High Energy Electron Diffraction and Microscopy

, by Peng, L.M.; Dudarev, S.L.; Whelan, M.J.

$High Energy Electron Diffraction and Microscopy by Peng, L.M.; Dudarev, S.L.; Whelan, M.J., 9780199602247$

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780199602247 | 0199602247
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/26/2011

Rent

(Recommended)

$81.58

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 12

$90.64

Quarter

Sep 5

$86.11

Short Term

Aug 13

$81.58

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping bag.
Buy New

Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$116.04
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

*To support the delivery of the digital material to you, a digital delivery fee of $3.99 will be charged on each digital item.

$53.99*

High Energy Electron Diffraction and Microscopy provides a comprehensive introduction to high energy electron diffraction and elastic and inelastic scattering of high energy electrons, with particular emphasis on applications to modern electron microscopy. Starting from a survey of fundamental phenomena, the authors introduce the most important concepts underlying modern understanding of high energy electron diffraction. Dynamical diffraction in transmission (THEED) and reflection (RHEED) geometries is treated using a general matrix theory, where computer programs and worked examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and to familiarize the reader with practical applications. Diffuse and inelastic scattering and coherence effects are treated comprehensively both as a perturbation of elastic scattering and within the general multiple scattering quantum mechanical framework of the density matrix method. Among the highlights are the treatment of resonance diffraction of electrons, HOLZ diffraction, the formation of Kikuchi bands and lines and ring patterns, and application of diffraction to monitoring of growing surfaces. Useful practical data are summarised in tables including those of electron scattering factors for all the neutral atoms and many ions, and the temperature dependent Debye-Waller factors given for over 100 elemental crystals and compounds.

Basic concepts of high-energy electron diffraction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The interaction between high-energy electrons and a solid	p. 2
Elastic and inelastic scattering, and the complex potential	p. 3
The amplitude and the differential cross-section of scattering of electrons	p. 4
Elastic scattering by a time-independent potential - the one-body Schrödinger equation	p. 6
Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED), and Kikuchi patterns	p. 8
Scattering by time-dependent fluctuations of the potential	p. 11
Damping of coherence in inelastic scattering and the validity of the optical potential	p. 14
Relativistic corrections	p. 17
Probability current density and conservation of probability	p. 18
Correlation between theory and experiment	p. 19
Summary	p. 21
Kinematic theory	p. 24
Introduction	p. 24
Kinematic and quasi-kinematic diffraction theory	p. 25
Kinematic diffraction	p. 25
Quasi-kinematic diffraction	p. 27
Scattering by a single atom	p. 27
Amplitude of scattering by an assemblage of atoms	p. 33
Diffraction by single crystals	p. 36
Diffraction by a gas, an amorphous solid, and a liquid	p. 42
Diffraction by polycrystals and textures	p. 45
Fluctuation microscopy	p. 48
Summary	p. 52
Dynamical theory I. General theory	p. 54
Introduction	p. 54
Role of symmetry in dynamical diffraction	p. 55
Forward and backward scattering	p. 59
The multislice method	p. 60
The general matrix method	p. 63
Fundamental equations	p. 64
The dispersion surface	p. 65
Translation properties of Bloch waves	p. 66
Boundary conditions and formal solutions	p. 69
Summary	p. 74
Dynamical theory II. Transmission high-energy electron diffraction	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Diffraction geometry	p. 75
Basic concepts and the treatment of ZOLZ diffraction	p. 79
Basic equations and Bloch waves	p. 79
Bound and free Bloch waves	p. 81
Dispersion surfaces and band structure	p. 84
Excitation of Bloch waves	p. 86
Two and few Bloch wave approximations	p. 90
Propagation of Bloch waves	p. 96
Effects of absorption	p. 97
The general treatment of THEED and HOLZ diffraction	p. 98
Kinematic geometry of HOLZ diffraction	p. 98
Formation of a HOLZ ring	p. 98
Distribution of intensity in HOLZ patterns	p. 102
General treatment of HOLZ diffraction	p. 107
Summary	p. 115
Dynamical theory III. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
Surface structure notation and RHEED geometry	p. 118
The nature of the surface	p. 118
The five surface nets	p. 119
The relation between the surface mesh and the substrate mesh	p. 119
Surface reciprocal lattice rods	p. 121
RHEED theory	p. 123
The THEED approach to RHEED	p. 123
The semi-reciprocal formulation	p. 126
The Green's function approach	p. 130
The Bloch wave method	p. 138
Worked examples	p. 159
RHEED from the surface of a metal: the Ag(001) surface	p. 160
RHEED from a surface of an ionic crystal: the NiO(00l) and UO₂(111) surfaces	p. 164
RHEED from growing surfaces: intensity oscillations	p. 175
Summary	p. 185
Resonance effects in transmission and reflection high-energy electron diffraction	p. 186
The origin of resonances	p. 186
Transmission resonance diffraction of high-energy electrons	p. 187
The geometry of transmission resonance diffraction	p. 188
Transmission resonance: a formal solution	p. 191
Transmission resonance: diffraction via tightly bound states	p. 193
Resonance diffraction from a crystal surface	p. 200
The geometry of surface resonance scattering	p. 202
The two-rod approximation	p. 204
Resonance scattering via a surface state	p. 208
Resonance diffraction via localized bulk states	p. 213
Interference between resonance and potential scattering	p. 217
The time delay of the incident electron in the resonance state	p. 223
Summary	p. 227
Diffuse and inelastic scattering - Elementary processes	p. 228
Diffuse and inelastic scattering	p. 228
The distorted wave Born approximation	p. 230
Diffuse scattering by point defects	p. 235
The Van Hove dynamic form factor	p. 241
Thermal diffuse scattering	p. 246
Electron energy losses	p. 251
Plasmons	p. 254
Ionization of inner electronic shells	p. 256
The extended energy loss fine structure (EXELFS)	p. 259
Summary	p. 263
Diffuse and inelastic scattering - Multiple scattering effects	p. 264
Introduction	p. 264
Breakdown of the DWBA and the optical potential model	p. 266
Diffraction and multiple incoherent scattering of electrons	p. 268
Kinetic equation for the density matrix	p. 269
Loss of coherence due to multiple scattering by. plasmons	p. 274
Diffraction of diffusely scattered electrons: the formation of Kikuchi lines and bands	p. 282
Kikuchi patterns in electron backscattering	p. 287
Multiple diffuse scattering: an exact solution of the backscattering problem	p. 290
Electron channelling patterns and channelling imaging of crystal defects	p. 296
Diffraction effects in inner-shell ionization, X-ray, and Auger electron production	p. 304
Summary	p. 310
Crystal and diffraction symmetry	p. 311
Introduction	p. 311
Representation of symmetry	p. 312
The reciprocity principle	p. 313
Symmetry elements and their identification	p. 314
Diffraction symmetry - a formal derivation	p. 318
Basic solutions and relations	p. 318
Effect of the space group symmetry	p. 320
Diffraction groups and the symmetry of CBED patterns	p. 323
Derivation of the fundamental symmetry relations	p. 326
Crystal point group determination	p. 330
Crystal space group determination	p. 332
Formation of G-M lines	p. 333
Identification of G-M lines	p. 336
Space group determination	p. 337
Automated identification of CBED pattern symmetry	p. 337
Genetic algorithm - basic concepts and implementation	p. 339
Identification of CBED pattern symmetry	p. 344
Summary	p. 348
Perturbation methods and tensor theory	p. 350
Introduction	p. 350
Perturbation treatment of a periodic structure	p. 353
Bloch waves, left-hand, and right-hand eigenvectors	p. 354
Non-degenerate perturbation theory	p. 355
First-order perturbation	p. 356
Second-order perturbation	p. 357
Tensor THEED	p. 358
Direct inversion of THEED data	p. 362
Inversion of crystal structure factors	p. 364
Inversion of atomic coordinates	p. 370
Perturbation methods for non-periodic structures	p. 379
The DWBA treatment of diffraction by a non-periodic structure	p. 379
Tensor RHEED and the direct inversion of a surface structure	p. 383
Summary	p. 386
Digital electron micrograph recording and basic processing	p. 388
Introduction	p. 388
Basic features of CCDs	p. 389
A basic model of an SSC camera	p. 390
Main characteristics of an SSC camera	p. 391
The overall gain	p. 391
Resolution and the point spread function	p. 393
The detection quantum efficiency	p. 395
The sampling theorem	p. 398
Discrete and fast Fourier transform	p. 399
Discrete Fourier transform	p. 399
Fast Fourier transform (FFT)	p. 401
Restoration of images	p. 402
Generation of data points in reciprocal space	p. 402
Generation of data points in real space	p. 404
Summary	p. 404
Image formation and the retrieval of the electron wave function	p. 406
Introduction	p. 406
Electron source and coherence	p. 406
Partial coherence and the complex degree of coherence	p. 406
Temporal coherence	p. 408
Spatial coherence	p. 410
Image formation in an electron microscope	p. 412
Transmission cross-coefficient (TCC) for coherent illumination	p. 413
The TCC for incoherent illumination	p. 415
The TCC for a partially coherent illumination	p. 417
Exit electron wave function retrieval	p. 418
Linear image retrieval	p. 419
Non-linear image retrieval	p. 424
Summary	p. 426
The atomic scattering factor and the optical potential	p. 427
Introduction	p. 427
The optical potential	p. 429
The averaged potential	p. 432
Thermally averaged potential	p. 432
Electron atomic scattering factor	p. 433
Temperature factor	p. 434
The absorptive potential	p. 437
Computation of the complex structure factor	p. 440
A worked example: strontium titanate	p. 441
Analytical representation of atomic scattering factors	p. 443
The parameterization of the elastic atomic scattering factor for electrons	p. 444
Parameterization of the absorptive atomic scattering factor	p. 446
Analytical expressions for the optical potential of atoms and crystals	p. 447
Summary	p. 449
Temperature-dependent Debye-Waller factors	p. 454
Introduction and definitions	p. 454
Debye-Waller factors of elemental crystals	p. 456
Debye-Waller factors of cubic compounds	p. 458
Summary	p. 460
Some useful mathematical relations	p. 470
Fourier transformation	p. 470
The Dirac delta function	p. 470
The Kronecker delta symbol	p. 471
Some useful integrals	p. 472
Green's functions	p. 473
FORTRAN listing of RHEED routines	p. 477
A FORTRAN routine for the calculation of U_G(z)	p. 477
The input file for the calculation of U_G(z)	p. 477
FORTRAN routine for calculating U_G(z)	p. 477
A FORTRAN routine for dynamical RHEED calculations	p. 481
Example input data file for dynamical RHEED calculations	p. 482
A FORTRAN routine for dynamical RHEED calculations	p. 482
Parameterization of the electron atomic scattering factor	p. 490
The parameterization algorithm	p. 490
The absorptive atomic scattering factor	p. 496
References	p. 501
Subject Index	p. 531
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

High Energy Electron Diffraction and Microscopy

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

High Energy Electron Diffraction and Microscopy

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License