History and Literature of Early Christianity

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ISBN: 9783110149715 | 3110149710
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/1/2000

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This work has established itself as a classical text in the field of New Testament studies. Written in a readable, non-technical style, it has become an indispensable textbook and reference for teachers, students, clergy, and the educated layperson interested in a scholarly treatment of the New Testament and its background in the Judaic and Greco-Roman world.

Illustrations

xvii

Preface to the Second Edition

xix

Preface to the First Edition

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxv

Abbreviations: Serial and Journal Titles

xxvii

Short Titles of Works Often Cited

xxxiii

Introduction

xxxix

7 The Sources for the History of Early Christianity

Survey of the Sources and Their Traditions

(15)

The Formation of the Earliest Christian Writings

The Canon of the New Testament

The Lord and the Letters of Paul

Peter, Thomas, and John

The Twelve Apostles

Marcion

The Reaction to Marcion

The Muratorian Canon

Noncanonical Writings of Early Christianity

The Apostolic Fathers

Gnostic and Manichean Collections

The New Testament Apocrypha

Extra-Christian Testimonies

The Text of the New Testament

(28)

Problems of the Transmission of New Testament Texts

The Papyri

The Uncials

The Minuscules

The Ancient Translations

The Syriac Translations

The Latin Translations

The Coptic Translation

The Gothic Translation

The Armenian Translation

The Ethiopic Translation

The Printed Editions of the Greek New Testament

Principles of New Testament Textual Criticism

Source Criticism

(15)

General Remarks

The Synoptic Problem and the Sources of the Gospels

The Acts of the Apostles

Composition and Literary Problems of the Letters of Paul

The Second Letter of Peter and the Epistle of Jude

The Letters of Ignatius of Antioch

Problems of Form, Tradition, Narrative, and Rhetorical Criticism

(16)

The Synoptic Tradition

Early Traditions in the Letters of the New Testament

Traditional Materials Preserved in the Apostolic Fathers, the Apocrypha, and the Apologists

Narrative and Rhetorical Criticism

8 From John the Baptist to the Early Christian Church

John the Baptist

(3)

Life and Message

The History-of-Religions Background

The Effects of John's Ministry

Jesus of Nazareth

(16)

The External Data of His Life

Jesus as Prophet, Wisdom Teacher, and Exorcist

The Proclamation of the Rule of God

The New Human Situation

The Resurrection

The Earliest Christian Communities

(11)

The Earliest Gatherings of Jesus' Followers

The Hellenists and Stephen

The Christian Church of Antioch

Other Christian Communities in East and West

9 Paul

Life and Ministry to the Apostolic Council

105

(8)

Origin and Education

Paul's Call

The First Period of Paul's Mission; Chronology of Paul's Ministry

The Apostolic Council

From Antioch to Ephesus

113

(7)

The Conflict in Antioch

Mission in Anatolia and Macedonia

From Thessalonica to Corinth

The First Letter to the Thessalonians

Paul's Stay in Ephesus

120

(22)

Missionary Activity in Ephesus

Judaizing Propaganda and the Letter to the Galatians

The Spiritual People in Corinth and the First Letter to the Corinthians

New Opposition in Corinth: The Second Letter to the Corinthians

Ephesian Imprisonment; Letters to the Philippians and to Philemon

The Ephesian Imprisonment

The Letters to the Philippians

The Letter to Philemon

The Collection; Paul's Last Visit to Corinth

Corinth---Jerusalem---Rome

142

(9)

The Last Stay in Corinth; Letters to the Romans and to the ``Ephesians''

The Journey to Jerusalem and the Fate of the Collection

Paul's Trial and His Journey to Rome

10 Palestine and Syria

The Tradition of the Message of Jesus

151

(14)

Eschatological Interpretation

The Synoptic Sayings Gospel

The Synoptic Apocalypse

The Collection of Parables

Jesus as Teacher of Wisdom

The Gospel of Thomas

The Dialogue of the Savior

Order of Life and Organization of the Church

The Epistle of James

The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (Didache)

From the Kerygma of the Resurrection to the Gospels of the Church

165

(17)

Traditions under the Authority of Peter

Peter

The Gospel of Peter

The Kerygma of Peter

Other Writings under Peter's Authority

The Oldest Gospel of the Church: The Gospel of Mark

Jesus' Ministry as the Canon of the Church: The Gospel of Matthew

The Johannine Circle

182

(22)

The Development of the Johannine Tradition

Dialogues of Jesus

Traditions of the Johannine Church

Papyrus Egerton 2

The Passion Narrative

The Source of Signs

Eschatological Traditions

Exaltation on the Cross as Gospel: The Gospel of John

The Ecclesiastical Reception of the Johannine Tradition

The First Epistle of John

The Third Epistle of John

The Second Epistle of John

The Gnostic Inheritance of John

Jewish Christianity

204

(8)

The Fate of the Jerusalem Church

Jewish Christianity as a Branch of the Development of the Catholic Church

The Jewish-Christian Gospels

The Gospel of the Nazoreans

The Gospel of the Ebionites

The Fight against Paul

The Judaizers

The Book of Elkasai

The Pseudo-Clementines and the Kerygmata Petrou

Syria, the Country of Origin of Christian Gnosticism

212

(13)

Summary of Previous Observations

The Texts from Nag Hammadi and Syrian Gnosticism

The Apocalypse of Adam

The Hypostasis of the Archons

The Apocryphon of John

The First and Second Apocalypse of James

Gnostic Hymns and Songs

Prologue of John's Gospel and Hymn of the Dance

Hymns in the Apocalypses of James

Hymns in the Acts of Thomas

The Odes of Solomon

11 Egypt

The Beginning of Christianity in Egypt

225

(6)

The Problem of Sources and Evidence

Syrian Traditions in Egypt

Egyptian Jewish Christianity

The Gospel of the Hebrews

The Apocryphon of James

Egyptian Gnosticism

231

(9)

The Testimony of the Writings from Nag Hammadi Pre-Christian Gnosticism in Egypt

Pre-Christian Gnosticism in Egypt

Eugnostos the Blessed and the Sophia of Jesus Christ

The Gospel of the Egyptians (Sethian)

Vernacular Gnostic Christianity: The Gospel of the Egyptians

The Formation of Gnostic Schools

The Naasenes

The Carpocrations

Basilides

Valentinus

The Beginnings of Catholicism

240

(7)

Vernacular Catholic Christianity: The Second Letter of Clement

The Controversy with Gnosticism: The Epistula Apostolorum

The Establishment of an Ecclesiastical Organization

12 Asia, Macedonia, Greece, and Rome

The Renewal of Apocalypticism

247

(19)

Apocalypticism in the Pauline Churches: The Second Letter to the Thessalonians

Apocalypticism and Gnosticism: The Epistle of Jude

Criticism of the Apocalyptic Expectation: The Revelation of John

Apocalyptic Ordering of Christian Life: The Shepherd of Hermas

The Transformation of Pauline Theology into Ecclesiastical Doctrine

266

(44)

The Conflict with Syncretism: The Epistle to the Colossians

The Struggle against Gnosticism: The Epistle to the Ephesians

Apocalyptic Gnosis as Legacy of Paul

The Epistle to the Hebrews

The Epistle of Barnabas

Ignatius of Antioch

Peter and Paul as the Authorities of Ecclesiastical Order: The First Epistle of Clement

The Letters of Peter and the Legacy of Paul

The First Epistle of Peter

The Second Epistle of Peter

Church Order in the Name of Paul: The Pastoral Epistles

Polycarp of Smyrna

Christianity in Its Encounter with Its Social World

310

(41)

Gospel and History as Victory in the World

The Lukan Writings

The Gospel of Luke

The Acts of the Apostles

The Miracle-Working Apostles in Conflict with the World: The Acts of Peter and the Acts of Paul

The Pauline Gospel as Renunciation of the World: Marcion

The Position of the Roman Authorities

The Earliest Christian Apologists

Beginnings and the Apology of Aristides

Justin Martyr

Martyrs: The Martyrdom of Polycarp

Glossary

351

(4)

General Index (Names, Places, Subjects)

355

(16)

Biblical, Jewish, and Early Christian Writings

371

(4)

Authors Discussed in the Text

375

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History and Literature of Early Christianity

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials