An Illustrated Guide to the Mountain Streams

Now available in a revised and updated edition, An Illustrated Guide to the Mountain Stream Insects of Coloradois a comprehensive resource on the biology, ecology, and systematics of aquatic insects found in Rocky Mountain streams. This richly illustrated volume includes descriptions of mountain stream ecosystems and habitats, simplified identification keys, and an extensive bibliography. This second edition is ideal for the naturalist, trout stream anglers interested in entomology, specialists in stream ecology, and students of aquatic entomology and freshwater biology.

B. C. Kondratieff is a professor of entomology and curator of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity at Colorado State University.

Preface

ix

Introduction

1

(4)

The Natural Setting

5

(4)

Mountain Stream Ecosystems

9

(10)

Some Basic Principles

9

(2)

Stream Order Analysis

9

(1)

Longitudinal Profiles

10

(1)

Channel Patterns

11

(1)

Riffles and Pools

11

(1)

Major Lotic Habitat Types

11

(5)

Special Lotic Habitats

16

(3)

Controlling Factors

19

(8)

Temperature

19

(1)

Discharge and Current

20

(2)

Substrate and Suspended Matter

22

(1)

Chemical Conditions

23

(1)

Total Dissolved Solids

23

(1)

Dissolved Gases

24

(1)

Nutrient Salts

24

(1)

Aquatic and Riparian Vegetation

24

(3)

Insects of Aquatic Habitats

27

(8)

Life Histories

27

(2)

Food and Feeding

29

(2)

Adaptations to Running Waters

31

(4)

Impacts of Humans on Mountain Streams

35

(8)

Aquatic Insects and Water

36

(1)

Stream Regulation

36

(2)

Organic Pollution

38

(1)

Mining

39

(1)

Other Watershed Disturbance

40

(3)

Evaluating Aquatic Communities

43

(6)

Multimetric and Multivariate Approaches

43

(1)

The Indicator Organism Concept

44

(1)

Community Structure

45

(4)

Insects of Colorado Mountain Streams

49

(116)

Key to Orders

51

(2)

Plecoptera (stoneflies)

53

(25)

Key to Families

55

(3)

Pteronarcyidae

58

(1)

Taeniopterygidae

58

(1)

Nemouridae

59

(1)

Capniidae

59

(2)

Leuctridae

61

(1)

Perlidae

62

(1)

Perlodidae

62

(1)

Chloroperlidae

63

(15)

Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

78

(25)

Key to Families

80

(1)

Ephemeridae

81

(1)

Polymitarcyidae

82

(1)

Isonychiidae

82

(1)

Oligoneuriidae

82

(1)

Leptohyphidae

82

(1)

Caenidae

83

(1)

Ephemerellidae

83

(1)

Heptageniidae

84

(1)

Ametropodidae

85

(1)

Leptophlebiidae

85

(1)

Baetidae

86

(2)

Ameletidae

88

(1)

Siphlonuridae

88

(15)

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

103

(28)

Key to Families

105

(1)

Helicopsychidae

106

(1)

Hydroptilidae

107

(1)

Hydropsychidae

108

(1)

Leptoceridae

109

(1)

Glossosomatidae

109

(1)

Rhyacophilidae

110

(1)

Philopotamidae

110

(1)

Polycentropodidae

110

(1)

Psychomyiidae

111

(1)

Brachycentridae

111

(1)

Lepidostomatidae

112

(1)

Uenoidae

112

(1)

Limnephilidae

112

(2)

Apataniidae

114

(17)

Coleoptera (beetles)

131

(8)

Key to Families-Adults

132

(1)

Key to Families-Larvae

133

(1)

Elmidae

133

(2)

Dryopidae

135

(1)

Other Families

135

(4)

Diptera (true flies)

139

(21)

Key to Families

139

(2)

Tipulidae

141

(1)

Blephariceridae

142

(1)

Deuterophlebiidae

143

(1)

Dixidae

143

(1)

Simuliidae

143

(1)

Chironomidae

144

(1)

Tanyderida

145

(1)

Psychodidae

146

(1)

Ceratopogonidae

146

(1)

Stratiomyidae

146

(1)

Athericidae

146

(1)

Empididae

147

(1)

Syrphidae

147

(1)

Muscidae

148

(12)

Other Orders

160

(5)

Appendix A: Mayfly Distribution

165

(4)

Appendix B: Stonefly Distribution

169

(4)

Appendix C: Caddisfly Distribution

173

(6)

Glossary

179

(8)

References

187

(24)

Subject Index

211

(4)

Taxonomic Index

215

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An Illustrated Guide to the Mountain Streams Insects of Colorado

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials