Flow Diagrams	p. 229
Model Calibration	p. 231
Model Testing	p. 233
Population Modeling Exercise	p. 233
Application of System Dynamics	p. 235
Background	p. 235
Research Question	p. 238
Dynamic Hypothesis	p. 238
Causal Loop Diagram	p. 238
Stock and Flow Model	p. 239
Simulation and Results	p. 240
Conclusions	p. 244
Monte Carlo Simulation	p. 244
Introduction	p. 244
Fundamentals	p. 245
Probability Theory and Monte Carlo	p. 247
Central Limit Theorem	p. 247
Three-Sigma Rule	p. 247
Monte Carlo Case Study	p. 249
Research Question	p. 250
Model Parameters	p. 250
Simulation Procedure	p. 250
Estimating Profit	p. 251
Excel Implementation	p. 253
Outcomes	p. 253
Conclusions	p. 254
Summary	p. 255
Key Terms	p. 255
Review Questions	p. 256
References	p. 257
A Review of Mesh Generation for Medical Simulators	p. 261
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 261
Background-A Survey of Relevant Biomechanics and Open-Source Software	p. 263
Architecture of an Interactive Medical Simulator	p. 263
Mechanics of Tissue Manipulation in Medical Simulation	p. 264
Mechanics of Tissue Cutting and Resection in Medical Simulation	p. 269
Open-Source Resources in Medical Simulation	p. 269
Theory-The Impart of Element Quality and Size on Simulation	p. 272
Modeling Paradigms-Methods for Mesh Generation	p. 276
Structured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 276
Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 276
Octree-Based Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 279
Delaunay Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 280
Advancing Front Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 284
Optimization-Based Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation	p. 284
Unstructured Surface Mesh Generation	p. 285
Case Studies	p. 289
Summary	p. 291
Key Terms	p. 292
Acknowledgments	p. 293
Exercises	p. 293
References	p. 294
Military Interoperability Challenges	p. 298
Introduction and Learning Objectives	p. 298
Background	p. 299
Overview	p. 300
State of the Art in Interoperability	p. 300
Levels of Interoperability	p. 302
Current Approaches, to Interoperation	p. 303
Theory	p. 305
Data Models	p. 306
A Relational Model of Data in M&S Systems	p. 307
Case Study: Live Virtual Constructive Simulation Environments	p. 311
Live Virtual Constructive	p. 311
LVC Examples	p. 315
Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process (DSEEP)	p. 316
LVC Architecture Framework (LVCAF)	p. 320
Simulation Systems	p. 322
Summary	p. 323
Key Terms	p. 324
Exercises	p. 325
References	p. 325
Index	p. 329
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