The Image of Political Power in the Reign of Nerva, AD 96-98

At age 65, Nerva assumed the role of emperor of Rome; just sixteen months later, his reign ended with his death. Nerva's short reign robbed his regime of the opportunity for the emperor's imperial image to be defined in building or monumental art, leaving seemingly little for the art historian or archaeologist to consider. In view of this paucity, studies of Nerva primarily focus on the historical circumstances governing his reign with respect to the few relevant literary sources. The Image of Political Power in the Reign of Nerva, AD 96-98, by contrast, takes the entire imperial coinage program issued by the mint of Rome to examine the "self-representation," and, by extension, the policies and ideals of Nerva's regime. The brevity of Nerva's reign and the problems of retrospection caused by privileging posthumous literary sources make coinage one of the only ways of reconstructing anything of his image and ideology as it was disseminated and developed at the end of the first century during the emperor's lifetime. The iconography of this coinage, and the popularity and spread of different iconographic types-as determined by study of hoards and finds, and as targeted towards different ancient constituencies-offers a more positive take on a little-studied emperor. Across three chapters, Elkins traces the different reverse types and how they would have resonated with their intended audiences, concluding with an examination of the parallels between text and coin iconography with previous and subsequent emperors. The Image of Political Power in the Reign of Nerva, AD 96-98 thus offers significant new perspectives on the agents behind the selection and formulation of iconography in the late first and early second century, showing how coinage can act as a visual panegyric similar to contemporary laudatory texts by tapping into how the inner circle of Nerva's regime wished the emperor to be seen.

Nathan T. Elkins is Assistant Professor of Art History (Greek and Roman) at Baylor University. He is a Fellow of the American Numismatic Society (New York) and a Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society (London).

List of Abbreviations
Preface

Introduction: The Power of Images in the Reign of Nerva

Chapter 1. Nerva as Supreme Military Commander
Chapter 2. Nerva, The Senate and People of Rome, and Italy
Chapter 3. Nerva and the Roman Empire
Chapter 4. Conclusion: The Visualization of Rhetoric

Appendix 1. The Typological Makeup of Nerva's Imperial Coin Emissions
Appendix 2. Nerva's Coin Types and Their Dates of Production
Appendix 3. The Relative Frequencies of Denarius Types by Emission
Appendix 4. Identifiable Base-Metal Coins and Their Regional Distribution (Hoards and Excavations)
Bibliography
Index