INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Using a three-part framework of Ideas, Arguments, and Contexts and Applications, International Relations, Third Edition, shows students how to think critically about issues and current events in world politics. Each chapter first describes key concepts and developments in the field (Ideas), then presents the main theoretical and analytical approaches (Arguments), and finally applies the main theories and approaches within the individual, state, and global contexts (Contexts and Applications). In additional to historical information woven throughout the text, the book also includes a new separate chapter on history (Chapter 2) that summarizes key events and includes an illustrated timeline. A new Chapter 11 focuses on the future of International Relations and Chapter 8 has been updated and expanded to cover non-state threats and international security. Theory is now covered in two chapters--one focused on classical theories (realism and liberalism)--and the other on contemporary theories and perspectives (constructivism, Marxism, feminism, rational choice). Visual Reviews at the end of each chapter not only recap key points but include Critical Thinking questions that reflect the chapter learning objectives.

Eric Shiraev is Professor and Head of CARP (Character Assassination and Reputation Politics Research Lab) at George Mason University.

Vladislav Zubok is Professor of History at the London School of Economics.

Preface
Maps of the World

PART I. STUDYING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chapter 1. Introducing International Relations
1.1 Key Concepts in International Relations
Facets of IR: Security, Law, and Political Economy
States and Sovereignty
History Lab: Alsace-Lorraine
Nations and Nation-States
Globalization and Anti-globalization
1.2 Key Actors in International Relations
State Government and Foreign Policy
Intergovernmental Organizations
Nongovernmental Organizations
1.3 Facing Global Challenges
Violence, War, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Environmental Problems
Poverty
Basic Rights Violations
Overpopulation and Migration
A Path to Peace and Economic Improvement
1.4 Studying International Relations
Gathering Information
History Lab: Facts and Lies: The Katyn Massacre
Debate: The Corruption Perceptions Index
Analyzing Information
The Importance of Theory and Its Applications
Content Analysis
Applications at Three Levels of Analysis
Thinking Critically
Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
Looking for Multiple Causes
Being Aware of Bias
Case Study: Can Democracy Be "Exported"?
Chapter 1 Review

Chapter 2. The Evolution of International Relations
2.1 The Origins of the Modern International System
The Peace of Westphalia
Military Growth and the Rise of Capitalism
2.2 Revolution, Industrialization, and Conquest in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Revolutionary Thinking
The Concert of Europe
Industrialization
Imperialism and Colonialism
The Rise of Nationalism
A New Global System in the Age of Imperialism
2.3 The Great War and the Flawed Peace
The Collapse of Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary
The League of Nations and the Interwar Years
2.4 The Second World War
The Rise of Fascism
The Aftermath of Economic Crises
The Return to Militarism
A World Again at War
Turning the Tide
History Lab: The United Nations Security Council
The End of World War II
2.5 The Cold War
The Origins of the Cold War
The Cold War as a Series of Confrontations
How the Cold War Shaped Decolonization
The Rise and Fall of Détente
Cold War in Asia
Globalization and the Cold War
The End of the Cold War
2.6 The Post-Cold War Era
Changing Transnational Trends
The Twenty-First Century
CASE STUDY: The What-Ifs of History
Chapter 2 Review

Chapter 3. Realism and Liberalism
3.1 Realism
The Roots of Realism
The Rise and Influence of Realpolitik
Neorealism
3.2 Realist Arguments
Power Distribution
Sovereignty in Realist Thinking
The Security Dilemma
Debate: Will the Global Power Struggle Ever End?
Offensive Realism and Defensive Realism
Non-military Responses in Realism
3.3 Liberalism
The Roots of Liberalism
Debate: Are Humans Inherently Selfish and Violent?
Neoliberalism
3.4 Liberal Arguments
Democratic Peace Theory
Soft Power
Unilateralism and Multilateralism
3.5 Comparing Realism and Liberalism
3.6 Critical Applications of Realism and Liberalism
Realism Applied
History Lab: NATO
Liberalism Applied
Case Study: The European Union as a Liberal Empire
Chapter 3 Review

Chapter 4. Alternative Views
4.1 Why Alternative Interpretations?
4.2 Constructivism
Socially Constructed Meanings
Three Types of International Environments
Historical Lessons
4.3 Marxism, Postcolonial Studies, and Feminism
Marxism (and Leninism)
Neo-Marxism and Dependency Theory
Postcolonial Studies
Feminism
4.4 Political Culture and Identity Factors
Political Culture
Identity Factors
Debate Who Are Patriots and Nationalists?
4.5 Political Psychology
Rational Decision-Making
Biased Decision-Making
Life Experiences
4.6 Critical Applications of Alternative Views
Alternative Views at the Individual Level
Alternative Views at the State Level
Alternative Views at the Global Level
CASE STUDY: The Cuban Missile Crisis
Chapter 4 Review

PART II. THREE FACETS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chapter 5. International Security
5.1 Security Principles
National and International Security
Conflict and War
Types of War
History Lab: War in Angola
5.2 Security Policies
Unilateral versus Multilateral Foreign Policy
Isolationism
Interventionism
Cooperation
5.3 Realist, Liberal, and Alternative Approaches to Security
Realist Approaches to Security
Liberal Approaches to Security
Alternative Approaches to Security
5.4 Critical Applications of Security Strategies
Individual Decisions
State Policies
Global Factors
CASE STUDY: Ending the Cold War
Chapter 5 Review

Chapter 6. International Law and International Organizations
6.1 International Law and the Role of IGOs
Principles of International Law
Sources of International Law
6.2 Development of International Law
Laws of the Sea
Laws of War
Humanitarian Issues
Human Rights
Early International Legal Institutions
From the League of Nations to the United Nations
6.3 Approaches to International Law
The Realist View of International Law
The Liberal View of International Law
Alternative Views of International Law
6.4 Applications of International Law
Individual Choices
State Policies
Global Factors
Case Study: War Crimes, Genocide, and the Legacy of Nuremberg
Chapter 6 Review

Chapter 7. International Political Economy and Development
7.1 Elements of International Political Economy
Production and Consumption
Finances
Financial Globalization
Trade
Debate: Global Interdependence, Prices, and Jobs
Economic Development
Main Economic Actors
7.2 Principles of Mercantilism
Protectionism
Economic Sanctions
Autarky
7.3 Economic Liberalism and the Formation of IPE
Keynesian Economics
Economic Liberalism: The Origins
Debate: National Pride and Foreign Ownership
International Economic Organizations
Regional Trade Agreements
7.4 Constructivism and IPE
Nationalism and Economic Politics
Economic Climate
7.5 Marxism and Conflict Theories: Radical Criticisms of IPE
Marxist Views
Economic Dependency
7.6 Critical Applications
Individual Decisions
History Lab: Discoveries and Innovation
State Policies
The Global Level
Case Study: China and Liberal Globalization
Chapter 7 Review

PART III. TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY CHALLENGES

Chapter 8. Terrorism and Evolving Security Challenges
8.1 Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Defining Terrorism
History Lab: Misuse of the Terrorism Label
How Terrorism Works
Terrorism: In the Name of What?
Debate: Do Violent Groups Change?
Cyberwarfare and the Threat of Cyberterrorism
Artificial Intelligence and Warfare
8.2 Traditional Views of Evolving Security Threats
Realism
Liberalism
8.3 Alternative Views of Evolving Security Threats
Constructivism
History Lab: Northern Ireland
Debate: On Moral Relativism and Terrorism
Marxism and Conflict Theories
8.4 Contexts and Applications
The Individual Context
The State Context
The Global Context
Case Study: From Al-Qaeda to the Islamic State
Chapter 8 Review

Chapter 9. Environmental Issues
9.1 Environmental Problems, Disasters, and Policies
History Lab A Disappearing Sea
Environmental Problems
Disasters and Accidents
Environmental Policies Today
9.2 Approaches to Environmental Issues
Realist Approaches to the Environment
Liberal Approaches to the Environment
Values and Interests> Alternative and Critical Views
9.3 Environmental Issues at Three Levels of Analysis
The Individual Level
Debate Alarming and Skeptical Voices
The State Level
The Global Level
Case Study: A Greenpeace Story
Chapter 9 Review

Chapter 10. Humanitarian Concerns
10.1 Humanitarian Challenges
Types of Humanitarian Challenges
History Lab: Rwanda: A Massacre as the World Watched
Causes of Humanitarian Crises
10.2 Humanitarian Policies
Humanitarian Intervention
Relief Efforts
Crisis Prevention
Population and Migration Policies
Debate: Regulating Migration
10.3 Traditional Humanitarian Policies
Realist Humanitarian Policies
Liberal Humanitarian Policies
Debate: The UN Global Compact
10.4 Alternative Views of Humanitarian Policies
10.5 Critical Applications
Individual Decisions
State Policies
The Global Context
Case Study: Celebrities in Action
Chapter 10 Review