Introducing Feminist Theology

Introducing Feminist Theology responds to the questions "What is feminist theology?" and "Why is it important?" by considering the perspectives of women from around the globe who have very diverse life experience and relationships to God, Church and creation. Clifford introduces the major forms of feminist theology: "radical, " "reformist, " and "reconstructionist, " and highlights some of their specific characteristics.

Anne M. Clifford is associate professor of theology at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh.

Acknowledgments

xi

Introduction

1

(8)

The ``Why'' and ``What'' of Christian Feminist Theology

9

(37)

Why Feminism?

13

(3)

What Is Feminism?

16

(5)

Second-Wave Feminisms

21

(4)

Third-Wave Feminisms

25

(3)

Why Christian Feminist Theology?

28

(4)

Types of Feminist Theology

32

(6)

Conclusions

38

(1)

A Look Ahead

38

(1)

Notes

39

(3)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

42

(2)

Areas for Exploration

44

(1)

Recommended Readings

44

(2)

Feminist Perspectives on the Bible

46

(46)

A Spectrum of Viewpoints on the Bible

49

(2)

What Is the Bible?

51

(1)

Biblical Translations

52

(2)

Contemporary Feminists and the Bible

54

(2)

Feminist Hermeneutics and the Bible's Formation

56

(7)

Experiences of God's Self-Disclosure

56

(2)

Oral Repetition of Communal Stories

58

(1)

Writing and Editing

59

(1)

The Biblical Canon

59

(4)

Feminist Hermeneutics Applied to Biblical Passages

63

(2)

Women and the Bible

65

(1)

Euro-American Feminist Biblical Scholarship

66

(13)

A Reconstruction of Eve's Story

66

(5)

The Patriarchal Paradigm Casts a Long Shadow

71

(1)

The Tragedy of Sonless Women

71

(1)

Women, Property of Men

72

(1)

Remembering Partnership in the Old Testament

73

(3)

New Testament, Patriarchy, and Liberation in Tension

76

(3)

The Difference Social Location Makes When Women Interpret the Bible

79

(6)

Interpreting the Bible from a Womanist Perspective

79

(2)

Hispanic Women and the Bible

81

(1)

Sub-Saharan African and Asian Women and the Bible

82

(3)

Conclusions

85

(1)

A Look Ahead

85

(1)

Notes

86

(3)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

89

(1)

Areas for Exploration

90

(1)

Recommended Readings

91

(1)

Feminist Perspectives on God

92

(41)

Euro-American Feminist Perspectives on Biblical God-Language

97

(12)

Major Names for God

98

(4)

Functional Designations for God

102

(1)

Analogies and Metaphors for God

102

(3)

Female Personifications

105

(4)

The Christian God, a Trinitarian Community

109

(7)

African American Womanist Perspectives on God

116

(4)

Hispanic Women's Perspectives on God

120

(2)

An African Woman's Perspective on God

122

(2)

A South Korean Woman's Perspective on God

124

(1)

Conclusions

124

(2)

A Look Ahead

126

(1)

Notes

126

(4)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

130

(1)

Areas for Exploration

131

(1)

Recommended Readings

131

(2)

Feminist Perspectives on Women and the Church

133

(45)

The Christian Church(es) Today

136

(1)

The Christian Churches and Sacraments

137

(2)

Ordination and the Christian Churches

139

(1)

Women and the Sacrament of Priestly Ordination

140

(8)

Women and Their Churches

148

(1)

Euro-American Women and the Catholic Church

148

(4)

Euro-American Women and the Protestant Churches

152

(3)

African American Women and Their Churches

155

(9)

Hispanic Women and Their Churches

164

(4)

Conclusions

168

(1)

A Look Ahead

168

(1)

Notes

169

(6)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

175

(1)

Areas for Exploration

176

(1)

Recommended Readings

176

(2)

Feminist Spirituality, God, Mary, and Her Sister Saints

178

(41)

Christian Spirituality

179

(2)

Christian Feminist Spirituality

181

(1)

Christian Feminist Spirituality and God

182

(4)

Mary, Virgin Mother of God

186

(3)

Mary in European and Euro-American Feminist Thought

189

(5)

Mary in Latin American Feminist Spirituality

194

(5)

Women Saints in Feminist Spirituality

199

(11)

Conclusions

210

(1)

A Look Ahead

211

(1)

Notes

212

(4)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

216

(1)

Areas for Exploration

216

(1)

Recommended Readings

217

(2)

Feminist Perspectives on Ecology

219

(42)

Ecofeminism: A Twofold Advocacy for Women and Nonhuman Nature

222

(2)

The Logic of Ecofeminist Theory

224

(2)

The Major Strategies of Ecofeminists

226

(7)

Ecofeminist Grassroots Movements

226

(3)

Hermeneutics of Suspicion and an Organic Vision of Nature

229

(3)

Affirmation of the Sacredness of Nature

232

(1)

Ecofeminism and the Divine

233

(2)

Christian Ecofeminist Theology in ``Euro-America''

235

(13)

Christian Ecofeminist Theology in the Third World

248

(5)

Conclusions

253

(1)

Notes

254

(4)

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

258

(1)

Areas for Exploration

259

(1)

Recommended Readings

260

(1)

Epilogue

261

(2)

Notes

263

(2)

Glossary

265

(10)

Index

275

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Introducing Feminist Theology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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