A Handbook of Slavic Clitics

Clitics are grammatical elements that are treated as independent words insyntax but form a phonological unit with the word that precedes or follows it.This volume brings together the facts about clitics in the Slavic languages,where they have become a focal points of recent research. The authors drawsrelevant generalizations across the Slavic languages and highlight theimportance of these phenomena for linguistic theory.

Abbreviations and Tables

xiii

Introduction

3

(12)

Overview of This Volume

3

(1)

Some Basic Facts and Questions

4

(4)

Prosodic issues

4

(2)

Morphosyntactic status

6

(2)

Clitic Types in Slavic

8

(4)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

8

(1)

Pronominal clitics

8

(1)

Other clausal domain clitics

9

(2)

Other clitic-like elements

11

(1)

Contents and Issues Addressed

12

(3)

Description of part I

12

(1)

Description of part II

12

(1)

Description of part III

13

(2)

I Major Slavic Clitic Phenomena

15

(188)

South Slavic

17

(73)

Serbian/Croatian

17

(14)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

18

(5)

Pronominal clitics

23

(2)

Other clitics

25

(3)

Placement and ordering

28

(2)

Summary

30

(1)

Slovenian

31

(17)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

31

(3)

Pronominal clitics

34

(3)

Other clitics

37

(2)

Placement and ordering

39

(9)

Summary

48

(1)

Bulgarian

48

(19)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

49

(2)

Pronominal clitics

51

(7)

Other clitics

58

(2)

Placement and ordering

60

(6)

Summary

66

(1)

Macedonian

67

(23)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

68

(2)

Pronominal clitics

70

(5)

Other clitics

75

(6)

Placement and ordering

81

(7)

Summary

88

(2)

West Slavic

90

(97)

Czech

90

(31)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

91

(6)

Pronominal clitics

97

(4)

Other clitics

101

(3)

Placement and ordering

104

(16)

Summary

120

(1)

Slovak

121

(18)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

121

(2)

Pronominal clitics

123

(3)

Other clitics

126

(3)

Placement and ordering

129

(10)

Summary

139

(1)

Polish

139

(23)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

140

(9)

Pronominal clitics

149

(3)

Other clitics

152

(4)

Placement and ordering

156

(6)

Summary

162

(1)

Sorbian

162

(25)

Verbal auxiliary clitics

164

(5)

Pronominal clitics

169

(6)

Other clitics

175

(2)

Placement and ordering

177

(8)

Summary

185

(2)

East Slavic

187

(16)

Russian

187

(6)

Interrogative, conditional, and negative clitics

188

(5)

Other clitics

193

(1)

Ukrainian and Belarusian

193

(8)

The literary languages

194

(2)

Dialects, with particular reference to Hucul

196

(5)

Summary

201

(2)

II Selected Problems

203

(82)

Patterns in the Ordering of Clitics

205

(11)

Internal Organization of the Clitic Cluster

205

(2)

Ordering of the Pronominal Clitics

207

(1)

Reflexive Clitics

208

(3)

Third Person Auxiliary Clitics

211

(4)

The right periphery phenomenon

211

(2)

Other idiosyncrasies

213

(2)

Summary

215

(1)

The Position of the Clitic Cluster

216

(34)

Wackernagel Position Clitics

217

(17)

Basic second-position facts

217

(2)

Second position in Serbian/Croatian

219

(3)

Verb-initial clauses

222

(3)

Deviation from strict second position

225

(9)

Strictly Verb-Adjacent Clitics

234

(7)

Preverbal position

236

(2)

Postverbal position

238

(3)

Clitic Climbing

241

(7)

Summary

248

(2)

Clitic Doubling

250

(9)

The Phenomenon of Clitic Doubling

250

(2)

Semantic Licensing

252

(2)

Specificity

252

(1)

Topicality

253

(1)

Syntactic Analyses

254

(4)

Clitics as arguments

255

(1)

Clitics as agreement

256

(2)

Summary

258

(1)

Other Clausal Domain Clitic

259

(14)

Interrogatives

259

(8)

Constituent questions

259

(2)

Yes-no questions in li

261

(6)

by/bi Modals and Clitics

267

(3)

Interactions with Negation

270

(2)

Summary

272

(1)

The Nominal Domain

273

(12)

Pronominal Clitics inside NPs

273

(5)

Macedonian and Bulgarian

274

(3)

Polish

277

(1)

The Status of Postpositive Demonstratives

278

(6)

Summary

284

(1)

III Theory and Analyses

285

(92)

Survey of Recent Analyses

287

(24)

Purely Prosodic Accounts

287

(4)

Nonderivational Accounts

291

(2)

Purely Syntactic Accounts

293

(12)

Verb-adjacent clitics

295

(2)

Polish

297

(1)

Second-position clitics

298

(7)

Mixed Accounts

305

(5)

Prosodic Inversion

306

(1)

PF filtering

307

(3)

Summary

310

(1)

Slavic Clitics as Heads

311

(38)

X0 vs. Xmax

312

(3)

Clitic Locations

315

(5)

Verb-adjacent clitics

315

(3)

Second-position clitics

318

(2)

Clitic Cluster Formation

320

(18)

The templatic solution

321

(1)

A syntactic approach

322

(8)

Some problems for syntactic clustering

330

(8)

Nonclustering Clitics

338

(2)

Some Compromises

340

(9)

Linearization

341

(1)

Delayed pronunciation

342

(4)

Morphological manipulations

346

(3)

Apparent Last-Resort Effects

349

(22)

Interrogative li

349

(8)

The special status of li

350

(1)

Bulgarian and Macedonian

351

(4)

Russian

355

(2)

Split NP and PP Constructions

357

(5)

The significance of split constructions

358

(3)

An integrated analysis

361

(1)

Long Head Movement

362

(8)

A Prosodic Inversion analysis

365

(2)

Syntactic analyses

367

(2)

PF mapping

369

(1)

Summary

370

(1)

Summary

371

(6)

Clitics as Functional Heads

371

(2)

The Nature of Variation

373

(1)

The Prosody/Syntax Interaction

374

(3)

Bibliography

377

(16)

Subject Index

393

(6)

Name Index

399

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A Handbook of Slavic Clitics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials