Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Third Edition

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ISBN: 9781439849903 | 1439849900
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/1/2012

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This third edition of the bestselling textbook presents a systematic treatment of the selection, rating, and thermal-hydraulic design of various types of heat-exchanging equipment. Explaining the fundamentals of the design method, the authors include more than 40 solved examples to illustrate their assertions regarding design and rating of heat exchangers. In addition, every chapter now includes thermal design problems that graduating undergraduate students can use in selecting capstone design projects. The book includes a new chapter on micro-heat exchangers and a revised solution manual, which is available with qualifying adoption.

Preface	p. xiii
Classification of Heat Exchangers	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Recuperation and Regeneration	p. 1
Transfer Processes	p. 6
Geometry of Construction	p. 8
Tubular Heat Exchangers	p. 8
Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers	p. 8
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers	p. 9
Spiral-Tube-Type Heat Exchangers	p. 12
Plate Heat Exchangers	p. 12
Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers	p. 12
Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers	p. 14
Lamella Heat Exchangers	p. 15
Extended Surface Heat Exchangers	p. 17
Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger	p. 17
Tubular-Fin Heat Exchangers	p. 18
Heat Transfer Mechanisms	p. 23
Flow Arrangements	p. 24
Applications	p. 25
Selection of Heat Exchangers	p. 26
References	p. 30
Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchangers	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Arrangement of Flow Paths in Heat Exchangers	p. 33
Basic Equations in Design	p. 35
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 37
LMTD Method for Heat Exchanger Analysis	p. 43
Parallel- and Counterflow Heat Exchangers	p. 43
Multipass and Crossflow Heat Exchangers	p. 47
The ¿NTU Method for Heat Exchanger Analysis	p. 56
Heat Exchanger Design Calculation	p. 66
Variable Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 67
Heat Exchanger Design Methodology	p. 70
Nomenclature	p. 73
References	p. 78
Forced Convection Correlations for the Single-Phase Side of Heat Exchangers	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
Laminar Forced Convection	p. 84
Hydrodynamically Developed and Thermally Developing Laminar Flow in Smooth Circular Ducts	p. 84
Simultaneously Developing Laminar Flow in Smooth Ducts	p. 85
Laminar Flow through Concentric Annular Smooth Ducts	p. 86
Effect of Variable Physical Properties	p. 88
Laminar Flow of Liquids	p. 90
Laminar Flow of Gases	p. 92
Turbulent Forced Convection	p. 93
Turbulent Flow in Smooth Straight Noncircular Ducts	p. 99
Effect of Variable Physical Properties in Turbulent Forced Convection	p. 103
Turbulent Liquid Flow in Ducts	p. 103
Turbulent Gas Flow in Ducts	p. 104
Summary of Forced Convection in Straight Ducts	p. 107
Heat Transfer from Smooth-Tube Bundles	p. 111
Heat Transfer in Helical Coils and Spirals	p. 114
Nusselt Numbers of Helical Coils— Laminar Flow	p. 116
Nusselt Numbers for Spiral Coils— Laminar Flow	p. 117
Nusselt Numbers for Helical Coils— Turbulent Flow	p. 117
Heat Transfer in Bends	p. 118
Heat Transfer in 90° Bends	p. 118
Heat Transfer in 180° Bends	p. 119
Nomenclature	p. 120
References	p. 125
Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop and Pumping Power	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Tube-Side Pressure Drop	p. 129
Circular Cross-Sectional Tubes	p. 129
Noncircular Cross-Sectional Ducts	p. 132
Pressure Drop in Tube Bundles in Crossflow	p. 135
Pressure Drop in Helical and Spiral Coils	p. 137
Helical Coils— Laminar Flow	p. 138
Spiral Coils— Laminar Flow	p. 138
Helical Coils— Turbulent Flow	p. 139
Spiral Coils— Turbulent Flow	p. 139
Pressure Drop in Bends and Fittings	p. 140
Pressure Drop in Bends	p. 140
Pressure Drop in Fittings	p. 142
Pressure Drop for Abrupt Contraction, Expansion, and Momentum Change	p. 147
Heat Transfer and Pumping Power Relationship	p. 148
Nomenclature	p. 150
References	p. 155
Micro/Nano Heat Transfer	p. 157
Part A— Heat Transfer for Gaseous and Liquid Flow in Microchannels	p. 157
Introduction of Heat Transfer in Microchannels	p. 157
Fundamentals of Gaseous Flow in Microchannels	p. 158
Knudsen Number	p. 158
Velocity Slip	p. 160
Temperature Jump	p. 160
Brinkman Number	p. 161
Engineering Applications for Gas Flow	p. 163
Heat Transfer in Gas Flow	p. 165
Friction Factor	p. 169
Laminar to Turbulent Transition Regime	p. 173
Engineering Applications of Single-Phase Liquid Flow in Microchannels	p. 177
Nusselt Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Single-Phase Liquid Flow	p. 179
Roughness Effect on Friction Factor	p. 185
Part B— Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer with Nanofluids	p. 186
Introduction of Convective Heat Transfer with Nanofluids	p. 186
Particle Materials and Base Fluids	p. 187
Particle Size and Shape	p. 187
Nanofluid Preparation Methods	p. 188
Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids	p. 188
Classical Models	p. 189
Brownian Motion of Nanoparticles	p. 191
Clustering of Nanoparticles	p. 193
Liquid Layering around Nanoparticles	p. 196
Thermal Conductivity Experimental Studies of Nanofluids	p. 203
Convective Heat Trasfer of Nanofluids	p. 207
Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids	p. 212
Constant Wall Heat Flux Boundary Condition	p. 212
Constant Wall Temperature Boundary Condition	p. 214
Experimental Correlations of Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids	p. 216
Nomenclature	p. 224
References	p. 228
Fouling of Heat Exchangers	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Basic Considerations	p. 237
Effects of Fouling	p. 239
Effect of Fouling on Heat Transfer	p. 240
Effect of Fouling on Pressure Drop	p. 241
Cost of Fouling	p. 243
Aspects of Fouling	p. 244
Categories of Fouling	p. 244
Particulate Fouling	p. 244
Crystallization Fouling	p. 245
Corrosion Fouling	p. 245
Biofouling	p. 245
Chemical Reaction Fouling	p. 246
Fundamental Processes of Fouling	p. 246
Initiation	p. 246
Transport	p. 246
Attachment	p. 247
Removal	p. 247
Aging	p. 248
Prediction of Fouling	p. 248
Design of Heat Exchangers Subject to Fouling	p. 250
Fouling Resistance	p. 250
Cleanliness Factor	p. 256
Percent over Surface	p. 257
Cleanliness Factor	p. 260
Percent over Surface	p. 260
Operations of Heat Exchangers Subject to Fouling	p. 262
Techniques to Control Fouling	p. 264
Surface Cleaning Techniques	p. 264
Continuous Cleaning	p. 264
Periodic Cleaning	p. 264
Additives	p. 265
Crystallization Fouling	p. 265
Particulate Fouling	p. 266
Biological Fouling	p. 266
Corrosion Fouling	p. 266
Nomenclature	p. 266
References	p. 270
Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Thermal and Hydraulic Design of Inner Tube	p. 276
Thermal and Hydraulic Analysis of Annulus	p. 278
Hairpin Heat Exchanger with Bare Inner Tube	p. 278
Hairpin Heat Exchangers with Multitube Finned Inner Tubes	p. 283
Parallel-Series Arrangements of Hairpins	p. 291
Total Pressure Drop	p. 294
Design and Operational Features	p. 295
Nomenclature	p. 297
References	p. 304
Design Correlations for Condensers and Evaporators	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
Condensation	p. 307
Film Condensation on a Single Horizontal Tube	p. 308
Laminar Film Condensation	p. 308
Forced Convection	p. 309
Film Condensation in Tube Bundles	p. 312
Effect of Condensate Inundation	p. 313
Effect of Vapor Shear	p. 317
Combined Effects of Inundation and Vapor Shear	p. 317
Condensation inside Tubes	p. 322
Condensation inside Horizontal Tubes	p. 322
Condensation inside Vertical Tubes	p. 327
Flow Boiling	p. 329
Subcooled Boiling	p. 329
Flow Pattern	p. 331
Flow Boiling Correlations	p. 334
Nomenclature	p. 353
References	p. 356
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers	p. 361
Introduction	p. 361
Basic Components	p. 361
Shell Types	p. 361
Tube Bundle Types	p. 364
Tubes and Tube Passes	p. 366
Tube Layout	p. 368
Baffle Type and Geometry	p. 371
Allocation of Streams	p. 376
Basic Design Procedure of a Heat Exchanger	p. 378
Preliminary Estimation of Unit Size	p. 380
Rating of the Preliminary Design	p. 386
Shell-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop	p. 387
Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 387
Shell-Side Pressure Drop	p. 389
Tube-Side Pressure Drop	p. 390
Bell-Delaware Method	p. 395
Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 396
Shell-Side Pressure Drop	p. 407
Nomenclature	p. 419
References	p. 425
Compact Heat Exchangers	p. 427
Introduction	p. 427
Heat Transfer Enhancement	p. 427
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers	p. 431
Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers	p. 431
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop	p. 433
Heat Transfer	p. 433
Pressure Drop for Finned-Tube Exchangers	p. 441
Pressure Drop for Plate-Fin Exchangers	p. 441
Nomenclature	p. 446
References	p. 449
Gasketed-Plate Heat Exchangers	p. 451
Introduction	p. 451
Mechanical Features	p. 451
Plate Pack and the Frame	p. 453
Plate Types	p. 455
Operational Characteristics	p. 457
Main Advantages	p. 457
Performance Limits	p. 459
Passes and Flow Arrangements	p. 460
Applications	p. 461
Corrosion	p. 462
Maintenance	p. 465
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Calculations	p. 466
Heat Transfer Area	p. 466
Mean Flow Channel Gap	p. 467
Channel Hydraulic Diameter	p. 468
Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 468
Channel Pressure Drop	p. 474
Port Pressure Drop	p. 474
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	p. 475
Heat Transfer Surface Area	p. 475
Performance Analysis	p. 476
Thermal Performance	p. 481
Nomenclature	p. 484
References	p. 488
Condensers and Evaporators	p. 491
Introduction	p. 491
Shell and Tube Condensers	p. 492
Horizontal Shell-Side Condensers	p. 492
Vertical Shell-Side Condensers	p. 495
Vertical Tube-Side Condensers	p. 495
Horizontal in-Tube Condensers	p. 497
Steam Turbine Exhaust Condensers	p. 500
Plate Condensers	p. 501
Air-Cooled Condensers	p. 502
Direct Contact Condensers	p. 503
Thermal Design of Shell-and-Tube Condensers	p. 504
Design and Operational Considerations	p. 515
Condensers for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning	p. 516
Water-Cooled Condensers	p. 518
Air-Cooled Condensers	p. 519
Evaporative Condensers	p. 519
Evaporators for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning	p. 522
Water-Cooling Evaporators (Chillers)	p. 522
Air-Cooling Evaporators (Air Coolers)	p. 523
Thermal Analysis	p. 525
Shah Correlation	p. 526
Kandlikar Correlation	p. 528
Güngör and Winterton Correlation	p. 529
Standards for Evaporators and Condensers	p. 531
Nomenclature	p. 536
References	p. 540
Polymer Heat Exchangers	p. 543
Introduction	p. 543
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials (PMC)	p. 547
Nanocomposites	p. 551
Application of Polymers in Heat Exchangers	p. 552
Polymer Compact Heat Exchangers	p. 563
Potential Applications for Polymer Film Compact Heat Exchangers	p. 567
Thermal Design of Polymer Heat Exchangers	p. 570
References	p. 573
	p. 577
	p. 583
Index	p. 607
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Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Third Edition

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