A History of Nature Conservation in Britain

This 2nd and fully revised edition offers insights into the campaign for countryside access and protection and considers topical concerns afresh. It examines unwelcome choices for the future and Britain's role in the global conservation debate.

List of plates

x

(1)

List of figures

xi

(1)

List of tables

xii

(1)

Acknowledgements

xiii

(1)

Abbreviations

xiv

(3)

Introduction

xvii

1 The why and the wherefore

1

(11)

Aesthetics

1

(4)

Associations

5

(1)

Scince and economics

6

(2)

Definitions

8

(4)

2 `Prehistory': Isolation and ideals

12

(29)

Attrition

12

(6)

Attitudes

18

(4)

Town and country

22

(7)

Sportsman and collector

29

(4)

Law and society

33

(8)

3 1890-1940: Societies and suburbia

41

(19)

Leading lights

41

(6)

Laws and lists

47

(3)

Science and societies

50

(3)

Old threats and new

53

(5)

No access

58

(2)

4 1940s: National parks and nature reserves

60

(19)

National Parks

60

(10)

Nature reserves

70

(5)

The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949

75

(4)

5 1950s: Refuges and reconstruction

79

(21)

Planning failure

79

(7)

Post-war reconstruction

86

(7)

Refuges and Protection Acts

93

(3)

Pollution and pesticides

96

(4)

6 1960s: New conservationists and the Countryside Acts

100

(21)

Chemicals in the countryside

100

(2)

The new conservationists

102

(3)

New societies for an old movement

105

(3)

The Deer and Countryside Acts

108

(4)

Defeats and successes

112

(5)

Not enough people

117

(4)

7 1970s: Going public and getting places

121

(43)

Going public

121

(3)

New growth

124

(6)

Theory and practice

130

(3)

The Nature Conservancy Council

133

(2)

Action plans and conventions

135

(7)

Disease and pollution

142

(3)

Seals, otters, bats and badgers

145

(3)

The Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act

148

(3)

Farming found out

151

(4)

Farms, forests and parks

155

(3)

Urban conservation and industry

158

(3)

Getting places

161

(3)

8 1980s: Building bridges and bringing down barriers

164

(43)

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

164

(9)

Fighting to befriend the farmers

173

(5)

Forestry, fishing and foreshore

178

(5)

Interrcepting industry

183

(5)

The World Conservation Strategy

188

(7)

Campaigns of conservation

195

(7)

Universality

202

(5)

9 1990s: Government inertia and global initiative

207

(43)

The nature of politics and the politics of nature

207

(4)

The new country agencies

211

(3)

Wood and water

214

(6)

Urban and industrial ventures

220

(2)

A new National Forest, a new National Park

222

(8)

The wider countryside: planning and access

230

(6)

Global concerns and conventions

236

(4)

European inititatives

240

(10)

10 Future: The mechanics and the mission

250

(20)

The state of play today

250

(4)

Social conservation

254

(7)

Unnatural nature

261

(8)

The mission

269

(1)

References and further reading

270

(7)

Species Index

277

(4)

General Index

281

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A History of Nature Conservation in Britain

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials