Incrementalism And Public Policy

A useful guide for undergraduate and graduate students, Incrementalism and Public Policy is a comprehensive overview of the best-known policy-making modelsLindblom's incrementalism, the Madisonian model, the responsible parties model, group theory, and the privileged position of business in capitalist societiesand a detailed discussion of the possibilities for nonincremental change.

Michael T. Hayes (MA and Ph.D., Indiana University) is Professor of Political Science at Colgate University

Preface

ix

Models of Policy Change

1

(10)

The Policy Process

2

(2)

Incrementalism and Policy Change

4

(2)

Understanding and Evaluating the Policy Process through Models

6

(1)

The Sources of Incrementalism

7

(2)

The Sources of Policy Change

9

(1)

Notes

10

(1)

PART I THE SOURCES OF INCREMENTALISM

11

(118)

Incrementalism and the Limits of Rationality

13

(14)

The Rational-Comprehensive Ideal

14

(1)

The Limits of Rationality

15

(1)

Incrementalism as an Alternative to Rationality

16

(4)

Policy Change under the Incremental Model

20

(2)

Is Incrementalism Desirable?

22

(3)

Notes

25

(2)

Multiple Veto Points and the Need for Concurrent Majorities

27

(17)

The Problem of Factions

27

(4)

Policy-Making in a Compound Republic

31

(8)

Policy Change under the Classical Model

39

(1)

Notes

40

(4)

The Unequal Group Struggle

44

(19)

The Group Basis of Politics

45

(1)

The Systematic Bias to the Group Universe

46

(2)

The Balance of Forces

48

(2)

The Group Struggle and the Evolution of Policy

50

(5)

Policy Change and the Group Struggle Model

55

(4)

Notes

59

(4)

The Privileged Position of Business

63

(17)

The Market as Prison

63

(1)

The Sources of Business Power

64

(3)

The Importance of the Agenda

67

(2)

Corporate Power and the Agenda

69

(2)

Business Influence on Observed Decisions

71

(2)

Imperfect Competition

73

(2)

Corporate Power and Policy Change

75

(1)

Notes

76

(4)

Is There an Alternative to Incrementalism?

80

(17)

Responsible Parties and the Evolution of Policy

81

(1)

Majority Rule and Responsible Parties

82

(1)

Voters, Parties, and Issues

83

(2)

The Decline of Party Identification

85

(1)

The Decline of the Parties as Electoral Institutions

86

(1)

The Decline of the Parties as Governing Institutions

87

(1)

The Parties as ``Potential Groups''

88

(1)

Parties and the Responsibility for Performance in Office

89

(2)

An Unsentimental Defense of the American Political System

91

(2)

Notes

93

(4)

Federalism, Corporate Power, and Surface Mining Regulation

97

(21)

Trade-Offs among Conflicting Objectives

97

(2)

The Surface Mining Issue Reaches the Federal Agenda

99

(2)

The Struggle for a Strip Mining Law, 1971--1977

101

(3)

Implementation of the Act under President Carter

104

(7)

Decentralization of Enforcement under the Reagan Administration

111

(3)

Notes

114

(4)

The Policy Process: Some Generalizations

118

(11)

Problem Indentification and Agenda Setting

118

(2)

Policy Adoption

120

(4)

Policy Implementation

124

(2)

How to Explain Nonincremental Change

126

(1)

Notes

126

(3)

PART II UNDERSTANDING POLICY CHANGE

129

(72)

Rationality and Nonincremental Policy

131

(15)

Two Cases of Nonincremental Change

131

(1)

A Reformulation of Lindblom's Typology

132

(4)

Policy-Making in the Four Quadrants

136

(4)

Nonincremental Change and the Four Quadrants

140

(3)

Notes

143

(3)

When Is Policy Change Nonincremental?

146

(23)

Defining Nonincremental Change

146

(1)

A Typology of Policy Change

147

(6)

Familiar Policies, Policy Communities, and Nonincremental Change

153

(6)

A Typology of Policy Contraction

159

(3)

Conclusion

162

(1)

Notes

162

(7)

Welfare Reform: Obstacles to Nonincremental Change

169

(26)

AFDC and the Welfare Crisis

169

(3)

The Case for a Negative Income Tax

172

(2)

The Breakdown of Rationality

174

(3)

Incrementalism and Welfare Reform in the Nixon Administration

177

(8)

Comprehensive Welfare Reform under President Carter

185

(5)

The Legacy of Failed Reform

190

(1)

Notes

191

(4)

Policy Change: Constraints and Possibilities

195

(6)

Notes

200

(1)

Bibliography

201

(14)

Index

215

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Incrementalism And Public Policy

Summary

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Table of Contents

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