Human Paleoecology In The Levantine Corridor

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ISBN: 9781842171554 | 1842171550
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/30/2004

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Few areas of the world have played as prominent a role in human evolution as the Levantine Corridor, a comparatively narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Mediterranean Sea on the west and the expanse of inhospitable desert to the east. The first hominids to leave Africa, over 1.5 million years ago, first entered the Levant before spreading into what is now Europe and Asia. About 100,000 years ago another African exodus, this time of anatomically modern humans, colonised the Levant before expanding into Eurasia. Toward the end of the Pleistocene, the Corridor also witnessed some of the earliest steps toward economic and social intensification, perhaps the most radical change in hominid lifestyle that ultimately paved the way for sedentary communities wholly dependent on domestic animals and cultivated plants.

Acknowledgments

vii

List of Tables

List of Figures

xvi

Introduction

(4)

Naama Goren-Inbar

John D. Speth

The Levantine Waterway, Riparian Archaeology, Paleolimnology, and Conservation

(16)

Dov F. Por

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Springs of Eden, rivers of Life

(3)

Zoogeography of the western branch of the Aquatic Crescent

(4)

Events coeval with Levantine humans

(1)

Riparian cultures of the Levant

(2)

Environmental challenges

(2)

References

(2)

Quaternary Lake Margins of the Levant Rift Valley

(16)

Craig S. Feibel

Abstract

(1)

Why lake margins?

(1)

Implications

(1)

Types of evidence

(1)

The elephant site at Erq el-Ahmar

(2)

The complex cycles of 'Ubeidiya

(7)

Constrained cyclicity at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov

(2)

Patterns of cyclicity in the Pleistocene lakes of the Levant

(1)

References

(2)

Hippos, Pigs, Bovids, Saber-toothed Tigers, Monkeys, and Hominids: Dispersals through the Levantine Corridor during Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Times

(16)

Bienvenido Martinez-Navarro

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Late Pliocene

(3)

Early Pleistocene

(2)

The significant taxa

(2)

Pelorovis

(1)

Kolpochoerus

(1)

Hippopotamus

(1)

Megantereon whitei

(1)

Theropithecus oswaldi

(1)

Early Pleistocene Eurasian species in North Africa

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(7)

Ecological Interactions of Elephantids in Pleistocene Eurasia: Palaeoloxodon and Mammuthus

(8)

Adrian M. Lister

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(3)

Palaeoloxodon

(2)

Mammuthus

(1)

Ecological and evolutionary interaction between Palaeoloxodon and Mammuthus

(2)

References

(3)

Long-term Continuity of a Freshwater Turtle (Mauremys caspica rivulata) Population in the Northern Jordan Valley and its Paleoenvironmental Implications

(14)

Gideon Hartman

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Shell morphology

(2)

Significance of variation in shell morphology

(1)

Mauremys caspica at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov

(1)

Genetic continuity of the Jordan Valley Mauremys caspica

(4)

Materials and methods

(1)

Intraspecific variation in shell formulae in Trachemys scripta populations

(1)

Shell variations in recent populations of Mauremys

(1)

Shell anomaly in Mauremys caspica at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov

(1)

Discussion

(3)

Mauremys caspica at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov

(1)

Differentiation of populations using shell anomalies

(1)

Shared shell anomaly and genetic continuity in fossil and present populations

(1)

Paleoenvironmental implications

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(3)

Early Hominid Subsistence in the Levant: Taphonomic Studies of the Plio-Pleistocene 'Ubeidiya Formation (Israel) -- Evidence from 'Ubeidiya Layer II-24

(14)

Sabine Gaudzinski

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The 'Ubeidiya Formation and its setting

(1)

Materials and methods

(3)

Layer II-24 of the 'Ubeidiya Formation

(4)

The faunal assemblage

(4)

Summary and discussion

(2)

References

(4)

Bands and Other Corporate Hominid Groups in Acheulian Culture

(16)

Emanuel Marx

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The methodological problem

(2)

What are corporate groups?

(5)

Corporate groups in Acheulian culture

(6)

References

102

(3)

Culture and Genes in the Evolution of Human Language

105

(12)

Daniel Dor

Eva Jablonka

Abstract

105

(1)

Introduction

105

(1)

The evolution of language: The cultural engine

106

(3)

The genetic side of the coin: Partial genetic assimilation

109

(3)

Some theoretical issues

112

(2)

References

114

(3)

Climate Variability in the Levant and Northeast Africa during the Late Quaternary Based on Marine and Land Records

117

(18)

Ahuva Almogi-Labin

Miryam Bar-Matthews

Avner Ayalon

Abstract

117

(1)

Introduction

117

(1)

Regional climatic settings

118

(1)

Paleoclimate proxies

119

(1)

Humid conditions during warm interglacial stages

120

(4)

Dry intervals during warm interglacial stages

124

(2)

Dry periods during cool glacial stages

126

(2)

Relatively humid periods during cool glacial stages

128

(1)

Summary

129

(1)

References

129

(6)

Dental Pathology, Stressful Events, and Disease in Levantine Early Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Qafzeh

135

(14)

Anne-Marie Tillier

Henry Duday

Baruch Arensburg

Bernard Vandermeersch

Abstract

135

(1)

Introduction

135

(1)

Material

136

(1)

Aspects of the archaeological record

136

(1)

Dental health and oral hygiene in the Qafzeh hominids

137

(2)

Periodontal diseases and antemortem tooth loss

138

(1)

Evidence of tooth care or occupational modification?

139

(1)

Search for carious lesions

139

(1)

Indicators of non-specific stress and growth disturbances

139

(1)

Developmental tooth enamel defects

139

(1)

Infant mortality

140

(1)

Soft tissue lesions and tumors of osseous origin

140

(2)

Lesions of the ear

140

(2)

Long bone lesions

142

(1)

Cranial malformations

142

(2)

Craniosynostosis

142

(1)

Hydrocephalus

142

(2)

Skeletal evidence of trauma

144

(1)

Conclusions

144

(2)

References

146

(3)

Hunting Pressure, Subsistence Intensification, and Demographic Change in the Levantine Late Middle Paleolithic

149

(18)

John D. Speth

Abstract

149

(1)

Introduction

149

(1)

Background and methods

150

(3)

Average transport distance

153

(1)

Seasonality

154

(3)

Hunting pressure

157

(4)

Conclusions

161

(1)

References

162

(5)

Wetland Drainage in the Levant (Lake Hula, Amik Golu, and el-Azraq Oasis): Impact on Avian Fauna

167

(24)

Shoshana Ashkenazi

Abstract

167

(1)

Introduction

167

(3)

The former large lakes of the Levant

170

(4)

Lake Hula

170

(2)

Amik Golu

172

(1)

El-Azraq Oasis

173

(1)

The drainage stages and their consequences

174

(1)

Complementary utilization of Levant wetlands by avian populations

175

(3)

Lake Hula as wintering site for Amik Golu breeding populations

175

(1)

The Hula Nature Reserve as refuge for Amik Golu avian populations

175

(1)

Influx of wintering avian populations to northern Israel

176

(1)

Changes in the Hula Nature Reserve breeding colony

177

(1)

Inter-relations between avian populations of the Hula and el-Azraq wetlands

178

(1)

Factors determining decline in waterbird populations

178

(2)

Habitat loss

178

(1)

Specimen collecting and hunting

179

(1)

Pesticides and poisoning

179

(1)

Weather conditions

180

(1)

Conservation implications

180

(2)

References

182

(3)

Appendix

185

(6)

``A Feather for Each Wind that Blows'': Utilizing Avifauna in Assessing Changing Patterns in Paleoecology and Subsistence at Jordan Valley Archaeological Sites

191

(16)

Tal Simmons

Abstract

191

(1)

Introduction

191

(2)

Materials and methods

193

(1)

Seasonality

194

(4)

Climate and environment

198

(2)

Overarching trends and singular quirks

200

(2)

Discussion and conclusions

202

(2)

References

204

(3)

Natufian Behavior in the Hula Basin: The Question of Territoriality

207

Francois R. Valla

Abstract

207

(1)

Introduction

207

(2)

Territorial extension

209

(3)

Land use

212

(1)

The notion of ownership

213

(3)

Discussion

216

(2)

References

218

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Human Paleoecology In The Levantine Corridor

Summary

Table of Contents

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Human Paleoecology In The Levantine Corridor

Summary

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