Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics

Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics offers a comprehensive approach to equine laboratory diagnostics, including hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, body fluid analysis, microbiology, clinical parasitology, endocrinology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics.

• Offers a practical resource for the accurate interpretation of laboratory results, with examples showing real-world applications
• Covers hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, body fluid analysis, microbiology, clinical parasitology, endocrinology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics
• Introduces the underlying principles of laboratory diagnostics
• Provides clinically oriented guidance on performing and interpreting laboratory tests
• Presents a complete reference to established and new diagnostic procedures

The editors
Nicola Pusterla, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM, is Professor of Equine Internal Medicine in the Department of Medicine and Epidemiology at the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California, USA.

Jill Higgins, DVM, is a Private Equine Practitioner/Consultant at Equine Consulting Services in Penryn, California, USA.

Contributors ix

Preface xiii

1 Veterinary Diagnostic Testing 1
Linda Mittel

2 Basic Techniques and Procedures 13
Emir Hodzic

3 Point�]of�]Care Testing 23
C. Langdon Fielding

4 Test Performance 27
Christian M. Leutenegger

5 Enzymes 33
Leslie Sharkey

6 Kidney Function Tests 39
Leslie Sharkey

7 Carbohydrates 45
Leslie Sharkey

8 Lipids 49
M. Judith Radin

9 Blood Gases 57
Alonso Guedes

10 Electrolytes 67
Krista E. Estell

11 Miscellaneous Solutes 75
Leslie Sharkey

12 Cardiac Troponin 81
Anita Varga

13 Vitamin and Mineral Assessment 85
Carrie J. Finno

14 Toxicologic Diagnostics 99
Robert H. Poppenga

15 Therapeutic Drug Monitorings 109
K. Gary Magdesian

16 Red Blood Cells 113
Jed Overmann

17 Leukocytes 119
Jed Overmann

18 Platelets 127
Jed Overmann

19 Blood Proteins and Acute Phase Proteins 133
Jed Overmann

20 Clotting Times (aPTT and PT) 139
SallyAnne L. Ness and Marjory B. Brooks

21 Antithrombin 141
SallyAnne L. Ness and Marjory B. Brooks

22 Fibrin and Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDPs) 143
SallyAnne L. Ness and Marjory B. Brooks

23 Coagulation Factors 145
SallyAnne L. Ness and Marjory B. Brooks

24 Equine Infectious Anemia Virus 147
Sandra D. Taylor

25 Equine Influenza Virus 151
Beate Crossley and Ashley Hill

26 Alpha�]Herpesviruses (EHV�]1, EHV�]4) 153
Beate Crossley and Ashley Hill

27 Equine Rhinitis Viruses (ERAV, ERBV) 155
Beate Crossley and Ashley Hill

28 Interpretation of Testing for Common Mosquito Transmitted Diseases: West Nile Virus and Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis 157
Maureen T. Long and Kelli L. Barr

29 Streptococcus equi ss equi 165
Ashley G. Boyle

30 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 171
Sharon J. Spier and Jennifer Jeske

31 Neorickettisa risticii 177
Sandra D. Taylor

32 Anaplasma phagocytophilum 181
Janet Foley and Nicole Stephenson

33 Lawsonia intracellularis 185
Connie J. Gebhart

34 Borrelia burgdorferi 191
Amy L. Johnson and Bettina Wagner

35 Clostridium difficile 197
K. Gary Magdesian

36 Leptospira spp. 203
Janet Foley and Mary H. Straub

37 Fungal Pathogens 209
Jill Higgins and Nicola Pusterla

38 Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi 215
Amy L. Johnson

39 Babesia caballi and Theileria equi 221
Angela Pelzel�]McCluskey and Josie Traub�]Dargatz

40 Assessment of Vaccination Status and Susceptibility to Infection 227
W. David Wilson

41 Immune�]Mediated Hemolytic Anemia 243
Julia B. Felippe

42 Equine Neonatal Isoerythrolysis 251
Julia B. Felippe

43 Immune�]Mediated Thrombocytopenia 257
Julia B. Felippe

44 Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia 263
Julia B. Felippe

45 Cellular Immunity 267
Julia B. Felippe

46 Immunoglobulins 273
Julia B. Felippe

47 Equine Blood Groups and Factors 283
K. Gary Magdesian

48 Bacteriology and Mycology Testing 287
Joshua B. Daniels and Barbara A. Byrne

49 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 297
K. Gary Magdesian

50 Parasite Control Strategies 301
Wendy Vaala and Robin Houston

51 Molecular Diagnostics for Infectious Pathogens 321
Nicola Pusterla and Christian M. Leutenegger

52 Equine Genetic Testing 335
Carrie J. Finno

53 Genetic Tests for Equine Coat Color 349
M. Cecilia T. Penedo

54 Peritoneal Fluid 357
Jorge Nieto

55 Respiratory Secretions 363
Melissa Mazan

56 Pleural Fluid 379
Melissa Mazan

57 Urine Analysis 383
Leslie Sharkey

58 Synovial Fluid 387
Jorge Nieto and Jan Trela

59 Cerebrospinal Fluid 393
Monica Aleman

60 Laboratory Testing for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 401
Nicholas Frank

61 Endocrine Testing for Reproductive Conditions in Horses 409
Alan Conley and Barry Ball

62 Foaling Predictor Tests 419
Ghislaine A. Dujovne and Camilla. J. Scott

Index 423

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