- ISBN: 9780471506348 | 0471506346
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 7/1/1993
International Accounting and International Business | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The International Development of the Accounting Discipline | p. 2 |
National Differences in Accounting Systems | p. 5 |
The Evolution and Significance of International Business | p. 6 |
Forms of International Involvement | p. 9 |
Environmental Influences on Accounting | p. 15 |
Major Development Factors | p. 18 |
Accountability and Multinational Enterprises | p. 24 |
Accounting Aspects of International Business | p. 25 |
The Field of International Accounting | p. 26 |
Summary | p. 29 |
International Accounting Patterns, Culture and Development | p. 34 |
Introduction | p. 34 |
Purposes of International Classification | p. 35 |
Classification of Accounting and Reporting Systems | p. 35 |
Cultural Influences on Accounting Systems | p. 41 |
Culture, Societal Values, and Accounting | p. 42 |
International Pressures for Accounting Change | p. 52 |
Summary | p. 54 |
Comparative International Financial Accounting I | p. 60 |
Introduction | p. 60 |
Anglo-American Accounting | p. 62 |
Nordic Accounting | p. 65 |
Germanic Accounting | p. 67 |
Latin Accounting | p. 70 |
Asian Accounting | p. 72 |
Summary | p. 74 |
Comparative International Financial Accounting II | p. 79 |
Introduction | p. 79 |
Anglo-American Accounting | p. 82 |
Latin Accounting | p. 83 |
Asian Accounting | p. 85 |
Eastern European Accounting | p. 88 |
Summary | p. 91 |
International Financial Statement Analysis | p. 95 |
Introduction | p. 95 |
International Accounting Differences and Financial Statement Analysis | p. 96 |
Major Differences in Accounting Principles Around the World | p. 99 |
The Impact of U.S.-U.K. Accounting Differences: A Quantitative Analysis | p. 103 |
A Global Perspective on Earnings Measurement | p. 106 |
A Comparative Global Analysis | p. 108 |
International Accounting Differences and the Stock Market | p. 109 |
Factors Influencing Measurement Differences | p. 109 |
Global Accounting Convergence | p. 110 |
Summary | p. 110 |
International Transparency and Disclosure | p. 124 |
Introduction | p. 124 |
The Meaning of Transparency | p. 125 |
Disclosure in Corporate Reports | p. 126 |
International Disclosure Regulation | p. 135 |
Corporate Reporting Trends | p. 139 |
Corporate Review Information | p. 139 |
Operations Review | p. 143 |
Financial Review | p. 144 |
Frequency and Timeliness of Reporting | p. 145 |
Growing Pressures for Transparency | p. 145 |
Summary | p. 145 |
International Accounting Standards and Global Convergence | p. 151 |
Introduction | p. 151 |
Governments | p. 153 |
Trade Unions and Employees | p. 167 |
Investors | p. 169 |
Bankers and Lenders | p. 171 |
Accountants and Auditors | p. 171 |
The International Harmonization and Disclosure Debate | p. 182 |
Summary | p. 183 |
International Business Combinations, Goodwill, and Intangibles | p. 189 |
Introduction | p. 190 |
Consolidated Financial Statements | p. 190 |
Funds and Cash Flow Statements | p. 197 |
Joint Venture Accounting | p. 199 |
Goodwill and Intangibles | p. 200 |
Goodwill | p. 202 |
Brands, Trademarks, Patents, and Related Intangibles | p. 209 |
Research and Development | p. 213 |
Summary | p. 216 |
International Segment Reporting | p. 223 |
Introduction | p. 223 |
Users and Uses of Segment Information | p. 224 |
The Benefits of Segment Reporting | p. 225 |
The Costs of Segment Reporting | p. 226 |
International Financial Reporting Standards | p. 227 |
Regulations Around the World | p. 228 |
Segment Reporting Problems | p. 231 |
The Dual-Yardstick Proposal | p. 234 |
Summary | p. 241 |
Accounting for Foreign Currency | p. 246 |
Introduction | p. 246 |
Basics In Foreign Exchange | p. 247 |
Foreign Currency Transactions | p. 250 |
Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements | p. 254 |
Translation Methodologies: An Overview | p. 255 |
International Accounting Standards | p. 257 |
Historical Development in the United States | p. 257 |
Convergence | p. 274 |
Summary | p. 274 |
International Accounting for Price Changes | p. 284 |
Introduction | p. 284 |
Impact of Inflation on the Corporation | p. 285 |
Accounting Measurement Alternatives | p. 286 |
International Financial Reporting Standards | p. 289 |
Comparative National Regulation and Practice | p. 291 |
Problems and Prospects | p. 298 |
Summary | p. 299 |
Corporate Governance and Control of Global Operations | p. 303 |
Introduction | p. 303 |
Global Strategic Issues | p. 304 |
Informal and Subtle Mechanisms | p. 308 |
Organizational Structure | p. 308 |
Corporate Governance | p. 313 |
International Importance of Governance | p. 316 |
Studies on International Corporate Governance Practices | p. 317 |
Cross National Differences in Corporate Governance | p. 322 |
Internal Controls | p. 326 |
The Role of Information Technology in MNEs | p. 328 |
Firm Strategy, Structure, and the Accounting Function | p. 332 |
Summary | p. 334 |
Managing Foreign Exchange Exposure | p. 342 |
Introduction | p. 342 |
Foreign Exchange | p. 343 |
Types of Hedging Exposure | p. 353 |
Hedging Strategies | p. 356 |
Accounting for Foreign Currency Derivatives | p. 360 |
Use of Derivatives to Hedge a Net Investment | p. 369 |
Disclosure of Derivative Financial Instruments | p. 369 |
Summary | p. 371 |
International Budgeting and Performance Evaluation | p. 380 |
Introduction | p. 380 |
The Strategic Control Process | p. 381 |
Empirical Studies of Differences in Management Accounting and Control Practices Across Nations | p. 382 |
Challenges of Control in the Global Firm | p. 390 |
Intracorporate Transfer Pricing | p. 397 |
Performance Evaluation Issues | p. 403 |
Economic Value Added | p. 405 |
The Balanced Scorecard | p. 407 |
Summary | p. 409 |
International Auditing Issues | p. 420 |
Introduction | p. 420 |
The Accounting and Auditing Profession | p. 421 |
Global Audit Services and the International Auditing Challenge | p. 422 |
Audit Challenges: Local Business Practices and Customs | p. 424 |
Audit Challenges: Currency, Language, and Law | p. 425 |
Audit Challenges: Distance and Organization for Providing Audit Services | p. 425 |
Audit Challenges: Audit Impediments from International Diversity, Availability, and Training of Auditors | p. 427 |
Global Accounting Firms | p. 430 |
Audit Standards | p. 434 |
Summary | p. 455 |
International Taxation Issues | p. 464 |
Introduction | p. 464 |
Direct Taxes | p. 465 |
Indirect Taxes | p. 468 |
The Avoidance of Double Taxation of Foreign Source Income | p. 469 |
U.S. Taxation of Foreign Source Income | p. 471 |
Tax Effects of Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses | p. 475 |
Tax Incentives | p. 477 |
Tax Dimensions of Expatriates | p. 478 |
Intracorporate Transfer Pricing | p. 479 |
Tax Planning in the International Environment | p. 482 |
Summary | p. 483 |
Name and Company Index | p. 489 |
Subject Index | p. 493 |
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