International Review of Neurobiology

Volume 42 presents an in-depth review on Alzheimer's Disease as well as a look at several transcription factors. Key Features * Clinical features of stroke and the current stasis of stroke therapy * Alzheimers Disease--pathology, pathological proteins, etiology, pathogenesis, neurotransmitter alterations, and treatment strategies * An examination of the regulation of AP-1 and related transcription factors and their role in brain injury and drug abuse-related behavior * Emerging roles of the transcription factor NF(B * Recent advances about the nature of alterations in ion channel structure or function which may be responsible for epileptogenesis * An integrated model accounting for the multiple mechanisms involved in the posttranslational regulation of glutamate ionotroic receptors * Genetic mutation and the Glycine Receptor

CONTRIBUTORS

ix

Alzheimer Disease

1

(55)

MARK A. SMITH

I. The Disease and Diagnosis

1

(2)

II. Pathology

3

(13)

III. Pathological Proteins

16

(9)

IV. Etiology

25

(7)

V. Pathogenesis

32

(5)

VI. Neurotransmitter Alterations

37

(1)

VII. Treatment Strategies

38

(1)

VIII. Future Developments and Research Avenues

39

(1)

References

40

(16)

Neurobiology of Stroke

56

(47)

W. DALTON DIETRICH

I. Introduction

56

(1)

II. Classification of Strokes

56

(1)

III. Incidence and Risk Factors

57

(2)

IV. Stroke Prevention

59

(1)

V. Animal Models of Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke

60

(8)

VI. Factors Regulating Ischemic Outcome

68

(3)

VII. Pathophysiology of Ischemic Neuronal Damage

71

(5)

VIII. Neuroprotection

76

(5)

IX. Clinical Trials of Stroke

81

(4)

X. Conclusions and Future Directions

85

(1)

References

86

(17)

Free Radicals, Calcium, and the Synaptic Plasticity-Cell Death Continuum: Emerging Roles of the Transcription Factor NF (k)B

103

(66)

MARK P. MATTSON

I. Introduction

103

(6)

II. Roles of Calcium and Free Radicals in Signaling at Growth Cones and Synapses

109

(20)

III. Emerging Roles of NF (k)B in Neuronal Plasticity

129

(3)

IV. Roles of Calcium and Free Radicals in Synaptic Degeneration and Cell Death

132

(12)

V. Programmed Cell Life and the Evolution of Calcium and Free Radical Signaling at Growth Cones and Synapses

144

(11)

VI. Emerging Roles of NF (k)B in Cytoprotection and Apoptosis

155

(4)

VII. Conclusions

159

(2)

References

161

(8)

AP-1 Transcription Factors: Short- and Long-Term Modulators of Gene Expression in the Brain

169

(30)

KEITH PENNYPACKER

I. Introduction

169

(2)

II. AP-1 and Related Proteins

171

(2)

III. Regulation

173

(10)

IV. Neurodegeneration

183

(4)

V. Drug Abuse

187

(4)

VI. Conclusions: AP-1 Proteins as Pharmacological Targets

191

(1)

References

192

(7)

Ion Channels in Epilepsy

199

(28)

ISTVAN MODY

I. Introduction

199

(1)

II. Plasticity of Ion Channels and Experimental Models of Epilepsy

200

(2)

III. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

202

(11)

IV. Voltage-Gated Ion Channels

213

(3)

V. Summary and Conclusions

216

(1)

References

217

(10)

Posttranslational Regulation of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity

227

(58)

XIAONING BI

STEVE STANDLEY

MICHEL BAUDRY

I. Introduction

227

(4)

II. Characterization of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors

231

(11)

III. Regulation of Glutamate Receptors by Phosphorylation

242

(4)

IV. Regulation of Glutamate Receptor Properties by Calpains

246

(2)

V. Regulation of AMPA Receptors by Phospholipases and Phospholipids

248

(2)

VI. Targeting and Anchoring of Glutamate Receptors

250

(6)

VII. Turnover of Glutamate Receptors

256

(5)

VIII. Links between Glutamate Receptor Regulation and Synaptic Plasticity

261

(8)

IX. Concluding Remarks

269

(1)

References

270

(15)

Heritable Mutations in the Glycine, GABA(A), and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Provide New Insights into the Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor Superfamily

285

(48)

BEHNAZ VAFA

PETER R. SCHOFIELD

I. Introduction

285

(2)

II. The Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor Superfamily

287

(4)

III. The Four-Loop Model of Ligand Binding

291

(8)

IV. The Ion Channel

299

(7)

V. Heritable Defects of LGIC Receptors

306

(19)

VI. Future Directions

325

(2)

References

327

(6)

INDEX

333

(8)

CONTENTS OF RECENT VOLUMES

341

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International Review of Neurobiology

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