Healing the Mind A History of Psychiatry from

The history of psychiatry concerns efforts to identify, diagnose, and contain or treat these "wild," "mad," or "insane" people. This book starts with the Greeks 2,500 years ago and ends with a detailed look at current developments and trends.

Preface

ix

(2)

Prologue: The Role of Religion in Healing the Mind

xi

PART I. THE EARLY PERIOD: 100 B.C.-FIFTEENTH CENTURY

3

(30)

1. A Long and Winding Road: From Old Testament Times to Early Christianity

3

(14)

2. Descent into Darkness: From the Middle Ages to the Inquisition

17

(10)

PART II. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN PSYCHIATRY: SIXTEENTH THROUGH NINETEENTH CENTURIES

27

(110)

3. Rumblings of Revolution: The Sixteenth Century

27

(7)

4. Firm Foundations in Empiricism and Classification: The Seventeenth Century

34

(18)

5. The Eighteenth Century: The Rise of Rationality

52

(19)

6. Nineteenth-Century Germany: From Romanticism to Empiricism

71

(16)

7. Nineteenth-Century France: Efforts toward Systemizing Illness

87

(17)

8. Nineteenth Century Britain: Interests in Taxonomy and Heredity

104

(13)

9. Nineteenth-Century America: Modern Psychiatry Emerges with Technology

117

(12)

10. Italy, Russia, and Spain in the Nineteenth Century: Contributions from Less Active Areas

129

(8)

PART III. MODERN PSYCHIATRY: 1900-1959

137

(84)

11. 1900-1929: An Era of Expansion

137

(20)

12. 1930-1949: Persecution and War Cause Many Psychiatrists to Emigrate from Europe

157

(18)

13. 1950-1959: Developments in the United States Become Prominent

175

(26)

PART IV. THE 1960s

201

(38)

14. The Renaissance of Biological Psychiatry and the Diversification of Psychotherapy

201

(19)

15. Biological Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Genetics

220

(13)

PART V. THE 1970s

239

(60)

16. The Flourishing of Objectifiable Science

239

(17)

17. General and Hospital Psychiatry

256

(10)

18. Biological Psychiatry and Genetics

266

(9)

19. Child Psychiatry

275

(11)

20. Neo-Darwinian Ethology: A New Look at the Human "Game Plan"

286

(13)

PART VI. RECENT TRENDS: 1980-1996

299

(128)

Introduction

299

(2)

21. Biometrics, Taxonomy, Epidemiology: Progress in Measurement

301

(8)

22. Psychoanalysis: A Work in Progress

309

(11)

23. General Psychiatry: Psychiatry Becomes a Worldwide Enterprise

320

(17)

24. Hospital Psychiatry: The Movement toward Briefer Hospital Stays and Greater Use of Alternative Programs

337

(9)

25. Personality Disorders: The Study of Personality as a Rapid-Growth Industry

346

(14)

26. Biological Psychiatry

360

(22)

27. Child Psychiatry

382

(12)

28. Forensic Psychiatry

394

(21)

29. Other Recent Developments

415

(12)

Postscript: Twenty-First Century Trends

427

(5)

Timeline and Chronology

432

(19)

Bibliography

451

(32)

Index

483

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Healing the Mind A History of Psychiatry from Antiquity to the Present

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Table of Contents

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