Inferno

In 1867, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow completed the first American translation ofInfernoand thus introduced Dante's literary genius to the New World. In theInferno, the spirit of the classical poet Virgil leads Dante through the nine circles of Hell on the initial stage of his journey toward Heaven. Along the way Dante encounters and describes in vivid detail the various types of sinners in the throes of their eternal torment.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet, educator, and linguist, wrote many long narrative poems, including The Song of Hiawatha, Evangeline, and The Courtship of Miles Standish. Matthew Pearl is the author of the novel The Dante Club, published by Random House, and is a graduate of Harvard University and Yale Law School. In 1998 he won the prestigious Dante Prize from the Dante Society of America for his scholarly work. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lino Pertile is a professor of Romance languages and literature at Harvard University. He specializes in Dante and the Latin Middle Ages.

Biographical Note

v

Preface

xi

Matthew Pearl

Introduction

xvii

Lino Pertile

A Note on the Text

xxv

INFERNO

The Dark Forest.---The Hill of Difficulty.---the Panther, the Lion, and the Wolf.---Virgil

3

(5)

Dante's Protest and Virgil's Appeal.---The Intercession of the Three Ladies Benedight

8

(5)

The Gate of Hell.---The Inefficient or Indifferent.---Pope Celestine V.---The Shores of Acheron.---Charon.---The Earthquake and the Swoon

13

(5)

The First Circle.---Limbo, or the Border Land of the Unbaptized.---The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan.---The Noble Castle of Philosophy

18

(5)

The Second Circle.---Minos.---The Wanton.---The Infernal Hurricane.---Francesca da Rimini

23

(5)

The Third Circle.---Cerberus.---The Gluttonous.---The Eternal Rain.---Ciacco

28

(4)

The Fourth Circle.---Plutus.---The Avaricious and the Prodigal.---Fortune and her Wheel.---The Fifth Circle.---Styx.---The Irascible and the Sullen

32

(5)

Phlegyas.---Philippo Argenti.---The Gate of the City of Dis

37

(5)

The Furies.---The Angel.---The City of Dis.---The Sixth Circle.---Heresiarchs

42

(5)

Farinata and Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti

47

(5)

Pope Anastasius.---General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions

52

(4)

The Minotaur.---The Seventh Circle.---The Violent.---Phlegethon.---The Violent against their Neighbors.---The Centaurs.---Tyrants

56

(5)

The Wood of Thorns.---The Harpies.---The Violent against themselves.---Suicides.---Pier della Vigna.---Lano and Jacopo da Sant' Andrea

61

(5)

The Sand Waste.---The Violent against God.---Capaneus.---The Statue of Time, and the Four Infernal Rivers

66

(5)

The Violent against Nature.---Brunetto Latini

71

(4)

Guidoguerra, Aldobrandi, and Rusticucci.---Cataract of the River of Blood

75

(5)

Geryon.---The Violent against Art.---Usurers.---Descent into the Abyss of Malebolge

80

(5)

The Eighth Circle: Malebolge.---The Fraudulent.---The First Bolgia: Seducers and Panders.---Venedico Caccianimico.---Jason.---The Second Bolgia: Flatterers.---Allessio Interminelli.---Thais

85

(5)

The Third Bolgia: the Simoniacs.---Pope Nicholas III.

90

(5)

The Fourth Bolgia: Soothsayers.---Amphiaraus, Tiresias, Arunas, Manto, Eryphylus, Michael Scott, Guido Bonatti, and Asdente

95

(5)

The Fifth Bolgia: Peculators.---The Elder of Santa Zita.---Malebranche

100

(5)

Ciampolo, Friar Gomita, and Michael Zanche

105

(5)

The Sixth Bolgia: Hypocrites.---Catalano and Loderingo.---Caiaphas

110

(5)

The Seventh Bolgia: Thieves.---Vanni Fucci

115

(5)

Agnello Brunelleschi, Buoso degli Abati, Puccio Sciancato, Cianfa de' Donati, and Guercio Cavalcanti

120

(5)

The Eighth Bolgia: Evil Counsellors.---Ulysses and Diomed

125

(5)

Guido da Montefeltro

130

(5)

The Ninth Bolgia: Schismatics.---Mahomet and Ali.---Pier da Medicina, Curio, Mosca, and Bertrand de Born

135

(5)

The Tenth Bolgia: Alchemists.---Griffolino d' Arezzo and Capocchio

140

(5)

Other Falsifiers or Forgers.---Gianni Schicchi, Myrrha, Adam of Brescia, Potiphar's Wife, and Sinon of Troy

145

(5)

The Giants, Nimrod, Ephialtes, and Antxus

150

(5)

The Ninth Circle: the Frozen Lake of Cocytus.---First Division, Caina: Traitors to their Kindred.---Camicion de' Pazzi.---Second Division, Antenora: Traitors to their Country.---Bocca degli Abati and Buoso da Duera

155

(5)

Count Ugolino and the Archbishop Ruggieri.---Third Division of the Ninth Circle, Ptolomæa: Traitors to their Friends.---Friar Alberigo, Branco d' Oria

160

(5)

Fourth Division of the Ninth Circle, the Judecca; Traitors to their Lords and Benefactors.---Lucifer, Judas Iscariot, Brutus and Cassius

165

(6)

Notes

171

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Summary

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