Heating and Cooling of Buildings

By integrating new technologies from materials to computers into a comprehensive and modern course, the design of heating and cooling systems is the main goal of this book.

Preface

xiii

Basic Concepts and Definitions

1

(21)

A Bit of History

1

(1)

Importance of Buildings in the U.S. Economy

2

(6)

Role of HVAC Design Engineer

8

(3)

A Note on the Economics of Energy Efficiency

11

(3)

Units and Conversions

14

(2)

Orders of Magnitude

16

(6)

Problems

18

(2)

References

20

(2)

Elements of Heat Transfer for Buildings

22

(61)

Introduction to Heat Transfer

22

(1)

Conduction Heat Transfer

23

(20)

Convection Heat Transfer

43

(14)

Radiation Heat Transfer

57

(14)

Evaporation and Moisture Transfer

71

(1)

Closure

72

(11)

Problems

72

(9)

References

81

(2)

Review of Thermodynamic Processes in Buildings

83

(32)

Introduction to Thermodynamics

83

(1)

Thermodynamic Properties

84

(12)

First Law of Thermodynamics

96

(7)

Second Law of Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Cycles

103

(5)

Summary

108

(7)

Problems

109

(5)

References

114

(1)

Psychrometrics, Comfort, and Health

115

(58)

Introduction and Definitions

115

(1)

Thermodynamic Fundamentals

116

(8)

The Psychrometric Chart and Tables of Air Properties

124

(11)

Psychrometric Processes for Buildings

135

(13)

Thermal Comfort

148

(9)

Air Quality and Ventilation

157

(8)

Summary

165

(8)

Problems

165

(7)

References

172

(1)

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics in Building Systems

173

(47)

Introduction

173

(1)

Basic Concepts

174

(4)

Pressure Losses in Liquid and Air Systems

178

(22)

Prime Movers

200

(7)

Flow Measurement

207

(3)

Summary

210

(10)

Problems

211

(8)

References

219

(1)

Solar Radiation and Windows

220

(51)

Solar Geometry

221

(16)

Extraterrestrial Insolation

237

(1)

Insolation Data and Models

238

(12)

Sol-Air Temperature

250

(5)

Windows

255

(16)

Problems

267

(2)

References

269

(2)

Heating and Cooling Loads

271

(81)

Air Exchange

272

(21)

Principles of Load Calculations

293

(11)

Storage Effects and Limits of Static Analysis

304

(4)

Zones

308

(3)

Heating Loads

311

(1)

CLTD/CLF Method for Cooling Loads

312

(14)

Transfer Functions for Dynamic Load Calculations

326

(20)

Summary

346

(6)

Problems

346

(4)

References

350

(2)

Annual Energy Consumption and Special Topics

352

(45)

Annual Consumption

353

(17)

Thermal Networks

370

(8)

Other Models

378

(7)

System Identification

385

(3)

Comparison of Calculations with Each Other and with Measured Data

388

(2)

Summary of Methods

390

(7)

Problems

390

(5)

References

395

(2)

Heat Generation and Transfer Equipment

397

(61)

Introduction

397

(1)

Natural Gas and Fuel-Oil-Fired Equipment

398

(26)

Electric Resistance Heating

424

(1)

Electric Heat Pumps

425

(10)

Heat Exchanger Design and Selection

435

(9)

Low-Temperature Radiant Heating

444

(2)

Solar Heating

446

(1)

Summary

447

(11)

Problems

448

(8)

References

456

(2)

Cooling Equipment

458

(63)

Introduction

458

(1)

Rankine Refrigeration Cycle

459

(6)

Absorption Cycle

465

(5)

Mechanical Cooling Equipment---Chillers

470

(27)

Part-Load Performance of Chillers

497

(3)

Rules for Chiller System Operation and Control in Commercial Buildings

500

(1)

Evaporative Cooling Equipment

501

(12)

Summary

513

(8)

Problems

513

(6)

References

519

(2)

Secondary Systems for Heating and Cooling

521

(84)

Air Distribution Systems

522

(23)

Piping Design

545

(12)

Complete HVAC Systems for Commercial Buildings

557

(23)

HVAC System Design Sizing and Energy Calculations

580

(16)

Summary

596

(9)

Problems

596

(7)

References

603

(2)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Control Systems

605

(63)

Introduction---The Need for Control

605

(9)

Basic Control Hardware

614

(12)

Basic Control System Design Consideration

626

(13)

Examples of HVAC System Control Systems

639

(11)

Topics in Advanced Control System Design

650

(13)

Summary

663

(5)

Problems

664

(3)

References

667

(1)

Lighting

668

(26)

Principles of Lighting

668

(2)

Electric Lighting

670

(4)

Principles of Daylighting

674

(2)

Analysis of Daylighting

676

(18)

Problems

691

(2)

References

693

(1)

Design for Efficiency

694

(185)

The Road to Efficiency

695

(8)

Design Elements and Recommendations

703

(13)

Performance Indices for Heating and Cooling

716

(8)

Measured Performance

724

(7)

Residential Buildings

731

(19)

Commercial Buildings: HVAC Systems

750

(2)

Design for Daylighting

752

(21)

Problems

766

(2)

References

768

(5)

Appendixes for Chapters

Nomenclature

773

(7)

Heat Transfer Properties of Building Materials and Assemblies

780

(9)

Thermodynamic Properties of Substances

789

(14)

Properties of Moist Air

803

(13)

Properties of Fluids, Piping, Ductwork, and Valves

816

(21)

Solar Radiation and Sol-Air Temperature Data

837

(5)

Design Heating and Cooling Load Data

842

(26)

Bin Weather Data for the United States

868

(2)

Chiller Part-Load Data

870

(1)

HVAC Secondary System Design Data

871

(7)

HVAC Control System Reference Data

878

(1)

Index

879

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Heating and Cooling of Buildings

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials