Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics

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ISBN: 9780849319389 | 0849319382
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A complete source of ergonomic knowledge relevant to the management of health, safety, and productivity, Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics helps you improve your understanding of the complex interactions between people, work, and systems, which must be considered in the context of rapidly changing technology and evolving social needs.

I. Ergonomics Processes

Elements of the Ergonomic Process

(1)

Asa Kilbom

Nils F. Petersson

Introduction

(1)

Organization of the Process

(2)

Identifying the Problem

(1)

Analyzing the Problem

(1)

Developing a Solution

(1)

Implementing the Solution

(1)

Evaluating the Result

(1)

Using the Results and Experiences for the Next Process

Success Factors for Industrial Ergonomics Programs

(1)

David C. Alexander

Gary B. Orr

Introduction

(1)

Discussion of Success Factors

(11)

Emphasize Business Objectives

Avoid Too Many Low-Value/High-Cost Solutions

Ensure That Ergonomics Projects Are Evaluated Quantitatively

Maintain a Tabulation of the Cost of Projects

Use Resources Efficiently (The Self-Help/Skilled-Help/Expert-Help Strategy)

Identify and Overcome Barriers

Training Should Be Supported by Suitable Infrastructure

Avoid Using ``Ergo-Babble''

Clearly Define the Purpose of Your Ergonomics Program

Plan the Stages of the Ergonomics Culture Change

Create a Strategic Plan

Understand the Difference between an Ergonomics Program and the Practice of Ergonomics

Create a Tactical Plan

Ensure That There is Regular Quantitative Evaluations of the Overall Ergonomics Program

Do Not Wait for Top Management to Push the Program Down

Maintain Political Support

Conclusion

Practical Interventions in Industry Using Participatory Approaches

(1)

Barbara Silverstein

Peregrin Spielholz

Ernesto Carcamo

Work Teams

(7)

Labor--Management Committees

(4)

Direct Worker Involvement

(1)

Industry-Wide Focus Groups

(2)

Worker Consultation

(4)

Summary

OSHA Recordkeeping

(1)

David J. Cochran

Subpart A --- Purpose

(1)

Subpart B --- Scope

(1)

Subpart C --- Forms and Recording Criteria

(5)

1904.4 Recording Criteria

1904.5 Work-Relatedness

1904.6 New Case

1904.7 General Recording Criteria

1904.8 Needlesticks and Sharps

1904.9 Medical Removal

1904.10 Hearing Loss

1904.11 Tuberculosis

1904.29 Forms

Injury and Illness Incidence Rates

(1)

Privacy Protection

(1)

Multiple Business Establishments

(1)

Covered Employees

(1)

Reporting a Fatality or Catastrophe

(1)

Musculoskeletal Disorders

(1)

Assistance

Psychosocial Work Factors

(1)

Pascale Carayon

Soo-Yee Lim

Introduction

(1)

Definitions

(1)

Examples of Psychosocial Work Factors

(1)

Occupational Ergonomics and Psychosocial Work Factors

(2)

Measurement of Psychosocial Work Factors

(1)

Managing and Controlling Psychosocial Work Factors

(1)

Conclusion

II. Surveillance

Injury Surveillance Database Systems

(1)

Carol Stuart-Buttle

Introduction

(1)

Injury Surveillance

(2)

History

Goals and Objectives

Sources of Primary Injury Surveillance Data

(3)

Injury Data

Job Descriptions

Worker Tracking

Benefits of an Injury Surveillance Database System

(1)

Integration of Database Systems

Ergonomics and Injury Surveillance

(2)

Ergonomics Process

Ergonomics Module of a Database System

Early Databases

(1)

Challenges That Were Met

Defining the Database Model

(4)

Designing the System and Defining Components

Company Size

Onsite or Offsite Medical and Surveillance Services

Types of Database Models

Confidentiality

Data Entry

Commercial Software

Statistical Treatment of Data

(3)

Report Generation

Choosing a Commercial Injury Surveillance Database

(1)

Summary

Corporate Health Management: Designing and Evaluating Health in Organizations

(1)

Klaus J. Zink

Martin J. Thul

Health in Organizations

(6)

The Changing Understanding of Health

Approaches for Improving Health in Organizations

Necessity for Integration

Strategies of Integration --- Necessity for a Corporate Health Management System

(4)

Goals of a Corporate Health Management System

Management in the Context of Health

Fields of Action within Corporate Health Management

Integrating Health Management in Management Systems

(6)

Integrating OHS and Health Promotion into a CHM

Integrating OHS and Health Promotion in Respective Management Systems

Summary of Different Approaches to Integrate Health and Safety or Health Promotion

Evaluation of Corporate Health Management Systems

(10)

The Evaluation Problem in the Corporate Health Management System

The Need for an Adequate Evaluation Approach

Assessment Approaches to Evaluate CHMS

Some Empirical Results

(4)

Implementation of a Corporate Health Management System

(4)

Basic Organizational Structures

Design of the Implementation Process

Strategic Alignment

Summary and Outlook

III. Industrial Process Applications

Ergonomics Process in Small Industry

(1)

Carol Stuart-Buttle

Introduction

(1)

Definition of Small Business

(1)

Characteristics of Small Industry

(1)

Reasons to Implement an Ergonomics Process

(4)

Competitiveness

Workers' Compensation Costs

Compliance

Elements of the Ergonomics Process

(11)

Choosing the Ergonomics Approach

Process Elements

Summary

An Ergonomics Process: A Large Industry Perspective

(1)

Bradley S. Joseph

Susan Evans

Introduction

(2)

Background

Chapter Organization

Statement of Need

Definition of Ergonomics

Organizational Issues in Developing a Comprehensive Ergonomics Process

(6)

Organizational Models --- Traditional and New

Ways to Effect Change in Industry

Concluding Statement on Needs of a Participative Program

Recommended Methods for Implementing a Plant Ergonomics Program

(7)

Setting Up and Implementing a Plant Ergonomics Program

Training Needs for a Plant Ergonomics Program

Recommended Methods of Data Collection

(7)

Proposed Methods of Data Collection

Data Collection for Medical

Data Collection for Outcomes of Ergonomics Projects that Benefit the Plant

Data Collection for Intervention Costs

Computers, Internets, and Ergonomic Communication

(5)

Introduction

Communication and Information Flows

Challenges to Effective Communication

Using Computers to Overcome Challenges

Lessons Learned

IV. Upstream Ergonomics

Digital Human Modeling for Computer-Aided Ergonomics

(1)

Xudong Zhang

Don B. Chaffin

Introduction

(1)

Digital Human Modeling Technology

(2)

Human Motion Modeling Research

(9)

A Review, a Taxonomy, and the Challenges

Human Motion Data Acquisition for Model Development and Validation

High-Fidelity Biomechanical Linkage Representation as the Basis for Modeling

Data-Supported Modeling Approaches to Achieving Physical Realism and Computational Efficiency

Future Challenges

(1)

Summary

Design for Ergonomics: Facilities Planning

(1)

Stephan Konz

Introduction

(1)

Manufacturing Workstations

(11)

Design of the Job

Relation among Workstations

Physical Design of the Workstation

Material Handling

(4)

Material Handling at the Workstation

Material Handling between Workstations

Aisles

Service Areas

(2)

Offices

Toilets

Food Service

Environments

Organizational Design and Macroergonomics

(1)

Brian M. Kleiner

Theoretical Foundations of Organizational Design

(1)

Structural Foundations of Organizational Design

(1)

Types of Organization

(2)

Functional Design

Product Design

Geographic Design

Matrix Design

Challenges in Organization Design

(2)

Paradox of Restructuring

Macroergonomics

Organizational Design Transfer to Ergonomics

V. Engineering Controls

Engineering Controls --- What Works and What Does Not

(1)

Christopher Hamrick

Introduction

(1)

MSD Risk Factors

(1)

MSD Controls

(1)

Evaluating Effectiveness of Controls

(1)

Results of Intervention Studies

(1)

Results of Ohio BWC ``Safety Grant'' Studies

(6)

Best Practices in Manufacturing --- Lifting Aids, Lift Assist Devices, and Transport Devices

Best Practices in Manufacturing --- Workstation Design

Best Practices in Manufacturing --- Automation

Best Practices in Manufacturing --- Semiautomation

Best Practices in Health Care --- Patient Lifting Devices

Best Practices in the Office --- Computer Workstation Design

Other Factors Influencing Effectiveness

(1)

Summary --- What Works

(1)

Need for Additional Intervention Studies

General Knowledge Regarding Engineering Controls

(1)

Richard W. Marklin

Introduction

(1)

Examples of Engineering Controls

Graphic Communications Industry

OSHA Ergonomics Guidelines

Furniture Manufacturing

Telecommunications Industry

Washington State Ergonomics Demonstration Projects

Electric Power Utilities

Design and Evaluation of Handtools

(1)

Robert G. Radwin

Introduction

(1)

Power Tool Triggers and Grip Force

(1)

Handle Size and Grip Force

(3)

Static Hand Force

(2)

Dynamic Reaction Force

(3)

Vibration

Low Back Disorders: General Solutions

(1)

Carol Stuart-Buttle

Introduction

(1)

Choosing the Right Solution

(1)

Objectives of Interventions

(1)

General Solutions

(16)

Lifting

Transporting

At the Workstation

Summary

Ergonomic Assist and Safety Equipment --- An Overview

(1)

Gene Buer

Introduction

(1)

Basic Types of Lift Assist Equipment and Systems

(8)

Industry Overview

List of Equipment Types and Typical Uses

Calibrating Expectations/Task and Process Assessment Considerations for Suitability and Impact of Lift Assists

(3)

Define, Refine and Streamline the Task and Sequence

Cycle Times and Throughput

Keeping It Lean

Measure and Evaluate the Ergonomic Impact

Ergonomic Motion Classifications

Gloves

(1)

R.R. Bishu

V. Gnaneswaran

A. Muralidhar

Importance of the Hand

(1)

Prehensile Capabilities of the Hand

(1)

Need for Protection of the Hand

(1)

Types of Gloves

(1)

Glove Effects on Strength

(3)

Grip Strength

Torque Strength

Pinch Strength

Endurance Time

Glove Effect on Dexterity

(2)

Glove Effect on Tactility

(1)

Glove Effect on Vibration

(1)

Glove Effect on Miscellaneous Performance

(1)

Liners

(1)

Glove Attributes

(1)

Challenges of Glove Design

(1)

Glove Evaluation Protocol

(1)

Glove Standards

(1)

Conclusion

Wrist and Arm Supports

(1)

Carolyn M. Sommerich

Introduction

(1)

Fundamentals

(2)

Joint and Soft Tissue Stress Reduction

Methods of Support

Influence of Support on Posture

Applications

(4)

Support during Specific Work Tasks

Summary

Lower Extremity Supports

(1)

Karen E.K. Lewis

Introduction

(1)

Biomechanical Risks for Lower Extremity Injuries

(1)

Prevention of Lower Extremity Injuries

(4)

Knee Supports

Ankle Supports

Foot Supports

Conclusion

VI. Administrative Controls

Administrative Controls as an Ergonomic Intervention

(1)

Joseph M. Deeh

Introduction

(1)

Definitions

(1)

Administrative Controls/Approaches

Training

Worker Selection

Worker Rotation

Overtime Management

Functional Capacity Assessment

Physical Ability Testing

Behavior-Based Safety

Worker Selection for Physically Demanding Jobs

(1)

Veikko Louhevaara

Juhani Smolander

Annina Ropponen

Introduction

(2)

Ergonomics and Fitting the Job to the Worker

Successful Job Placement

Scope of the Chapter

Validation Approaches in Worker Selection for Physically Demanding Jobs

(5)

Job Demands as a Basis for Worker Selection Procedures

New Taxonomic Approaches to Evaluate Physical Functioning

Validation Strategies

Assessment of the Prerequisites of Physical Work Ability

(1)

When Are the Assessments Needed?

Types of Assessment and Interpretation

Tests of Physical Work Ability

Selection of Safety Workers in Pre-Employment Screening

(7)

Firefighters

Paramedic Workers

Police Officers

Security Guards

Concluding Remarks

Physical Fitness and Work Ability

Reliability and Validity

Gender and Age

Training Lifting Techniques

(1)

Steven A. Lavender

Introduction

(2)

Why Traditional Training Programs Are Not Successful

(1)

What Is Needed to Make Training Programs Effective

(7)

The Techniques Taught Need to Be Both Biomechanically Valid and Useable

Lifting Needs to Be Thought of and Taught as a Complex Motor Skill

Objective Data Must Be Supplied to Validate the Methods Taught for Each Individual and to Determine Whether a Positive Behavioral Change Has Occurred

The Training Process is Incomplete without a Means to Maintain the Desired Behavior

Conclusions

Secondary Intervention for Low Back Pain

(1)

Stover H. Snook

Introduction

(1)

Nature of Nonspecific Low Back Pain

(1)

Age

Occupation

Genetics

Personal Behavior

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

(1)

Secondary Intervention

(6)

Risk Factors for Low Back Disability

Reducing Low Back Disability

Conclusions

Psychosocial Characteristics of Work as Targets for Change

(1)

Catherine A. Heaney

Kaori Fujishiro

Introduction

(1)

Psychosocial Work Characteristics and WMSDs

(3)

Implications for Preventive Intervention

(2)

General Intervention Principles

Identifying Specific Work Factors to Target

Intervention Research Agenda for the Prevention of WMSDs

(3)

Developmental Phase

Implementation Research

Effectiveness Studies

Conclusions

Assessment of Worker Functional Capacities

(1)

Glenda L. Key

Introduction

(1)

Worker Assessments

(6)

Definitions

Components

Standardization

Worker Assessment Principles

Assessment Reports

The Provider of Worker Assessments

(1)

Outcomes

(2)

JPA Outcomes

After the Assessment Results Are In

(1)

Diversification Options

(2)

Mobile Assessments

Mobile Occupational Health Clinic

Onsite Services

Conclusion

Physical Ability Testing for Employment Decision Purposes

(1)

Charles K. Anderson

Introduction

(1)

Implementation

(4)

Job Analysis

Test Battery Design

Validation

Ongoing Practices

(1)

Equal Treatment

Prior Experience

Summary

Human Resources Management

(1)

Thomas J. Slavin

Role of Human Resources

(1)

Human Resources Functions

(5)

Employee Selection, Placement, and Retention Functions

Diversity Function

Labor Relations Function Workers' Compensation Function

Disability Function

Compensation Function

Wellness and Absenteeism Function

Training and Development Function

Human Resources Vision

(1)

Total Productivity, An Integrated Approach

(1)

Valuing Human Assets

Workday Length and Shiftwork Issues

(1)

Peter Knauth

Introduction

(1)

Workday Length

(3)

Increased Fatigue, Drowsiness, or Sleepiness

Reduced Performance

Increased Accident Risk

Longer Toxic Exposure

Ergonomic Recommendations

Shiftwork Issues

Definition of Shiftwork

Disruptions of Physiological and Social Rhythms

Shiftwork-Related Problems

Back Belts

(1)

Stuart M. McGill

Introduction

(1)

Clinical Trials

(1)

Biomechanical Studies

(1)

Physiological Studies

(1)

Psychophysical Studies

(1)

What About Athletes Using Belts?

Back Belt Prescription

Job Rotation

(1)

David Rodrick

Waldemar Karwowski

Peter M. Quesada

Introduction

(1)

Job Rotation and Physical Tasks

(1)

Empirical Evidence of the Effect of Job Rotation on Physical Tasks

(1)

Job Rotation and Cognitive Tasks

(2)

Quantitative Methods to Determine Proper Job Rotation Scheme

(1)

A Generic Strategy for Implementing Job Rotation in Physical Tasks

(3)

Identification of Problem Jobs

Quantification of the Level of Risks

Determination of Jobs in the Job Rotation Scheme

Quantification of Job Sequence and Length of Rotation

Evaluation of the Job Rotation Scheme

Job Rotation and Manufacturing Systems

(1)

Job Rotation and Management

(1)

Job Rotation and Knowledge Management

(2)

Concluding Remarks

Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Disorders

(1)

Bradley Evanoff

David Rempel

Frequency, Rates, and Costs

(1)

Disorder Types and their Natural History

(1)

Individual Factors

(1)

Work-Related Factors

(4)

Summary

VII. Medical Management

Medical Management of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

(1)

Thomas Hales

Patricia Bertsche

Introduction

(1)

Terminology

(1)

Selection of a Health Care Provider (HCP)

(3)

Early Reporting of Symptoms and Access to Health Care Providers

(1)

Health Care Providers Being Familiar with the Employee's Job

(1)

Evaluation of the Employee

(2)

Treatment of the Employee

(5)

Resting the Symptomatic Area

Thermal (More Frequently Cold) Therapy

Oral Medications

Stretching and Strengthening

Hot Wax

Steroid Injections

Surgery

Follow-Up and Return to Work

(1)

Follow-Up

Return to Work

Screening

(1)

Conclusion

Systems Approach to Rehabilitation

(1)

Ann E. Barr

Introduction

(1)

Definition and Scope of WMSDs

(1)

Components of a Multidisciplinary WMSD Management Program

(3)

Injury Management in a Comprehensive Ergonomics Program

(4)

The Biopsychosocial Model of WMSD Management

Recent Examples of Multidisciplinary WMSD Management Programs

Relationship of HCPs to Other Members of an Ergonomics Program

Algorithm for Secondary Prevention of WMSD in an Occupational Setting

(2)

Clinical Evaluation of Workers with WMSD

(4)

Questionnaires

Physical Examination

Assessment and Diagnosis

Treatment of Workers with WMSD

(3)

Acute-Phase Treatment

Subacute-Phase Treatment

Chronic-Phase Treatment

Treatment Pitfalls

Summary

Postinjury Rehabilitation/Management

(1)

Tom G. Mayer

Robert J. Gatchel

Skye Porter

Brian R. Theodore

Introduction

(1)

Primary Nonoperative Care

(1)

Secondary Rehabilitation

(1)

Physical Therapy

Psychosocial Interventions

Evidence for Interdisciplinary Approaches to Secondary Care

Tertiary Rehabilitation

(3)

Interdisciplinary Assessment

Functional Restoration

Physical and Occupational Therapy

Psychosocial Interventions and Disability Management

Evidence for Functional Restoration

Palliative Pain Management

(1)

Conclusions

Wrist Splints

(1)

Carolyn M. Sommerich

Introduction

(1)

Fundamentals

(1)

Applications

(4)

Wrist Splints as Medical Treatment for Disorders Affecting the Wrist

Wrist Splints as Medical Treatment for Disorders Affecting the Elbow

Wrist Splints Used during Task Performance

Summary

Clinical Lumbar Motion Monitor

(1)

Sue A. Ferguson

William S. Marras

Introduction

(1)

Development of the Clinical Lumbar Motion Monitor (CLMM) Functional Assessment

(7)

Equipment

Functional Performance Testing Protocol

Instructions to the Subject

Trunk Kinematic Measures

Repeatability of Trunk Kinematic Measures

Database of Asymptomatic Population

Database of Low Back Pain Patients

Sensitivity and Specificity of Trunk Kinematics

Independent Validation of Functional Performance Probability

Functional Performance Probability and Spine Loading

Interpretation of CLMM Results

Streamline Functional Performance Protocol

(1)

Sincerity of Effort

(2)

Sincerity of Effort Protocol

Sensitivity and Specificity of Sincerity of Effort

Repeatability and Validation

Interpretation of Sincerity of Effort

Quantification of Recovery

(2)

CLMM Functional Performance Recovery Compared to Traditional Recovery Measures

(2)

Summary

VIII. Ergonomic Industrial Interventions

Chairs and Furniture

(1)

Marvin J. Dainoff

Introduction

(1)

Historical Overview

(1)

Do Ergonomics Interventions in the Office Actually Work? Confusions and Contradictions

(2)

Implications for Best Practices: An Attempt at Clarification

(2)

Approaches to Understanding the Ergonomics of Chairs and Furniture

(6)

Need for Integrated Research Programs --- The Jeffersonian Approach

Example of a Jeffersonian Research Program for Chair Design

Need for Conceptual Framework --- The Ecological Approach

An Ecological Approach to Ergonomics

An Outline of Best Practices

(7)

Functional Purpose (Level 1)

Values and Priorities (Level 2)

Purpose-Related Functions (Level 3)

Physical Function (Level 4) and Physical Form (Level 5)

Conclusions

The Computer Keyboard System Design

(1)

Jack Dennerlein

Introduction

(1)

Computer Use, Health, and Risk

(1)

Reducing Awkward Postures through Keyboard Geometry

(3)

Changes in the Keyswitch Design

(2)

Alternative Keyboard Layout and Speech Recognition

(1)

Integration with Workstation Design

(1)

Conclusions

Intervention for Notebook Computers

(1)

Carolyn M. Sommerich

Introduction

(1)

Notebook PC Design and Location Factors

(6)

Keyboard Design and Location

Pointing Device Design and Location

Display Design and Location

Additional Hardware

Usage Factors

(1)

Temporal Factors

Workstation Configuration

Transportation

(1)

Guidelines and Suggestions for NPC Selection and Use

(1)

Summary

Meatpacking Operations

(1)

Steven L. Johnson

Distinctive Characteristics of Meat Processing Operations

(1)

Indications of Ergonomics Issues in Meat Processing Operations

(1)

Early OSHA Enforcement Activities to Address Ergonomics Issues

(1)

Cooperative Efforts to Provide Information to Reduce Ergonomics Hazards

(1)

Elements of the Ergonomics Program Management Guidelines for Meatpacking Plants

(1)

Effectiveness of the Meatpacking Guidelines

(1)

Other Standards Developments That Affected the Meatpacking Industry

(1)

Effective Implementation of Ergonomics in Meatpacking

(1)

Ergonomics Guidelines for Poultry Processing

(1)

Summary

Poultry Processing

(1)

Carol Stuart-Buttle

Introduction

(1)

Ergonomics Process

(4)

Management

Ergonomics Team

Training

Monitoring the Workplace

Improvement Process

Implementing Solutions

(13)

Administrative Controls

Engineering Controls

Hand Tools

Summary

Working in Unusual or Restricted Postures

(1)

Sean Gallagher

Introduction

(1)

General Considerations

(1)

Epidemiologic Studies of Restricted Postures and Musculoskeletal Disorders

(1)

Performance Limitations in Restricted Postures

(7)

Effects of Posture on Lifting Capacity

Biomechanics of Unusual or Restricted Postures

Physiologic Costs of Work in Unusual or Restricted Postures

Recent Evidence on the Hazards of Torso Flexion

Intervention Principles for Unusual or Restricted Postures

(3)

Avoid Full Flexion of the Torso

Design Loads in Accordance with Posture-Specific Strength Capacity

Use of Mechanical-Assist Devices and Tools

Rest Breaks/Job Rotation

Personal Protective Equipment

Summary

Agriculture

(1)

Fadi A. Fathallah

James M. Meyers

Larry J. Chapman

Ben-Tzion Karsh

Introduction

(1)

MSD Risk Factors in Agriculture

(2)

Oil, Seed, and Grain Crops

Vegetable and Melon Crops

Fruit and Tree Nut Crops

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Crops

Fresh Market Vegetable Crops

Dairy Cattle and Milk Livestock

Hog and Pig Livestock

Poultry and Egg Production Livestock

General or Mixed Crop and Livestock Agriculture

Types and Examples of Interventions in Agriculture

(4)

Administrative Controls in Agriculture

Engineering Controls for Agriculture

Intervention Examples in Agriculture

(3)

Fruit and Tree Crops

Plant Nurseries

Fresh Market Vegetable Crops

Dairy and Cattle Production

Administrative Control Example --- Rest Breaks

Useful Internet Resources

(1)

Conclusions

Grocery Distribution Centers

(1)

Michael J. Jorgensen

William S. Marras

W. Gary Allread

Carol Stuart-Buttle

Introduction

(1)

Grocery Distribution Center Systems

(4)

Traditional Order Pick System

Belt-Pick System

Cross-Dock System

Flow-Through System

Mixture of Different Systems

Musculoskeletal Disorder Intervention Strategies for Specific Distribution Center Attributes

(15)

Case Features

Slot Features

Aisle Features

Pallet Features

Pallet Jack Features

Plastic Wrapping Issues

Pick Sticks

Coupling Issues

Conclusions

Patient Handling in Health Care

(1)

Audrey Nelson

Introduction

(1)

High-Risk Patient Handling Tasks

(2)

Hazard Evaluation

(3)

Ergonomic Solutions for High-Risk Patient Handling Tasks

(3)

Summary

Prevention of Medical Errors

(1)

Marilyn Sue Bogner

Medical Error

(1)

Addressing Medical Error: The Quest for Patient Safety

(2)

Potent Presumption

Research on Error Reporting for Accountability

Information to Improve Safety

Error as Behavior

(1)

Life Space

Artichoke Systems Approach

(6)

Error Reporting for Safety

Artichoke and Medication Misadventures

Provider Accountability Versus the Artichoke

Accountability

(1)

Preventing Errors That Do Not Happen

Implications of the Artichoke

(1)

Artichoke and Design

Paradigm Change: Error as Behavior Artichoke Systems Approach

Bakery: Cake Decorating Process

(1)

Carolyn M. Sommerich

Steven A. Lavender

A. Asmus

A.-M. Chany

J. Parakkat

G. Yang

Introduction

(1)

Observational Study Approach

(2)

Participants

Data Collection Procedures

Data Analysis Procedures

Observational Study Results

(6)

Analysis by Task

Discomfort Survey Results

Potential Interventions

(2)

Scooping from the Bucket

Icing

Bordering

Bordering and Writing

Summary

Furniture Manufacturing Industry

(1)

Gary Mirka

Introduction

(1)

The Development Team

(1)

The Process

(1)

The Product

(2)

Discussion and Lessons Learned

General Construction

(1)

Steven F. Hecker

Jennifer Hess

Laurel Kincl

Scott P. Schneider

Introduction

(1)

Characteristics of the Construction Industry

(2)

Construction Workforce

Challenges for Ergonomics

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Construction Workers

(2)

MSD Exposure and Risk Factors

(10)

Exposures Common to Multiple Trades

Trade Specific Exposures and Controls

Exposure Assessment Methods

(1)

Organizational, Management, and Logistical Considerations in Construction Ergonomics

(1)

Construction Design and Ergonomics

(1)

Cognitive Factors in Construction Safety and Ergonomics

(1)

Challenges of Ergonomic Interventions in Construction

(3)

Intervention Process

Sources for Ergonomic Solutions in Construction

(1)

Conclusions

Introducing Ergonomics to Developing Countries

(1)

David Caple

Introduction

(1)

Understanding Developing Countries' Needs

(1)

Occupational Health and Safety Legislation

(1)

Education in Ergonomics

(1)

Studying Abroad

Ergonomics Education in IDCs

(1)

Government Inspectors and Union Representatives

(1)

Cultural Influences

(1)

Technology Transfer

(1)

Future Ergonomic Challenges

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Conclusions

The Future of Work and an Ergonomics Response

(104)

C.G. Drury

Introduction

(1)

Societal and Workplace Changes

(5)

The Societal Background

Changes to Work

Managing Change in Ergonomics/Human Factors

Response at the Profession Level

Response at the Enterprise Level

Appendix

Introduction

(4)

Furniture Manufacturing Ergonomics Program Management

(4)

Ergonomics Program Elements

(2)

Management Commitment

(1)

Employee Participation and Involvement

(1)

A Team Approach

(2)

Identifying Ergonomics Concerns

(5)

Trends Analysis

(2)

Workplace Analysis

(3)

Ergonomic Control Strategies

(4)

Engineering Controls

(1)

Work Practice Controls

(1)

Administrative Controls

(1)

Documentation of Ergonomic Improvements

(1)

Web-Based Repository

(1)

Administrative Management

(7)

Ergonomics Training Practices

(1)

Placement Strategies

(2)

Management of MSDs

(4)

Ergonomics Program Evaluation

(80)

Appendix A -- Common MSDs in the Workplace

(1)

Appendix B -- Posture Identification Sheet

(1)

Appendix C -- Core Elements of an Ergonomics Program

(1)

Appendix D -- Team Structures and Activities

(3)

Appendix E -- Spreadsheets for OSHA 300 Log Trends Analysis

(2)

Appendix F -- Tools for Identifying Ergonomics Concerns

(20)

Appendix G -- Engineering Controls for the Furniture Manufacturing Industry

(28)

Appendix H -- Documentation of Ergonomics Projects

(3)

Appendix I -- Return on Investment (ROI) for an Ergonomics Project

(1)

Appendix J -- Training and Education Models

(4)

Appendix K -- Placement Evaluation Process Model

(2)

Appendix L -- Forms for MSD Evaluation and Assessment Methods

(5)

Appendix M -- Suggested Treatments for MSDs

(4)

Appendix N -- Ergonomics Program Evaluation

103

(2)

Glossary of Terms

105

(2)

References

107

(2)

Acknowledgments

109

Index

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Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics

Summary

Table of Contents

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