How Sanctions Work Lessons from South Africa

Eleven respected scholars from South Africa, Canada and the U.S. weigh the evidence regarding the sanctions which were imposed on apartheid South Africa for decades. Although anti-apartheid activists thought sanctions would help topple the regime, most government officials, journalists, and scholars following conventional wisdom argued that they were at best ineffective because embargoes are never airtight. The essays in this collection contain new information which shows how sanctions both directly and indirectly hurt the apartheid regime while in some cases offering succor to the anti-apartheid movement.

Neta C. Crawford and Audie Klotz are Assistant Professors in the Department of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts.

Part I: Introduction * Trump Card or Theater: An Introduction to Two Sanctions Debates--Neta C. Crawford * How Sanctions Work: A Framework for Analysis--Neta C. Crawford & Audie Klotz * Part II: Strategic Sanctions * How Arms Embargoes Work--Neta C. Crawford * Sanctions and the Nuclear Industry--David Fig * The Costs of Oil Sanctions--Neta C. Crawford * Part III: Economic Sanctions * The U.S. Divestment Movement--Meg Voorhes * Disinvestment by Multinational Corporations--Mzamo P. Mangaliso * The Political Economy of Financial Sanctions--Xavier Carim, Audie Klotz and Olivier Lebleu * "Sanctions Hurt but Apartheid Kills!": The Sanctions Campaign and Black Workers--Tshidiso Maloka * Part IV: Social Sanctions * Diplomatic Isolation--Audie Klotz * "Not Cricket": The Effects and Effectiveness of the Sports Boycott--David R. Black * Cultural Boycotts and Political Change--Nomazengele A. Mangaliso * Part V: Implications * Regional Dimensions of Sanctions--Gilbert M. Khadiagala * Making Sanctions Work: Comparative Lessons--Audie Klotz * Index
Part I: Introduction * Trump Card or Theater: An Introduction to Two Sanctions Debates--Neta C. Crawford * How Sanctions Work: A Framework for Analysis--Neta C. Crawford & Audie Klotz * Part II: Strategic Sanctions * How Arms Embargoes Work--Neta C. Crawford * Sanctions and the Nuclear Industry--David Fig * The Costs of Oil Sanctions--Neta C. Crawford * Part III: Economic Sanctions * The U.S. Divestment Movement--Meg Voorhes * Disinvestment by Multinational Corporations--Mzamo P. Mangaliso * The Political Economy of Financial Sanctions--Xavier Carim, Audie Klotz and Olivier Lebleu * "Sanctions Hurt but Apartheid Kills!": The Sanctions Campaign and Black Workers--Tshidiso Maloka * Part IV: Social Sanctions * Diplomatic Isolation--Audie Klotz * "Not Cricket": The Effects and Effectiveness of the Sports Boycott--David R. Black * Cultural Boycotts and Political Change--Nomazengele A. Mangaliso * Part V: Implications * Regional Dimensions of Sanctions--Gilbert M. Khadiagala * Making Sanctions Work: Comparative Lessons--Audie Klotz * Index