Inflammatory Diseases of Blood Vessels

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the vasculitic diseases, largely due to the introduction of effective treatments for diseases that were once uniformly fatal, the conduct of structured clinical studies, and advances in immunology and molecular biology. Despite these achievements, the vasculitic diseases continue to be associated with morbidity and mortality from chronic organ damage, relapses, and the side effects of treatment. Investigations into the mechanisms of vascular inflammation may lead to a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of vasculitic diseases and to treatment that is more effective and less toxic. These areas of promising research, together with current knowledge about the vasculitic diseases, are extensively examined in this new edition, which is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the science and clinical consequences of vascular inflammation in health and disease.

Gary S. Hoffman, M.D., M.S. is Chairman of the Department of Immunologic Diseases and Director of the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, and holds the Harold C. Schott Chair for Immunologic Diseases at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, and is founder and Chairman of the International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS). Repeatedly listed in "The Best Doctors in America" , Professor Hoffman is the former Head of Vasculitis and Related Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cornelia M. Weyand, M.D., Ph.D. is a Professor of Medicine and Immunology at the Mayo Medical School, a Consultant in the Department of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic, and the Barbara Woodward Lips Professor at the Mayo Clinic Foundation in Rochester, Minnesota. The author of numerous publications, she is a Consulting Editor for the Journal of Clinical Investigation. Professor Weyand completed additional immunology training at Stanford University, California, and is the recipient of numerous national and international awards.

Carol A. Langford, MD, MHS, FACP, was a senior investigator within the Immunologic Diseases Section of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1994 to 2004. At the NIH, Dr. Langford’s research focused on vasculitic diseases, where she was Principal Investigator for nine vasculitis-related protocols. While at the NIH, Dr. Langford received an NIAID Special Act of Service Award in 2001 and was the recipient of NIAID Staff Recognition Awards from 1998 through 2004. In 2004, Dr. Langford joined the Cleveland Clinic to become Director of the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research within the Department of Immunologic Diseases. She is an Associate Professor of Medicine of the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University. A frequently invited lecturer at national and international medical meetings, Dr. Langford has authored more than 50 scientific papers and chapters on vasculitis.

Jörg J. Goronzy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

List of Contributors

Preface

Section I. Biology of Blood Vessels and Mechanisms of Vascular Inflammation

1 Vascular Development
Domenico Ribatti and Enrico Crivellato

2 Vascular Repair
Christian Troidl, Kerstin Troidl, Georg Jung, Thomas Schmitz-Rixen and Wolfgang Schaper

3 Leukocyte Trafficking
Braedon McDonald and Paul Kubes

4 Dendritic Cells and Vascular Inflammation
Cornelia M. Weyand

5 T Cells and Vascular Inflammation
Jörg J. Goronzy

6 Autoantibodies and Vascular Inflammation
A.Rutgers, J.S.F. Sanders, J.W. Cohen Tervaert, C.G.M. Kallenberg

7 Neutrophils and Vascular Inflammation
Matthew David Morgan and Caroline OS Savage

8 Cytokines and Vascular Inflammation
Maria C Cid, Marc Corbera-Bellalta, Ester Planas-Rigol, Ester Lozano, Georgina Espígol-Frigolé, Ana García-Martínez, José Hernández-Rodríguez, Marta Segarra

9 Oxidative Stress and Vascular Inflammation
David G. Harrison

10 Hemostasis and Vascular Inflammation
Lawrence Leung and John Morser

11 Animal Models of Vasculitis
Masato Nose

12 Arteries, Smooth Muscle Cells, and Genetic Causes of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Amy J. Reid and Dianna M. Milewicz

13 Innate Immunity in Atherosclerosis
Shuang Chen, Prediman K. Shah and Moshe Arditi

14 Adaptive Immunity in Atherosclerosis
Jan Nilsson

Section II. Primary Autoimmune Vascular Diseases

15 Historical Perspectives Vasculitis
Eric L. Matteson

16 Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Vasculitis
Eamonn S. Molloy and Carol A. Langford

17 Imaging of medium and large vessels (CT/PET/MR)
Thorsten Alexander Bley

18 Kawasaki disease
Rae S.M. Yeung

19 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Philip J. Hashkes and Alexandra Villa-Forte

20 Polyarteritis Nodosa
Eli M. Miloslavsky and John H. Stone

21 Microscopic polyangiitis
Coen Stegeman

22 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Gary S. Hoffman, Carol A. Langford and Ulrich Specks

23 Churg–Strauss Syndrome (Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, EGPA)
Christian Pagnoux and Loïc Guillevin

24 Giant cell arteritis
Cornelia M. Weyand and Jörg J. Goronzy

25 Takayasu's arteritis
Kathleen Maksimowicz-McKinnon and Gary S. Hoffman

26 Behçet's Syndrome
Yusuf Yazici, Ismail Simsek and Hasan Yazici

27 Cogan's Syndrome
Rex M. McCallum and E. William St. Clair

28 Idiopathic cryoglobulinemic vasculitides
Benjamin Terrier and Patrice Cacoub

29 Primary central nervous system vasculitis
Rula A. Hajj-Ali and Leonard H. Calabrese

30 Single organ vasculitis
José Hernández-Rodríguez and Gary S. Hoffman

31 Primary cutaneous vasculitis
Jeffrey P. Callen

32 Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Ahmet Ruchan Akar and M. Serkan Durdu

Section III. Secondary Causes of Vasculitis

33 Virus-associated vasculitides
Dimitrios Vassilopoulos and Leonard H. Calabrese

34 Drug-induced vasculitis
Peter A. Merkel

35 Rheumatoid vasculitis
Kimberly P. Liang, Carl Turesson, Larry W. Moreland

36 Vasculopathy/Vasculitis and progressive systemic sclerosis
Nezam Altorok, Omar R. Kahaly and Bashar Kahaleh

37 Vasculitis and Sjögren's syndrome
George E. Fragoulis and Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos

38 Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Ricardo Garcia and Andras Perl

39 Vasculitis in the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Frederick W. Miller and Chester V. Oddis

40 Vasculitis and relapsing polychondritis
Tanaz A. Kermani and Kenneth J. Warrington

41 Systemic Vasculitis in Sarcoidosis
Alexandra Villa-Forte and Gary S. Hoffman

42 Vasculitis as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome and Direct Tumour Invasion of Vessels
Claire E. Barber and Simon Carette

Section IV. Recognizing Risks and Treating Damage from Vasculitis

43 Cholesterol and Modifications of Cholesterol in Rheumatic Disorders
Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert

44 Prevention and treatment of medical complications
Atul Khasnis and Carol A. Langford

45 Ophthalmic Risks and Complications Aassociated with the Treatment of Systemic Vasculitis
Steven Yeh and James T. Rosenbaum

46 Subglottic Stenosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Rahul Seth and Daniel S. Alam

47 Sino-Nasal Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Daniel S. Alam, Rahul Seth, Raj Sindwani

48 Neurologic Damage of Vasculitis
C. David Lin

49 Endstage Renal Disease and Vasculitis
Kirsten de Groot and Charles Pusey

50 Cardiothoracic Surgery for Takayasu's Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis
Turki Albacker and Lars Svensson

51 Peripheral Vascular Surgery for Takayasu's Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis
Ravi R. Rajani and Vikram S. Kashyap

Index

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Inflammatory Diseases of Blood Vessels

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials