Handbook of Rf and Wireless Technologies

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ISBN: 9780750676953 | 0750676957
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/24/2003

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Expert contributors drawn from the ranks of academia and industry have authored chapters in this title in such areas as third-generation wireless, wireless sensor networks, RF power amplifiers, spread spectrum modulation, signal propagation, antennas, and other key subjects that engineers working in RF and wireless need to be familiar with.

About the Editor-in-Chief

xiv

List of Contributors

Preface

A Survey of RF and Wireless Technology

(22)

John T. Moring

A Short History of Wireless Communication

(2)

Where We Are

(10)

Fixed Location Systems

(2)

Local Area Systems

(2)

Wide Area Systems

(2)

Applications

(1)

Where We Are Going

(8)

Conclusion

(1)

Next Generation Wireless Networks: An Evolution of Architectures and Technologies

(36)

Janise Y. McNair

Why ``Next'' Generation?

(1)

First Generation Wireless Networks: Wireless Access

(2)

Second Generation Wireless Networks: Mobile Access

(2)

Mobility Management

(3)

The Second Half of Second Generation Wireless Networks

(2)

Third Generation Wireless Networks: Wireless and Mobile Access to High-Bandwidth Services

(11)

Radio Spectrum

(2)

Heterogeneous Network Environment

(8)

Fourth Generation Wireless Networks and Beyond: Universal Access in a Multi-Network Environment

(11)

Seamless Global Roaming

(5)

Internet-Based Mobility

(6)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

(42)

Asis Nasipuri

Physical Layer and MAC

(17)

IEEE 802.11

(7)

Additional Issues on MAC

(7)

Routing in Ad Hoc Networks

(15)

Proactive Routing Protocols

(2)

Reactive Routing Protocols

(3)

Hybrid Routing Protocols

(2)

Other Concepts in Ad Hoc Routing

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(6)

Direct-Sequence and Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum

101

(32)

Earl McCune

Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

103

(17)

Spreading and Despreading

103

(1)

Processing Gain

104

(1)

Jamming Margin

105

(1)

Interference Rejection

106

(1)

Spreading Code Generation

107

(1)

Synchronization

108

(3)

Near-Far Interference

111

(1)

Out-of-Band Signal Susceptibility

111

(1)

RF SNR

112

(2)

Despreader Placement

114

(1)

Range Resolution/Multipath (RAKE)

115

(1)

DSSS System Examples

115

(5)

Frequency Hopping

120

(9)

Spreading and Despreading

120

(1)

Fast or Slow Hopping

121

(1)

Processing Gain

121

(1)

Jamming Margin

121

(1)

Interference Rejection

122

(1)

Spreading Code Generation

123

(1)

Synchronization

124

(1)

Near-Far Interference

125

(1)

Out-of-Band Signal Susceptibility

126

(1)

RF SNR

126

(1)

Despreader Placement

126

(2)

FHSS System Example

128

(1)

Conclusion

129

(2)

References

131

(2)

Software-Defined Radio

133

(48)

Brad Brannon

What Is Software-Defined Radio?

133

(1)

Aspects of Software-Defined Radio

134

(2)

Multiband

135

(1)

Multi-Carrier

135

(1)

Multimode

135

(1)

History and Evolution of Software-Defined Radio

136

(3)

Applications and Need for SDR

139

(3)

Interoperability

139

(1)

Interception

140

(1)

Manufacturing Platform

141

(1)

Architectures

142

(10)

Receiver

143

(7)

Transmit

150

(2)

Implementation Issues

152

(18)

Analog Front End

153

(8)

Data Conversion

161

(4)

Digital Processing

165

(5)

Case Study: A Close Look at a CDMA2000 and UMTS SDR Receiver

170

(7)

Conclusion

177

(1)

References

178

(3)

RF Power Amplifiers

181

(24)

Michael LeFevre

Leonard Pelletier

David Runton

Power Amplifier Class of Operation

182

(6)

Class-A Operation

182

(2)

Class-B Operation

184

(1)

Class-AB Operation

185

(2)

Class-C Operation

187

(1)

Uses of Amplifier Classes

188

(15)

Introduction to IMD Distortion

189

(1)

Class-A Performance

190

(2)

Class-A Bias Circuit

192

(2)

Class-A Limitations

194

(3)

Class-B Performance

197

(1)

Class-AB Performance

197

(3)

Class-AB Bias Circuit

200

(1)

Class-C Performance

201

(1)

Applications of Different Amplifier Classes

202

(1)

Conclusion

203

(1)

References

204

(1)

Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components

205

(36)

Tom Hornak

The Principle of LINC

207

(1)

Generating the Parent Signals

208

(10)

Finding Phase Angle α

209

(3)

Finding the Parents' Common Mode Amplitude Sc

212

(2)

Finding the Parents' Differential Mode Amplitude Sd

214

(4)

Analysis and Compensation of Signal Processing Errors

218

(11)

Discrete-Time, Closed-Loop

Compensation of Signal-Processing Errors

219

(4)

Continuous-Time, Closed-Loop

Compensation of Signal-Processing Errors

223

(6)

General Comments to LINC Amplifiers

229

(1)

The Combiner

229

(8)

Using a Matched Hybrid as a Combiner

230

(1)

Lossless Combiners

231

(6)

References

237

(4)

Phase-Locked Loop Techniques in Modern Communications Systems

241

(70)

Mohammed Ismail

Hong Jo Ahn

Adem Aktasa

Phase-Locked Loop Techniques for Frequency Synthesizers

241

(14)

Charge-Pump PLL (CPLL or DPLL)

249

(6)

Sub-blocks in PLL

255

(7)

Phase Detector, Phase Frequency Detector/Charge-Pump

255

(4)

Charge-Pumps

259

(3)

The Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

262

(40)

The LC-tank VCO

262

(2)

Phase Noise

264

(18)

Ring Oscillators

282

(7)

Frequency Divider

289

(13)

Application: A Fully Integrated Dual-Mode Frequency Synthesizer for GSM and WCDMA Standards

302

(4)

References

306

(5)

RF Power Amplifier Linearization Techniques

311

(22)

Michael LeFevre

Peter Okrah

David Runton

RF Amplifier Nonlinearity

312

(4)

Linearization Techniques

316

(6)

Feed-Forward Amplifiers

316

(2)

Determining Coupler Values for a Feed-Forward Amplifier

318

(3)

RF Predistortion

321

(1)

Digital Baseband Predistortion

322

(9)

Constellation Mapping

325

(1)

Signal Mapping

326

(1)

Complex LUT

326

(1)

Adapting

327

(1)

Sampling

327

(1)

Quantization

328

(1)

Feedback

329

(2)

Conclusion

331

(1)

References

331

(2)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

333

(22)

Hamid R. Sadjadpour

Fundamentals of OFDM

335

(3)

Effect of OFDM on Wireless Environment

338

(1)

Coding for OFDM Systems

339

(1)

Interleaving

340

(1)

The Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio Problem

341

(3)

Channel Estimation

344

(2)

Synchronization

346

(2)

Conclusion

348

(1)

References

349

(6)

Wireless Sensor Networks

355

(20)

Michael R. Moore

Applications

356

(1)

Plant Network Layouts

357

(1)

Plant Network Architecture

358

(2)

Sensor Subnet Selection

360

(1)

Functional Requirements

361

(3)

Technical Tradeoffs and Issues

364

(9)

Bandwidth and Range

364

(1)

Number of Sensors per Network

365

(1)

EMC

365

(2)

Spectrum Management

367

(1)

Wireless Networking Standards

368

(1)

Time Synchronization and Distribution

369

(1)

Power

370

(1)

Key Smart Sensor Features

370

(2)

Tethered RF Links

372

(1)

Conclusion

373

(1)

References

373

(2)

Turbo Codes

375

(26)

Matthew C. Valenti

Jian Sun

Channel Coding

375

(1)

The Dawn of Turbo Codes

376

(1)

Parallel Concatenated Encoding with Interleaving

377

(1)

Why Do Turbo Codes Work So Well?

378

(1)

Convolutional Codes

379

(2)

The UMTS Turbo Code

381

(2)

The cdma2000 Turbo Code

383

(2)

Turbo Decoding

385

(3)

The SISO Processor

388

(2)

Performance of 3G Turbo Codes

390

(5)

Practical Issues

395

(3)

References

398

(3)

Reliable Wireless Networks for Industrial Applications

401

(16)

Robert D. Poor

Brent Hodges

Benefits of Using Wireless

401

(2)

Issues in Deploying Wireless Systems

403

(3)

Control and Sensing Networks versus Data Networks

404

(1)

Requirement #1: Reliability

404

(1)

Requirement #2: Adaptability

405

(1)

Requirement #3: Scalability

406

(1)

Wireless Formats

406

(2)

Point-to-Point Links

406

(1)

Point-to-Multipoint Links

407

(1)

Wireless Mesh Networks

408

(3)

Industrial Applications of Wireless Mesh Networks

411

(3)

Wire Replacement

411

(1)

Distributed Control

411

(1)

Is Distributed Control Cheaper to Maintain?

412

(1)

Diagnostic Monitoring

413

(1)

Case Study: Water Treatment

414

(2)

Conclusion

416

(1)

The Basics of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology

417

(20)

Automatic Identification Manufacturers (AIM) Organization

What Is RFID?

417

(1)

Wireless Communication and the Air Interface

418

(7)

Carrier Frequencies

420

(3)

Range and Power Levels

423

(2)

RFID System Components

425

(7)

Transponders and Tags

425

(1)

Basic Features of an RFID Transponder

426

(5)

The Reader/Interrogator

431

(1)

RF Transponder Programmers

431

(1)

RFID System Categories

432

(1)

Areas of Application for RFID

433

(2)

Standardization

435

(1)

Conclusion

435

(1)

References

436

(1)

SiGe HBT Technology for RF and Wireless Applications

437

(38)

Guofu Niu

Basic Operation

438

(4)

Limitations of Si

441

(1)

Magic of SiGe Base

442

(1)

SiGe HBT Device Design

442

(15)

SiGe Material and Growth

442

(2)

Ge Grading Effects

444

(1)

Boron Outdiffusion and Carbon Doping

445

(2)

High Injection Barrier Effect

447

(1)

SiGe Profile Design Tradeoffs

448

(7)

ft -- BVCEO Tradeoff and Circuit Implications

455

(2)

SiGe BiCMOS and Passive Integration

457

(2)

RFIC Design Issues

459

(10)

Noise Matching

461

(2)

Simultaneous Impedance and Noise Matching

463

(3)

Considerations in Choosing Jc

466

(1)

An Example of SiGe HBT LNA Design

466

(1)

Scaling Existing Design to Another Frequency

467

(2)

Linearity

469

(2)

Conclusions

471

(1)

References

472

(3)

Ultra-Wideband Communication

475

(12)

Farid Dowla

Capacity and Range of Low-Power UWB Systems

477

(4)

Power Required at the Receiver from Shannon

479

(1)

Power Transmitted and Free Space Loss

479

(1)

Link Margin As a Function of Capacity and Range

480

(1)

UWB Pulse Generation: Methods of Switching

481

(1)

Propagation of UWB Pulses

482

(2)

Modulation of UWB Pulses and Receiver Designs

484

(1)

Some Challenges: Time-Varying Channels and Overspreading

484

(1)

References

485

(2)

Index

487

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Handbook of Rf and Wireless Technologies

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Table of Contents

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