Interaction Design: Beyond Human-computer Interaction

This text offers a cross-disciplinary, practical and process-oriented introduction to the field, showing not just what principles ought to apply to interaction design, but crucially how they can be applied.

An accompanying website contains extensive additional teaching and learning material including slides for each chapter, comments on chapter activities and a number of in-depth case studies written by researchers and designers.

Jennifer Preece is Professor and Dean in the College of Information Studies, Maryland's iSchool – at the University of Maryland.

Yvonne Rogers is the Director of the Interaction Center at University College London as well as a Professor of Interaction Design.

Helen Sharp is Professor of Software Engineering and Associate Dean at the Open University.

What’s Inside ix

1 WHAT IS INTERACTION DESIGN? 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Good and Poor Design 2

1.3 What Is Interaction Design? 8

1.4 The User Experience 12

1.5 The Process of Interaction Design 15

1.6 Interaction Design and the User Experience 19

Interview with Harry Brignull 34

2 UNDERSTANDING AND CONCEPTUALIZING INTERACTION 36

2.1 Introduction 36

2.2 Understanding the Problem Space and Conceptualizing Interaction 37

2.3 Conceptual Models 41

2.4 Interface Metaphors 45

2.5 Interaction Types 47

2.6 Paradigms, Visions, Theories, Models, and Frameworks 54

Interview with Kees Dorst 62

3 COGNITIVE ASPECTS 65

3.1 Introduction 65

3.2 What Is Cognition? 66

3.3 Cognitive Frameworks 85

4 SOCIAL INTERACTION 100

4.1 Introduction 100

4.2 Being Social 101

4.3 Face-to-Face Conversations 102

4.4 Remote Conversations 106

4.5 Telepresence 111

4.6 Co-presence 118

5 EMOTIONAL INTERACTION 131

5.1 Introduction 131

5.2 Emotions and the User Experience 132

5.3 Expressive Interfaces 138

5.4 Annoying Interfaces 140

5.5 Detecting Emotions and Emotional Technology 143

5.6 Persuasive Technologies and Behavioral Change 146

5.7 Anthropomorphism and Zoomorphism 152

6 INTERFACES 158

6.1 Introduction 158

6.2 Interface Types 159

6.3 Natural User Interfaces and Beyond 219

6.4 Which Interface? 221

Interview with Leah Beuchley 224

7 DATA GATHERING 226

7.1 Introduction 226

7.2 Five Key Issues 227

7.3 Data Recording 231

7.4 Interviews 233

7.5 Questionnaires 244

7.6 Observation 252

7.7 Choosing and Combining Techniques 269

8 DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION, AND PRESENTATION 275

8.1 Introduction 275

8.2 Qualitative and Quantitative 276

8.3 Simple Quantitative Analysis 279

8.4 Simple Qualitative Analysis 291

8.5 Tools to Support Data Analysis 300

8.6 Using Theoretical Frameworks 303

8.7 Presenting the Findings 314

9 THE PROCESS OF INTERACTION DESIGN 319

9.1 Introduction 319

9.2 What Is Involved in Interaction Design? 320

9.3 Some Practical Issues 333

Interview with Ellen Gottesdiener 346

10 ESTABLISHING REQUIREMENTS 350

10.1 Introduction 350

10.2 What, How, and Why? 351

10.3 What Are Requirements? 353

10.4 Data Gathering for Requirements 361

10.5 Data Analysis, Interpretation, and Presentation 368

10.6 Task Description 370

10.7 Task Analysis 380

11 DESIGN, PROTOTYPING, AND CONSTRUCTION 385

11.1 Introduction 385

11.2 Prototyping 386

11.3 Conceptual Design 397

11.4 Concrete Design 406

11.5 Using Scenarios 409

11.6 Generating Prototypes 409

11.7 Construction 420

Interview with the late Gary Marsden 429

12 INTERACTION DESIGN IN PRACTICE 432

12.1 Introduction 432

12.2 AgileUX 433

12.3 Design Patterns 443

12.4 Open Source Resources 447

12.5 Tools for Interaction Design 448

13 INTRODUCING EVALUATION 452

13.1 Introduction 452

13.2 The Why, What, Where, and When of Evaluation 453

13.3 Types of Evaluation 456

13.4 Evaluation Case Studies 462

13.5 What Did We Learn from the Case Studies? 467

13.6 Other Issues to Consider when Doing Evaluation 469

14 EVALUATION STUDIES: FROM CONTROLLED TO NATURAL SETTINGS 474

14.1 Introduction 474

14.2 Usability Testing 474

14.3 Conducting Experiments 484

14.4 Field Studies 488

Interview with danah boyd 498

15 EVALUATION: INSPECTIONS, ANALYTICS, AND MODELS 500

15.1 Introduction 500

15.2 Inspections: Heuristic Evaluation and Walkthroughs 500

15.3 Analytics 514

15.4 Predictive Models 518

References 523

Index 553

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