How Healthy are We?

"The culmination of a decade and a half of research by leading scholars, How Healthy Are We? will dramatically alter the way we think about health in middle age and the factors that influence it. Researchers, policymakers, and others concerned about the quality of midlife in contemporary America will welcome its insights."--BOOK JACKET.

Orville Gilbert Brim is president of Life Trends, Inc., and former director of the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Midlife Development. Carol D. Ryff is professor of psychology and director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Ronald C. Kessler is professor in the Department of Health Care Policy at the Harvard Medical School.

Acknowledgments

xi

1 The MIDUS National Survey: An Overview

Orville Gilbert Brim, Carol D. Ryff, and Ronald C. Kessler

1

(36)

I MIDLIFE PERSPECTIVES ON PH YSICAL HEALTH

2 Sex Differences in Health over the Course of Midlife

Paul D. Cleary, Lawrence B. Zaborski, and John Z. Ayanian

37

(27)

3 Socioeconomic Position and Health across Midlife

Michael G. Marmot and Rebecca Fuhrer

64

(26)

4 Social Inequalities in Health and Well-Being: The Role of Relational and Religious Protective Factors

Carol D. Ryff, Burton H. Singer, and Karen A. Palmersheim

90

(34)

5 Health, Well-Being, and Social Responsibility in the MIDUS Twin and Sibling Subsamples

Ronald C. Kessler, Stephen E. Gilman, Laura M. Thornton, and Kenneth S. Kendler

124

(29)

6 The Menopausal Transition and Aging Processes

Alice S. Rossi

153

(52)

II EMOTION, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN MIDLIFE

7 Positive and Negative Affect at Midlife

Daniel K. Mroczek

205

(22)

8 Age and Depression in the MIDUS Survey

Ronald C. Kessler, Kristin D. Mickelson, Ellen E. Walters, Shanyang Zhao, and Lana Hamilton

227

(25)

9 The Quality of American Life at the End of the Century

William Fleeson

252

(21)

10 In Their Own Words: Well-Being at Midlife among High School-Educated and College-Educated Adults

Hazel Rose Markus, Carol D. Ryff Katherine B. Curhan, and Karen A. Palmersheim

273

(47)

11 The Adaptive Value of Feeling in Control during Midlife

Margie E. Lachman and Kimberly M. Prenda Firth

320

(30)

12 Social Well-Being in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology

Corey L.M. Keyes and Adam D. Shapiro

350

(23)

13 Ethnic Conservatism, Psychological Well-Being, and the Downside of Mainstreaming: Generational Differences

Randall Horton and Richard A. Shweder

373

(25)

14 Psychological Well-Being in MIDUS: Profiles of Ethnic/Racial Diversity and Life-Course Uniformity

Carol D. Ryff Corey L.M. Keyes, and Diane L. Hughes

398

(27)

III CONTEXTS OF MIDLIFE: WORK AND FAMILY EXPERIENCE, NEIGHBORHOOD, AND GEOGRAPHIC REGION

15 Is Daily Life More Stressful during Middle Adulthood?

David M. Almeida and Melanie C. Horn

425

(27)

16 Psychological Well-Being across Three Cohorts: A Response to Shifting Work–Family Opportunities and Expectations?

Deborah Carr

452

(33)

17 Work, Family, and Social Class

Alison Earle and S. Jody Heymann

485

(29)

18 Family Roles and Well-Being during the Middle Life Course

Nadine F. Marks, Larry L. Bumpass, and Heyjung Jun

514

(36)

19 Social Responsibility to Family and Community

Alice S. Rossi

550

(36)

20 Turning Points in Adulthood

Elaine Wethington, Ronald C. Kessler, and Joy E. Pixley

586

(28)

21 Well-Being in America: Core Features and Regional Patterns

Hazel Rose Markus, Victoria C. Plaut, and Margie E. Lachman

614

(37)

List of Contributors

651

(8)

Author Index

659

(16)

Subject Index

675

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials