Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Characteristics and Operation

Unparalleled coverage of the most vibrant research field in photovoltaics!

 

Hybrid perovskites, revolutionary game-changing semiconductor materials, have every favorable optoelectronic characteristic necessary for realizing high efficiency solar cells. The remarkable features of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics, such as superior material properties, easy material fabrication by solution-based processing, large-area device fabrication by an inkjet technology, and simple solar cell structures, have brought enormous attentions, leading to a rapid development of the solar cell technology at a pace never before seen in solar cell history.

Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Characteristics and Operation covers extensive topics of hybrid perovskite solar cells, providing easy-to-read descriptions for the fundamental characteristics of unique hybrid perovskite materials (Part I) as well as the principles and applications of hybrid perovskite solar cells (Part II).

Both basic and advanced concepts of hybrid perovskite devices are treated thoroughly in this book; in particular, explanatory descriptions for general physical and chemical aspects of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics are included to provide fundamental understanding.

This comprehensive book is highly suitable for graduate school students and researchers who are not familiar with hybrid perovskite materials and devices, allowing the accumulation of the accurate knowledge from the basic to the advanced levels.

Hiroyuki Fujiwara is Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Japan. Hiroyuki Fujiwara received his Ph.D. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He was a research associate at Pennsylvania State University during 1996-1998. In 1998, he joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan. During 2007-2008, he was a team leader of Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. Professor Fujiwara has authored and edited six books and has published more than 130 scientific articles. His book on spectroscopic ellipsometry, published by Wiley, has become the most cited book on the topic.

1. Introduction
1.1 Unique Nature of Organic-Inorganic Perovskites
1.2 High Conversion Efficiency of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
1.3 Future Direction of Hybrid Perovskites
1.4 Overview of this Book

2. Overview of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
2.1 Historical Development of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
2.2 Fabrication Method of Hybrid Perovskites
2.3 Stability Issues of Hybrid Perovskite Devices
2.4 Industrialization of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
2.5 Perspective of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

PART I: CHARACTERIZATION OF HYBRID PEROVSKITES

3. Crystal Structures
3.1 What is Hybrid Perovskite?
3.2 Structures of Hybrid Perovskite Crystals
3.3 Structural Variation of Hybrid Perovskites
3.4 Crystallographic Data of Hybrid Perovskites

4. Optical Properties
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Optical Characterization
4.3 Absorption Coefficients
4.4 Band Gaps of Hybrid Perovskites
4.5 Excitonic Properties of Hybrid Perovskites
4.6 Universal Rules for Hybrid Perovskite Optical Properties
4.7 Subgap Absorption Characteristics
4.8 Temperature Effect on Absorption Properties

5. Band Structures and Physical Properties Determined by DFT
5.1 What is Density Functional Theory?
5.2 Crystal Structures Determined by DFT
5.3 Band Structures
5.4 Band Gap
5.5 Density of States and Effective Mass
5.6 Defect Physics of Hybrid Perovskites

6. Carrier Transport Properties
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Measurements of Carrier Properties
6.3 Carrier Properties of Hybrid Perovskites
6.4 Carrier Mobility and Diffusion Length
6.5 Fermi-Level Position
6.6 Effect of Carrier Transport Properties on Devices

7. Ferroelectric Properties
7.1 What is Ferroelectricity?
7.2 Ferroelectricity in Hybrid Perovskites
7.3 Ferroelectric Domains in CH3NH3PbI3
7.4 Influence of Ferroelectricity on Devices

8. Photoluminescence Properties
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Radiative Recombination
8.3 Time-resolved Photoluminescence
8.4 Luminescence Characterization of Devices

9. Photon Recycling
9.1 What is Photon Recycling?
9.2 Characterization of Photon Recycling
9.3 Photon Recycling in Devices

10. Grain-Boundary Properties
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Characterization of Grain-Boundary
10.3 Grain-Boundary Characteristics
10.4 Effect of Grain-Boundary on Device Performance

11. Roles and Dynamic Motion of Center Cations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Infrared Spectra of Hybrid Perovskites
11.3 Physical Picture for Dynamic Motions of Cations
11.4 Theoretical Consideration
11.5 Roles of Center Cations

PART II: OPERATION OF HYBRID PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS

12. Operational Principles of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Structures of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
12.3 Operation of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
12.4 External Quantum Efficiency Analyses
12.5 Carrier Recombination in Solar Cells
12.6 Why the Efficiencies of Hybrid Perovskites are High?

13. Efficiency Limits of Hybrid Perovskites
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Shockley-Queisser limit
13.3 Maximum Efficiency in the Thin-Film Limit
13.4 Performance Limiting Factors of Hybrid Perovskite Devices

14. Mixed-Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Advantages of Mixed-Cation Perovskites
14.3 Solar Cell Performance
14.4 Stability of Solar Cells
14.5 Perspectives of Mixed-Cation Hybrid Perovskites

15. Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
15.1 Advantage of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskites
15.2 Characteristics of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskites
15.3 Sn-Based Devices
15.4 Stability of Sn-based Solar Cells
15.5 Advanced Architecture for Sn-Based Solar Cells

16. Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Real-time Characterization of Perovskite Degradation
16.3 Degradation Mechanisms of Hybrid Perovskites
16.4 Ion Migration
16.5 Strategy for the Improvement of Perovskite Stability

17. Hysteresis in J-V characteristics
17.1 What is J-V Hysteresis?
17.2 Characterization of Hysteresis in Hybrid Perovskites
17.3 Origin of J-V Hysteresis in Hybrid Perovksite
17.4 Suppression of Hysteresis Effects

18. Operation of Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Architecture of Tandem Devices
18.4 Tandem Solar Cells with Si Bottom Cells
18.5 Tandem Solar Cells with CuInGaSe2 Bottom Cells
18.6 Perspective of Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

19. All Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Architecture of All-Perovskite Tandem Device
19.4 Stability of Tandem Solar Cells
19.5 Future Direction of All Perovskite Devices

Appendix
Structures (CIF Files) of Hybrid Perovskites
Optical Constants of Hybrid Perovskites