Introduction to Animal Science

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ISBN: 9780471170945 | 0471170941
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/11/2000

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Pond is for the mainstream introduction to animal science taught in every university that has a school of agriculture or animal science department. The result of years of teaching, the book provides students with a comprehensive and balanced overview of animal agriculture in contemporary society, taking into account the needs of students with highly varied cultural backgrounds and educational objectives.

Preface

SECTION ONE

Food Production

(19)

Historical Perspective

(1)

Human Population Growth

(2)

Role of Research and of Land, Water, Soil, and Energy Resources

(5)

Food Consumption

(7)

Who Produces the Food?

(2)

Summary

(2)

Domestic Animals

(13)

An Overview of the Contributions of Domestic Animals

(2)

Food from Animals

(1)

Animal Byproducts

(2)

Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutic Agents

(1)

Companionship and Pleasure

(2)

Faithful Stewards

(1)

Draft Power and Transportation

(1)

Manure, Crop Residues, and Food Processing Wastes

(3)

Biomedical Research

(1)

Summary

(2)

Animal Agriculture in the United States and the World

(19)

Historical Perspective

(1)

Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the World

(4)

Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the United States

(11)

The Place of the United States in World Animal Agriculture

(1)

Summary

(2)

SECTION TWO

Reproduction

(29)

Gonadotropic Hormones and Their Functions

(1)

Male Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions

(5)

Female Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions

(4)

The Estrous Cycle

(2)

Pregnancy

(2)

Parturition

(2)

Artificial Insemination

(3)

Estrus Detection

(1)

Estrus Synchronization

(1)

Fertilization

(1)

Embryo Transfer

(2)

Summary

(5)

Lactation

(18)

The Mammary Gland

(3)

Milk Synthesis and Secretion

(2)

Colostrum

(1)

Milk Composition

(3)

Milk Production

(5)

Metabolic Cost of Lactation

(1)

Summary

(3)

Genetics

(28)

Introduction

(1)

Genes and Chromosomes of the Cell

100

(6)

Mitosis

106

(1)

Meiosis

106

(1)

Fertilization and Growth

107

(2)

Dominant and Recessive Alleles for a Single Trait: Six Possible Outcomes

109

(1)

Types of Gene Action

110

(2)

Quantitatively Inherited Traits

112

(1)

Selection

113

(3)

Mating Systems

116

(3)

Molecular Genetics

119

(3)

Summary

122

(5)

Growth

127

(19)

Methods of Expressing Growth

128

(1)

Body Weight as a Measure of Growth

129

(2)

Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Differentiation

131

(3)

Growth of Brain, Skeleton, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue

134

(6)

Strategies for Regulating Growth

140

(1)

Growth of Placenta, Fetus, and Mammary Tissues in Mammals and Embryo in Birds

140

(4)

Summary

144

(2)

Nutrition and Feeding

146

(66)

Nutrients

147

(29)

The Gastrointestinal Tract: Structure, Digestion, and Absorption

176

(6)

Factors Affecting Feed Consumption

182

(1)

Feeds and Feeding

183

(13)

Summary

196

(16)

SECTION THREE

Animal Husbandry: Fulfilling Animal Needs

212

(20)

Space and Place

213

(1)

Thermal Environment

214

(5)

Light Environment

219

(3)

Environmental Effects on Animal Health

222

(2)

Air Pollution in Animal Houses

224

(1)

Effects of High Altitude

224

(1)

Animal-Human Interactions

225

(1)

Animal Accommodations

226

(3)

Assessing Environmental Quality

229

(1)

Summary

230

(2)

Animal States-of-Being

232

(19)

Domestication and Adaptability

232

(1)

Multifaceted Internal and External Environments

233

(3)

Environmental Adaptability

236

(2)

Animal Needs

238

(4)

Inevitable Compromises

242

(1)

A Public Issue: Farm-Animal Welfare

243

(4)

Summary

247

(4)

New and Emerging Issues

251

(24)

Plant-Animal Ecosystems

252

(1)

Ecological Balance and Environmental Quality

253

(4)

Animal Well-Being

257

(2)

Biological Diversity

259

(3)

Biotechnology

262

(3)

Food Safety

265

(3)

Economic Support for Agriculture

268

(2)

Challenges and Opportunities for Animal Science Graduates in the Twenty-first Century

270

(1)

Graduates in the Twenty-first Century

270

(1)

Summary

271

(4)

SECTION FOUR

Live Animal Evaluation: Beef Cattle, Sheep, and Swine

275

(26)

Live Animal Evaluation: Past and Present

276

(1)

Beef Cattle Evaluation

277

(9)

Sheep Evaluation

286

(6)

Swine Evaluation

292

(7)

Summary

299

(2)

Dairy Cattle

301

(34)

Changes and Trends in the Dairy Industry

302

(4)

Dairy Cattle Breeds

306

(1)

Milk Marketing

306

(2)

Genetic Improvement

308

(2)

Housing Systems

310

(6)

Herd Health

316

(1)

Nutrition and Feeding

316

(8)

Reproductive Management

324

(2)

Dairy Replacements

326

(3)

Economics

329

(3)

Summary

332

(3)

Beef Cattle

335

(38)

Historical Aspects

336

(1)

Cattle Statistics

336

(2)

Production Systems

338

(4)

Breeding and Genetic Considerations

342

(7)

Reproductive Management

349

(4)

Nutritional Management

353

(7)

Herd Health Concerns

360

(3)

General Management Considerations and Issues

363

(6)

Summary

369

(4)

Poultry and Egg Production

373

(27)

Integrated Production Systems

374

(1)

Reproduction

375

(2)

Breeding

377

(2)

Incubation

379

(1)

Brooding and Rearing

380

(2)

Feeding and Nutrition

382

(1)

Housing

383

(5)

Equipment

388

(1)

Lighting Poultry

389

(2)

Production Systems

391

(5)

Health Maintenance

396

(2)

Summary

398

(2)

Horses and the Horse Industry

400

(41)

History of the Horse and the Horse Industry in the United States

401

(13)

Horse Care and Health Programs

414

(5)

Nutrition

419

(6)

Housing and Containment

425

(1)

Raising Horses

426

(1)

Breeding Horses

427

(8)

Training Horses

435

(1)

Buying and/or Selling a Horse

436

(2)

Summary

438

(3)

Swine

441

(45)

Description and characteristics of Swine Production

442

(5)

Issues Facing the Pork Industry

447

(3)

Pork as Human Food

450

(2)

Life Cycle

452

(4)

Breeds

456

(1)

Applied Genetics

457

(5)

Nutrition and Feeding

462

(7)

Health

469

(1)

Types of Production

470

(3)

Husbandry and Management

473

(6)

Marketing

479

(4)

Emerging Technologies

483

(1)

Summary

483

(3)

Sheep and Goats

486

(24)

Number of Sheep and Goats

487

(1)

Breeds of Sheep and Goats

488

(2)

Production Systems

490

(3)

Breeding Management

493

(1)

Feeding and Nutrition

494

(5)

Gestational Concerns

499

(3)

Lambing and Kidding management

502

(3)

Growing and Finishing

505

(1)

Diseases and Parasites

505

(2)

Marketing

507

(1)

Summary

507

(3)

Aquatic Animals

510

(16)

Evolution of Aquaculture

511

(1)

Benefits of Aquaculture

511

(1)

Comparison of Feeding Fish versus Livestock

512

(1)

Feeding and Nutrition

513

(2)

Aquaculture and the Environment

515

(1)

Commercial Aquaculture

516

(8)

Summary

524

(2)

Dogs and Cats

526

(27)

Dogs and Cats in American Society

527

(2)

Careers in the Pet Industry

529

(1)

Nutritional Requirements of Dogs and Cats

530

(8)

Basic Health Care

538

(7)

Reproduction in the Kennel or Cattery

545

(3)

Development and Socialization of Puppies and Kittens

548

(1)

Summary

549

(4)

Other Animals, Other Uses, Other Opportunities

553

(31)

Animals for Food, Hides, and Fiber

554

(20)

Animals Raised for Fur

574

(1)

Animals in Research

575

(1)

Animals as Tissue and Organ Donors

576

(2)

Animals as Pets and Companions

578

(1)

Animals in Zoos and Aquariums

579

(1)

Summary

580

(4)

SECTION FIVE

Meat and Meat Products

584

(28)

Modern Methods of Processing Carcasses

585

(1)

Distribution of Meat and Meat products

586

(1)

Packaging of Retail Meat Cuts

587

(1)

The Diet/Health ``Scare'' for Red Meats and the Response by the Livestock Industry

588

(1)

Low Fat Meats

589

(1)

The Other White Meat

589

(2)

Slaughter Plant Size

591

(1)

Food Safety

592

(1)

U.S. Meat Production

593

(1)

Meat Inspection

593

(2)

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points

595

(1)

Carcass Composition

595

(2)

Composition of Muscle

597

(2)

Age, Sex, Weight, Fatness, Grade and Breed Effects on Meat Quality and Value

599

(6)

Effects of Fatness on Meat Palatability

605

(2)

Effects of Cooking

607

(1)

Why Meat Retail Cuts Differ in Price

608

(2)

Summary

610

(2)

Milk and Milk Products

612

(25)

Composition of Milk Dairy Foods

614

(2)

Milk Microbiology

616

(5)

Milk Processing

621

(6)

Processing of Cultured Byproducts

627

(2)

Other Products

629

(2)

Defects

631

(2)

Cleaning and Sanitation of Dairy Plant Systems

633

(2)

Operating Efficiencies

635

(1)

In-Plant Quality Audits

635

(1)

Summary

635

(2)

Poultry and Egg Processing and Products

637

(17)

Poultry Meat

637

(9)

Eggs

646

(4)

Liquid Eggs

650

(2)

Summary

652

(2)

Aquaculture Products

654

(9)

Importance of Aquaculture Products

654

(1)

Nutritional Value of Fish

655

(2)

Processing and marketing and Aquaculture Products

657

(1)

Quality

658

(2)

Future of Aquaculture Products

660

(1)

Summary

660

(3)

Wool, Mohair and Other Animal Fibers

663

(19)

Wool

663

(11)

Mohair

674

(1)

Other Animal Fibers

675

(1)

Pelts skins and Hides

676

(2)

Summary

678

(4)

The Future: Animals and Society in the 21st Century

682

(1)

Demand for Animal Products

683

(1)

Food Resources

684

(1)

Trends and Expectations on the Nature of U.S. Animal Agriculture

684

(2)

Opportunities in Animal Agriculture

686

(1)

Summary

687

Appendices

A-1

Index

I-1

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Introduction to Animal Science

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials