Humanities Vol. II : Cultural Roots and Continuities

, by Witt, Mary Ann Frese; Brown, Charlotte; Dunbar, Roberta; Tirro, Frank; Witt, Ronald G.

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ISBN: 9780618417773 | 061841777X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/1/2004

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This introductory text presents an overview of the liberal arts--literature, art, music, philosophy, and history--with a particular emphasis on literature. The unique selection of works from each culture provides students with a global understanding of the humanities. Several pedagogical features of the Seventh Edition, such as chapter objectives, key terms, art images, and summary questions, help students understand the major concepts of the text. Each volume begins with a "Chronicle of Events" that provides a timetable of key events in world history. "Continuities" sections focus on the lasting contributions of each society.

Illustrations

Preface

xii

Chronicle of Events

Introduction Defining the Humanities and Cultural Roots for the Twenty-First Century

xxv

PART SIX Renaissance and Reformation: Fusion of the Roots

(98)

Humanism and the Early Italian Renaissance

(13)

Beginnings of the Modern World

(4)

Daily Lives Marriage in Renaissance Florence

(2)

Reading Selections

Francesco Petrarch, from the Rime Sparse (Scattered Rhymes); from Letters on Familiar Matters

(2)

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, from the Oration on the Dignity of Man

(2)

Laura Cereta, Letter to Bibulus Sempronius: Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women

(2)

Art and Architecture in Florence

(11)

The City of Florence

(1)

Florentine Architecture

(3)

Sculpture in Florence in the Fifteenth Century

(1)

New Developments in Painting

(6)

The End of the Florentine Renaissance: Machiavelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael

(15)

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469--1527)

(2)

The Renaissance Artist

(1)

Daily Lives A Renaissance Banquet

(7)

Reading Selections

Niccolo Machiavelli, from The Prince

(5)

The Northern Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation

(58)

Erasmus (1463--1536)

(1)

The Protestant Reformation

(2)

Reform and Counter-Reform

(4)

Economic Expansion

(1)

Cultural Relativism

(1)

William Shakespeare (1564--1616) and the Late Renaissance

(2)

Daily Lives Theatergoing in Shakespeare's Time

(3)

Reading Selections

Desiderius Erasmus, from The Praise of Folly

(2)

Michel de Montaigne, from the Essays

(3)

William Shakespeare, from the Sonnets

(1)

William Shakespeare, The Tempest

(32)

Continuities: Renaissance and Reformation

(5)

PART SEVEN Science and Splendor: The Seventeenth Century

(90)

The Consolidation of Modernity

100

(18)

Daily Lives The Suffering of Ordinary People in the Thirty Years' War

101

(1)

The Thirty Years' War and Its Aftermath

101

(2)

The Scientific Revolution

103

(3)

Economic Life

106

(1)

The Age of Absolutism

107

(3)

Reading Selections

Rene Descartes, from the Discourse on Method

110

(2)

Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan

112

(3)

John Locke, from the Second Treatise of Civil Government

115

(3)

The Baroque Style in Art and Literature

118

(20)

Baroque in the Visual Arts

119

(1)

Baroque Painting

119

(7)

Baroque Architecture and Sculpture in Rome: Gian Lorenzo Bernini

126

(2)

Literary Baroque

128

(4)

Reading Selections

Saint Teresa of Avila, from The Book of Her Life

132

(1)

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, A Philosophical Satire; Sonnet on a Portrait of Herself

133

(2)

Richard Crashaw, from The Flaming Heart

135

(1)

John Donne, from Holy Sonnets; from Elegies

135

(3)

Two Masters of Baroque Music: Handel and Bach

138

(9)

George Frederick Handel (1685--1759): Messiah

138

(3)

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685--1750): Christmas Oratorio and Toccata and Fugue in D Minor

141

(6)

The Arts at the Court of Louis XIV

147

(42)

Louis XIV (1638--1715) and Absolutism

147

(1)

Versailles

148

(3)

Daily Lives Rituals at Versailles

151

(3)

French Court Ballet and the Origins of Modern Theatrical Dancing

154

(1)

French Neoclassical Drama

155

(2)

Marie de la Vergne de La Fayette (1634--1693) and the Origins of the Modern Novel

157

(1)

Reading Selections

Moliere, Tartuffe

158

(24)

Marie de la Vergne de La Fayette, from The Princess of Cleves

182

(4)

Continuities: The Seventeenth Century

186

(3)

PART EIGHT Reason, Revolution, Romanticism: The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

189

(92)

The European Enlightenment

190

(28)

A Prerevolutionary Movement

190

(7)

Aspects of Painting in the Enlightenment

197

(4)

Reading Selections

Voltaire, Micromegas

201

(8)

Voltaire, from the Philosophical Dictionary

209

(2)

Montesquieu, from The Persian Letters

211

(1)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from The Social Contract

212

(2)

Mary Wollstonecraft, from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

214

(4)

The Enlightenment in the United States

218

(19)

American Religion

218

(1)

The American Revolution

219

(1)

European Influences

220

(1)

American Federalism

221

(4)

Daily Lives Education in a Moravian School for Girls

225

(2)

From European Classicism to an ``American Style''

227

(2)

African American Voices in the Enlightenment

229

(2)

Reading Selections

Jonathan Edwards, from A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God

231

(1)

Thomas Jefferson, The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty

232

(1)

Phillis Wheatley, from Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral; Letters to Samson Occom

233

(1)

David Walker, from David Walker's Appeal in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World

234

(3)

The Classical Style in Music, the Development of Opera, and Mozart's Don Giovanni

237

(11)

Opera

238

(1)

The Don Juan Theme

238

(1)

Don Giovanni: The Rake Punished

239

(9)

From Revolution to Romanticism

248

(33)

The French Revolution

248

(3)

The Art of the French Revolution: Jacques-Louis David (1748--1825)

251

(2)

Romanticism: A Revolutionary Movement

253

(1)

Enlightened Ideas, Romantic Style

254

(2)

Friedrich Schiller, Hymn to Joy

256

(1)

Individualism and the Romantic Hero

257

(1)

Nature and ``Natural People''

258

(1)

Influence of Rousseau

258

(1)

Daily Lives Lord Byron

259

(1)

Nature in Poetry, Music, and Art

260

(1)

Art: Revolution, Individualism, and Nature

261

(4)

The Romantic Woman and Romantic Love

265

(5)

Reading Selections

William Wordsworth, from The Prelude; The Solitary Reaper; Lines

270

(2)

Lord Byron, Prometheus; On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year

272

(2)

John Keats, Ode to a Grecian Urn

274

(1)

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind; Ozymandias

275

(1)

Emily Dickinson, Selected Poems

276

(2)

Continuities: From the Enlightenment to Romanticism

278

(3)

PART NINE Industrialism and the Humanities: The Middle and Late Nineteenth Century

281

(54)

The Industrial Revolution and New Social Thought

282

(20)

Britain in the Lead

283

(1)

Karl Marx (1818--1883)

283

(1)

Material Progress

284

(1)

Daily Lives The Lives of the Urban Poor Under the Industrial Revolution

285

(1)

Liberalism

286

(1)

Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement

287

(1)

Women's Rights Movements

288

(1)

Reading Selections

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from The Communist Manifesto

289

(4)

The ``Declaration of Sentiments'' of the Seneca Falls Convention

293

(1)

John Stuart Mill, from The Subjection of Women

294

(5)

Frederick Douglass, from ``What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?'': An Address Delivered in Rochester, New York, on 5 July 1852

299

(3)

Art and Literature in the Industrial World: Realism and Beyond

302

(33)

Architecture

302

(2)

Painting: Realism

304

(2)

Photography

306

(1)

Realism in Literature

307

(2)

The Poet and the City: Charles Baudelaire (1821--1867)

309

(1)

Late-Nineteenth-Century Thinkers and Writers

310

(2)

The New Painting

312

(3)

Postimpressionism and Symbolism

315

(4)

Reading Selections

Guy de Maupassant, A Fishing Excursion

319

(2)

Charles Baudelaire, from Les Fleurs du Mal/The Flowers of Evil; The Swan; from Poems in Prose (The Spleen of Paris)

321

(3)

Friedrich Nietzsche, Zarathustra's Prologue

324

(2)

Fyodor Dostoevsky, from Notes from Underground

326

(7)

Continuities: Industrialism and the Humanities

333

(2)

PART TEN Discontinuities: The Early Twentieth Century

335

(88)

Colonialism, the Great War, and Cultural Change

336

(20)

Colonialism

337

(4)

The Great War (World War I) and Its Aftermath

341

(3)

Daily Lives Life in the Trenches

344

(1)

Scientific Developments

345

(1)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

345

(2)

The Postwar Decades

347

(3)

Reading Selections

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est; Strange Meeting

350

(1)

Ezra Pound, from Hugh Selwyn Mauberly

351

(1)

Rudyard Kipling, Recessional

352

(1)

Mohandas (``Mahatma'') Gandhi, from Letter to Lord Irwin; from A Conversation with Tobias and Mays

352

(2)

Sigmund Freud, from Civilization and Its Discontents

354

(2)

Modernism: Visual Arts, Music, and Dance

356

(34)

Modernist Painting, 1900--1930

357

(4)

Nonobjective and Expressionist Painting

361

(2)

Dada and Surrealism

363

(3)

Modernist Sculpture, 1900--1930

366

(1)

Modernist Painting in America

367

(3)

Modernist Architecture, 1900--1930

370

(4)

Two New Art Forms: Photography and Film

374

(5)

Igor Stravinsky (1882--1971), the Russian Ballet, and The Rite of Spring

379

(4)

Modern Dance

383

(1)

Jazz

384

(2)

Daily Lives Harlem Nightlife in the Twenties

386

(1)

Modernism and Indigenous Cultures in Latin America

387

(3)

Modernism: Theater and Literature

390

(33)

Influences of Asia on Modern European Theater

390

(1)

Modernist Movements in Fiction and Poetry

391

(2)

Surrealism

393

(1)

Negritude

394

(1)

The Harlem Renaissance

394

(1)

Developments in Latin American Literature

395

(2)

Reading Selections

Antonin Artaud, from The Theater and Its Double

397

(1)

Franz Kafka, A Country Doctor

398

(3)

T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

401

(2)

Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter; In a Station of the Metro

403

(1)

Virginia Woolf, from A Room of One's Own

404

(2)

Leopold Sedar Senghor, Prayer to Masks

406

(1)

Leon Gontran Damas, They came that night

407

(1)

Claude McKay, If We Must Die

407

(1)

Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers; Danse Africaine

407

(1)

Marita Bonner, On Being Young---a Woman---and Colored

408

(2)

Jorge Luis Borges, Death and the Compass

410

(5)

Miguel Angel Asturias, Tatuana's Tale

415

(2)

Pablo Neruda, Ode to Broken Things

417

(1)

Octavio Paz, Madrugada al raso/Daybreak; Escritura/Writing; La exclamacion/Exclamation; Projimo lejano/Distant Neighbor

418

(2)

Continuities: The Early Twentieth Century: New Traditions

420

(3)

PART ELEVEN Cultural Plurality: From the Middle Twentieth Century On

423

(70)

Absurdity and Alienation: World War II and the Postwar Period

424

(33)

World War II

424

(2)

The Postwar Period

426

(2)

European Literature

428

(2)

Daily Lives The Existentialists' Life in Paris Under the German Occupation

430

(2)

Postwar American Literature

432

(2)

Postwar Music: Charlie Parker (1920--1955)

434

(1)

Painting After World War II

435

(1)

Sculpture After World War II

436

(3)

Reading Selections

Primo Levi, from If This Is a Man

439

(3)

Jean-Paul Sartre, The Republic of Silence

442

(1)

Simone de Beauvoir, from The Second Sex

443

(2)

Albert Camus, from The Myth of Sisyphus

445

(2)

Eugene Ionesco, The Leader

447

(3)

Ralph Ellison, Prologue to Invisible Man

450

(4)

Allen Ginsberg, Sunflower Sutra

454

(1)

Frantz Fanon, from The Wretched of the Earth

455

(2)

Postcolonialism, Postmodernism, and Beyond

457

(36)

The United States from the 1960s into the Twenty-First Century

457

(3)

The World After the Cold War

460

(3)

The Arts in the Contemporary World

463

(4)

Postmodernism, Culture, and the Arts

467

(2)

Architecture from the International Style to Postmodernism

469

(3)

Postmodern Visual Art: Polemics or Platitudes?

472

(2)

The Ascendancy of Craft: The Expansion of the Tradition

474

(1)

Postmodern Music and Dance

474

(1)

Mass Culture and Popular Music

475

(1)

Postmodern Literature and Theory

476

(2)

Reading Selections

Modern African Poems: Chinua Achebe, Generation Gap; Wole Soyinka, Death in the Dawn and I Think It Rains

478

(1)

From the Caribbean: Derek Walcott, White Magic and For Pablo Neruda

479

(1)

From the United States: Sonia Sanchez, present; Ishmael Reed, beware: do not read this poem; Rita Dove, Persephone Abducted and Demeter Mourning; John Barth, Autobiography: A Self-Recorded Fiction

480

(4)

From Latin America: Ernesto Cardenal, Prayer for Marilyn Monroe; Clarice Lispector, He Soaked Me Up

484

(3)

From Israel/Palestine: Yehuda Amichai, Jerusalem; 18; 42; Mahmoud Darwish, Identity Card

487

(3)

Continuities: The Humanities from the Middle Twentieth Century On

490

(3)

Glossary

493

(10)

Credits

503

(2)

Index

505

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Humanities Vol. II : Cultural Roots and Continuities

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials