Hydraulics for Operators

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ISBN: 9780873718462 | 0873718461
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 10/22/1992

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This important new reference addresses the principles and calculations dealing with the hydraulics of water systems. Hydraulics for Operators includes what is necessary for a basic understanding of water and wastewater utility operations, and it emphasizes practical applications of these principles. This practical reference covers a wide variety of important subjects such as mass density and flow, pressure, open channel flow, pumping, friction loss, and flow measurement. Hydraulics for Operators is loaded with graphics, and sample exercises are included to ensure this new book is an easily understood reference. It is a must for your operator library.

Mass, Density and Flow	p. 1
Mass and Weight	p. 1
Density	p. 1
Temperature	p. 2
Pressure	p. 2
Specific Gravity	p. 2
Displacement	p. 3
Flow	p. 4
Equation of Continuity	p. 5
Pressure	p. 7
Pascal's Law	p. 9
Container Shape	p. 10
Pumps	p. 11
Pressure Measurement	p. 12
Piezometer	p. 12
Pressure Gage	p. 12
Gage Position	p. 13
Air Pressure/Water Pressure	p. 14
Atmospheric Pressure	p. 14
Absolute Pressure	p. 14
Total Pressure - Force	p. 15
Effects of Pressure - Dynamic Systems	p. 16
Water Hammer	p. 16
Thrust	p. 17
Thrust Blocks	p. 18
Thrust Anchors	p. 18
Bernoulli's Theorem	p. 19
Static Systems	p. 19
Dynamic Systems - Head Loss	p. 21
Types of Head	p. 21
Pressure Head	p. 21
Elevation Head	p. 22
Velocity Head	p. 23
Total Head	p. 26
Head Loss	p. 26
Steady State Flow	p. 26
Bernoulli's Theorem	p. 27
Pumping - Introduction	p. 33
Pumping Heads	p. 33
Static Heads	p. 34
Dynamic Heads	p. 35
Power Calculations	p. 37
Well Problems - Pumping Problems	p. 40
Groundwater Well	p. 40
Well Yield	p. 40
Static Water Level	p. 40
Pumping Water Level	p. 40
Drawdown	p. 40
Safe Well Yield	p. 40
Radius of Influence	p. 41
Cone of Depression	p. 41
Specific Capacity	p. 41
Wet Wells	p. 41
Water Level Sensing and Pump Control	p. 42
Mechanical Floats	p. 42
Diaphragm Element	p. 42
Bubbler	p. 42
Electronic Probes	p. 42
Ultrasonic Detectors	p. 42
Friction Loss	p. 43
Components of Head Loss	p. 43
Roughness	p. 43
Length	p. 44
Diameter	p. 44
Velocity	p. 44
C Factor	p. 44
Slope	p. 46
Compound Pipes	p. 49
Calculating with Pipes in Series	p. 49
Calculating with Pipes in Parallel	p. 49
Minor Head Loss	p. 50
Equivalent Pipe Technique	p. 51
Velocity Head Technique	p. 53
Ordinary Exit	p. 54
Ordinary Entrance	p. 54
Borda Entrance	p. 54
Open Channel Flow	p. 55
Calculations for Open Channel Flow	p. 57
Flow Measurement	p. 63
Flow Rate	p. 64
Flow Amount	p. 64
Flow Rate Meters	p. 64
Pressure Differential Meters: Closed Pipe Flow	p. 64
Orifice Meters	p. 64
Venturi Meters	p. 66
Flow Rate Controller	p. 67
Differential Manometers	p. 68
Pressure Differential Meters: Open Channel Flow	p. 70
Weirs	p. 70
Rectangular Weir	p. 70
90 Degree V Notch Weir	p. 70
Parshall Flumes	p. 70
Inlet	p. 72
Throat	p. 72
Outlet	p. 72
Trajectory of a Jet	p. 72
Pitot Gage (Pitot Tube)	p. 73
Magnetic Flow Meter	p. 74
Ultra Sonic Meters	p. 74
Rotameter	p. 75
Totalizer Meters	p. 75
Positive Displacement Meters	p. 75
Turbine Meters	p. 76
Compound Meters	p. 77
Propeller Meters	p. 78
Proportional Meters	p. 78
Sizing Service Lines and Meters	p. 78
Centrifugal Pumps	p. 87
Pump Types - Position	p. 89
Vertical Pump	p. 89
Horizontal Pump	p. 90
Pump Types - Exit Flow Direction	p. 90
Radial Pump	p. 90
Axial Pump	p. 90
Pump Types - Suction Condition	p. 90
Single Suction	p. 90
Double Suction	p. 90
Pump Types - Impellers	p. 90
Single Stage	p. 90
Multi-Stage	p. 91
Other Important Pump Components	p. 91
Stuffing Box and Packing	p. 91
Mechanical Seals	p. 91
Rotating Assembly	p. 91
Stationary Assembly	p. 91
Bearings	p. 92
Radial Bearing (Line Bearing)	p. 92
Thrust Bearing	p. 92
Pumping Characteristics: The Pump Performance Curve	p. 92
Changing System Conditions	p. 95
The System Curve	p. 96
Pumps in Series	p. 97
Booster Pumping	p. 97
Multi-Stage Pumps	p. 97
Pumps in Parallel	p. 98
Changing Pump Performance	p. 98
Change Pumping RPM	p. 99
Change Impeller Size	p. 99
Variable Speed Pumps	p. 99
Priming a Pump	p. 100
Foot Valve	p. 100
Vacuum Pumps and Ejectors	p. 100
Priming Chamber	p. 101
Cavitation	p. 101
Atmospheric Pressure	p. 103
Velocity Head	p. 103
Suction Lift	p. 103
Suction Losses	p. 103
Vapor Pressure	p. 103
Entrained Air	p. 104
Insufficient Submersion	p. 104
Shallow Suction	p. 104
Slope of Associated Piping	p. 104
Reducers	p. 104
Specialized Pumping Systems	p. 105
Submersible Pumps	p. 105
Deep Well Pumps	p. 107
Jet Pumps	p. 107
Pump Appurtenances: The Pressure Gage	p. 107
Pump Operation Guidelines	p. 108
Selection	p. 108
Installation	p. 109
Operation	p. 109
Maintenance	p. 109
Exercises	p. 111
Glossary	p. 135
Bibliography	p. 143
Index	p. 145
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

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Hydraulics for Operators

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Table of Contents

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