The Intellectual Origins of the European

The sixteenth-century Reformation remains a fascinating and exciting area of study. The revised edition of this distinguished volume explores the intellectual origins of the Reformation and examines the importance of ideas in the shaping of history. Provides an updated and expanded version of the original, highly-acclaimed edition. Explores the complex intellectual roots of the Reformation, offering a sustained engagement with the ideas of humanism and scholasticism. Demonstrates how the intellectual origins of the Reformation were heterogeneous, and examines the implications of this for our understanding of the Reformation as a whole. Offers a defence of the entire enterprise of intellectual history, and a reaffirmation of the importance of ideas to the development of history. Written by Alister E. McGrath, one of today's best-known Christian writers.

Alister E. McGrath isProfessor of Historical Theology at Oxford University, and Principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. He is the author of numerous bestselling books, including The Future of Christianity, Christian Theology: An Introduction, 3rd edition, and In The Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible.

Preface

vii

Abbreviations

x

Introduction

1

(8)

Part 1: The Intellectual Context

9

(108)

1 The Shape of Late Medieval Religious Thought

11

(23)

The Rise of Lay Religion

11

(4)

The Crisis of Authority Within the Church

15

(3)

The Development of Doctrinal Diversity

18

(11)

Forerunners of the Reformation

29

(5)

2 Humanism and the Reformation

34

(33)

Humanism: The Problem of Definition

34

(6)

Characteristic Features of Northern European Humanism

40

(4)

Humanism and the Origins of the Reformed Church

44

(14)

Humanism and the Origins of the Lutheran Church

58

(9)

3 Late Medieval Theology and the Reformation

67

(50)

Nominalism: The Problem of Definition

68

(5)

Via Moderna

73

(9)

Schola Augustiniana Moderna

82

(6)

Late Medieval Theology and the Origins of Reformed Theology

88

(15)

Late Medieval Theology and the Origins of Lutheran Theology

103

(14)

Part 2: Sources and Methods

117

(65)

4 Scripture: Translation, Text, and Tradition

119

(29)

The Medieval Consensus on the Theological Priority of Scripture

120

(1)

The Vulgate Translation of the Bible

121

(4)

The Humanist Return Ad Fontes

125

(5)

The Critique of the Vulgate

130

(7)

The Concept of Tradition

137

(7)

The Principle Sola Scripture

144

(4)

5 The Interpretation of Scripture

148

(19)

Scholasticism: The Fourfold Sense of Scripture

148

(2)

Humanism: The Letter and the Spirit

150

(3)

Hermeneutics and the Origins of the Reformed Church

153

(6)

Hermeneutics and the Origins of the Lutheran Church

159

(8)

6 The Patristic Testimony

167

(15)

The Scholastic Reception of Augustine

168

(5)

The Humanist Reception of Augustine

173

(1)

The Patristic Testimony and the Origins of the Reformed Church

174

(2)

The Patristic Testimony and the Origins of the Lathered Church

176

(6)

Conclusion: The Intellectual Heterogeneity of the Early Reformation

182

(8)

Notes

190

(64)

Select Bibliography

254

(19)

Index

273

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The Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials